Climate Change Mitigation Strategies Research Articles

Centennial-scale cooling-induced megadroughts in Myanmar’s tropical arid region over the past 8000 years

The future impact of global warming on tropical arid regions is unclear due to uncertainties about the correlation between rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. A critical factor is the reliability of the sedimentary chronologies. Hence, to better understand the potential long-term consequences of climatic warming or cooling for tropical arid regions we compared a pollen record from the annually-laminated sediments of a crater lake in Myanmar with ice core records of the Siberian High, both of which have an annual resolution. Our findings reveal that over the past 8,000 years, the Myanmar region experienced six significant drought events, three of which coincided precisely with intensifications of the Siberian High-pressure system. Furthermore, five out of these six events were synchronous with the North Atlantic Bond events within the limit of the dating uncertainties. Conversely, warm periods were associated with increased precipitation along with relatively short-lived drought events. Our findings suggest that regardless of the El Niño intensity, a cooling trend in the Northern Hemisphere may result in persistent extreme drought conditions in arid tropical regions. Therefore, as well as the environmental implications of global warming, it is also important to address the potential hazards associated with cooling, especially in arid tropical regions. To facilitate effective disaster management and to develop strategies for climate change mitigation, it is crucial to better understand the complex relationship between temperature fluctuations and drought. Overall, our findings are a reminder of the importance of not ignoring the potential disasters that may arise from cooling trends while focusing exclusively on warming.

Prospective Roles of Extremophilic Fungi in Climate Change Mitigation Strategies

Climate change and the resultant environmental deterioration signify one of the most challenging problems facing humankind in the 21st century. The origins of climate change are multifaceted and rooted in anthropogenic activities, resulting in increasing greenhouse gases in the environment and leading to global warming and weather drifts. Extremophilic fungi, characterized by their exceptional properties to survive extreme habitats, harbor great potential in mitigating climate change effects. This review provides insight into the potential applications of extremophilic fungi in climate change mitigation strategies. They are able to metabolize organic biomass and degrade carbon compounds, thereby safely sequestering carbon and extenuating its release into the environment as noxious greenhouse gases. Furthermore, they possess extremozymes, which break down recalcitrant organic species, including lignocellulosic biomass and hydrocarbons. Enzymatic machinery equips these extremophilic fungi to perform the bioremediation of polluted environments. Extremophilic fungi can also be exploited for various biological interventions, such as biofuels, bioplastics, and other bioprocessing applications. However, these fungi characterize a valued but underexplored resource in the arsenal of climate change mitigation strategies.

Climate variability and change in Ecuador: dynamic downscaling of regional projections with RegCM4 and HadGEM2-ES for informed adaptation strategies

Ecuador, a country with distinct coastal (CO), highland (HL), and Amazon (AM) regions that are characterized by unique climatic, ecological, and socio-economic features is highly vulnerable to climate change. This study focuses on these three regions, highlighting their individual importance in the broader context of Ecuador's climate vulnerability. Utilizing dynamically downscaled data from the Regional Climate Model (RCM), we generated precipitation and air temperature projections for the period 2070–2099 under three different climate change scenarios. We indicate projected temperature increases across all three regions: mean temperature increases for the CO, HL and AM regions are of 1.35, 1.55, and 1.21°C, respectively. Each year, the largest temperature increases are predicted for the third quarter (June–August), with the smallest increases predicted for the last quarter (December–February). Precipitation patterns show varied changes, with CO exhibiting a positive mean daily change, in contrast to a mean negative change in the AM region. These region-specific projections underscore the differential impacts of climate change within Ecuador and highlight the necessity for tailored adaptation measures. The study's novel approach, focusing on distinct regional impacts within a single nation, offers valuable insights for policymakers, aiding in the development of effective, region-specific climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. This targeted approach is crucial to address unique challenges faced by different regions, thereby supporting national resilience strategies.

Passive strategies for climate change mitigation in architectural heritage: the case study of Santa Maria in Trastevere Basilica, Rome

ABSTRACT According to the most recent climate projections, urban settings and historic centres will be affected by considerable increases in temperature extremes and heat waves as a result of climate change. For this reason, the issue of energy efficiency and indoor comfort in historic buildings has become a topic of major interest for the significant number of buildings in the national and European territories. The performance redevelopment of architectural heritage, particularly religious buildings, requires accurate design, through a careful assessment of the occupants’ needs and the historic building’s characteristics, to guarantee adequate levels of thermal comfort and ensure an indoor climate suitable for safeguarding the cultural asset. In this regard, the study investigates, through a data-driven approach and building performance analysis, the indoor comfort level of a religious building in the historical centre of Rome that presents phenomena of excessive indoor overheating. The objective is to identify passive cooling strategies, through the optimization of natural ventilation levels and reduction of surface temperatures of the envelope exposed to solar radiation, in order to propose different design scenarios. The results show how a data-driven process in a digital environment can significantly contribute to the identification of optimal and integrated design strategies and solutions.

A Review on the Impact of Climate Change on Sustainable Economic Growth of India

The disparity in average emissions per person has dominated India’s position on global climate talks for two decades. Since the 1992 Rio Earth Summit, India has been the strongest voice for “common but differentiated” responsibility. Those were enshrined in the famous 1997 Kyoto Protocol where developing countries avoided binding agreements to reduce their emissions until developed economies first dramatically slashed their own. Frequent droughts, sudden bursts of heavy downpour,s and unseasonal snowfall cannot be dismissed merely as vagaries of weather. These are a result of climate change – which in simple terms, is warming of the atmosphere due to excessive industrial and auto emissions. Climate change is a global issue. As part of our efforts to achieve environmentally sustainable economic growth, we must be committed to reducing the effects of climate change. Without significant measures to reduce greenhouse gas pollution, the planet is expected to warm much more rapidly than previously predicted. The paper suggested some effective mitigation strategies for climate change.

Quantifying air quality co-benefits to industrial decarbonization: the local Air Emissions Tracking Atlas

IntroductionMany decarbonization technologies have the added co-benefit of reducing short-lived climate pollutants, such as particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), creating a unique opportunity for identifying strategies that promote both climate change solutions and opportunities for air quality improvement. However, stakeholders and decision-makers may struggle to quantify how these co-benefits will impact public health for the communities most affected by industrial air pollution.MethodsTo address this problem, the LOCal Air Emissions Tracking Atlas (LOCAETA) fills a data availability and analysis gap by providing estimated air quality benefits from industrial decarbonization options, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). These co-benefits are calculated using an algorithm that connects disparate datasets that separately report greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants at U.S. industrial facilities.ResultsVersion 1.0 of LOCAETA displays the estimated primary PM2.5 emission reduction co-benefits from additional pretreatment equipment for CCS on industrial and power facilities across the state of Louisiana, as well as the potential for VOC and NH3 generation. The emission reductions are presented in the tool alongside facility pollutant emissions information and relevant air quality, environmental, demographic, and public health datasets, such as air toxics cancer risk, satellite and in situ pollutant measurements, and population vulnerability metrics.DiscussionLOCAETA enables regulators, policymakers, environmental justice communities, and industrial and commercial users to compare and contrast quantifiable public health benefits due to air quality impacts from various climate change mitigation strategies using a free and publicly-available tool. Additional pollutant reductions can be calculated using the same methodology and will be available in future versions of the tool.

Wildfires and carbon budget of certain seasonally dry forests in India

AbstractGlobally, the increasing fire events in addition to climate change due to the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) as well as other greenhouse gases exerts huge pressure on natural resources and their management. This phenomenon is more severe in the tropical region due to increasing population, urbanization, industrialization, existing pressures, and limiting conditions. In the present study, carbon (C) stock, carbon sequestration (Cseq), CO2 mitigation potential, C budget, and C flux of the seasonally dry forest ecosystem of Chhattisgarh under the influence of wildfire in the protected area and its proximity were evaluated. Four sites namely, high fire zone (HFZ), medium fire zone (MFZ), low fire zone (LFZ), and non‐fire zone (NFZ) were selected and marked based on fire return intervals (frequency) and extent of damage. The present work is a novel approach that assesses the impact of different fire frequencies on C dynamics of fire‐affected zones. The stratified sampling technique was used within a permanent plot of 1 hectare. Forest stands on each site were analyzed using 10 randomly placed quadrats (each 10 × 10 m in size) and data were collected from each site. Across the sites higher tree density was observed at NFZ and the lowest at HFZ.Total tree biomass ranged between 116.0 and 358.4 t ha−1 across the fire regimes. Total vegetation C stock ranged between 59.1 and 169.5 t ha−1 in different sites. The C mitigation and Cseq potential ranged between 186.2 and 575.3 t ha−1, and 7.1 and 15.9 t ha−1, respectively being highest in NFZ and lowest in HFZ. The species such as Anogeissus latifolia, Buchanania lanzan, Shorea robusta, Lannea coromandelica, Lagerstroemia parviflora, Ougeinia oojeinensis, Terminalia chebula, Terminalia tomentosa are the major contributor in biomass, C stock, C mitigation, and Cseq potential in different fire regimes. Thus, our findings would be highly useful in the restoration process of fire‐affected zones through the plantation of selective plant species. Therefore, the aforementioned species could be effectively utilized while going for an afforestation/reforestation program, and will be helpful in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies under different fire zones.

Severe decline in large farmland trees in India over the past decade

AbstractAgroforestry practices that include the integration of multifunctional trees within agricultural lands can generate multiple socioecological benefits, in addition to being a natural climate solution due to the associated carbon sequestration potential. Such agroforestry trees represent a vital part of India’s landscapes. However, despite their importance, a current lack of robust monitoring mechanisms has contributed to an insufficient grasp of their distribution in relation to management practices, as well as their vulnerability to climate change and diseases. Here we map 0.6 billion farmland trees, excluding block plantations, in India and track them over the past decade. We show that around 11 ± 2% of the large trees (about 96 m2 crown size) mapped in 2010/2011 had disappeared by 2018. Moreover, during the period 2018–2022, more than 5 million large farmland trees (about 67 m2 crown size) have vanished, due partly to altered cultivation practices, where trees within fields are perceived as detrimental to crop yields. These observations are particularly unsettling given the current emphasis on agroforestry as a pivotal natural climate solution, playing a crucial role in both climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, in addition to being important for supporting agricultural livelihoods and improving biodiversity.

Heat Stress and Water Irrigation Management Effects on the Fruit Color and Quality of ‘Hongro’ Apples

Increasing fruit crop production sustainability under climate change, particularly increasing temperatures, is a major challenge in modern agriculture. High temperatures affect apple fruit quality and decrease its color. Herein, we constructed an experimental field under temperature simulation to evaluate climate change mitigation strategies for apples. ‘Hongro’ apples were subjected to three treatments: (1) cultivation inside a vinyl house for heat treatment (heat induction), (2) cultivation under water irrigation (heat reduction), and (3) cultivation under normal atmospheric temperature (control). At harvest, the fruits of the heat treatment group exhibited poor coloration, with a lower gene expression and pigment accumulation than those of the water irrigation and control groups. Furthermore, the fruit quality of the heat treatment group decreased, with a lower soluble solid content (SSC) and titratable acidity (TA), and smaller fruits. Additionally, a higher fruit disorder (cracking and spots) ratio was observed in the heat treatment group than in the water irrigation and control groups. However, the fruits of the water irrigation group exhibited higher quality indexes (flesh firmness, SSC, and TA) and less cracking than those of the heat treatment and control groups. Heat reduction, including water irrigation, may be used for orchard management to prevent climate change-induced increasing temperatures.

Sorption of Soil Carbon Dioxide by Biochar and Engineered Porous Carbons.

CO2 is 45 to 50 times more concentrated in soil than in air, resulting in global diffusive fluxes that outpace fossil fuel combustion by an order of magnitude. Despite the scale of soil CO2 emissions, soil-based climate change mitigation strategies are underdeveloped. Existing approaches, such as enhanced weathering and sustainable land management, show promise but continue to face deployment barriers. We introduce an alternative approach: the use of solid adsorbents to directly capture CO2 in soils. Biomass-derived adsorbents could exploit favorable soil CO2 adsorption thermodynamics while also sequestering solid carbon. Despite this potential, previous study of porous carbon CO2 adsorption is mostly limited to single-component measurements and conditions irrelevant to soil. Here, we probe sorption under simplified soil conditions (0.2 to 3% CO2 in balance air at ambient temperature and pressure) and provide physical and chemical characterization data to correlate material properties to sorption performance. We show that minimally engineered pyrogenic carbons exhibit CO2 sorption capacities comparable to or greater than those of advanced sorbent materials. Compared to textural features, sorbent carbon bond morphology substantially influences low-pressure CO2 adsorption. Our findings enhance understanding of gas adsorption on porous carbons and inform the development of effective soil-based climate change mitigation approaches.

Studying long term relationship between carbon Emissions, Soil, and climate Change: Insights from a global Earth modeling Framework

The persistent increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, notably carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), since the mid-20th century has been a key driver of significant climate alterations. This study investigates the complex feedback mechanisms that both influence and are influenced by global climate dynamics, soil processes, and GHG emissions. Our statistical approach incorporates correlation measures, highlighting the limitations of such analyses, namely their inability to confirm causality, sensitivity to outliers, and the exclusive capture of linear relationships. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models reveal spatial variations in the relationship between environmental factors and GHGs, while Path Analysis aids in delineating direct and indirect influences among variables. The research pinpoints significant spatial heterogeneity in the impacts of economic and environmental factors on GHGs, underscoring the necessity of localized strategies for climate change mitigation and sustainable land management. This study also identifies potential threats to agricultural productivity due to soil degradation, which hinder climate adaptation efforts. Our findings advocate for a concerted global response to reduce GHG emissions and address the challenges posed by the interplay of climate change, soil dynamics, and GHG emissions.

High-Resolution Estimates of N2O Emissions from Inland Waters and Wetlands in China.

Inland waters (rivers, lakes, and reservoirs) and wetlands (marshes and coastal wetlands) represent large and continuous sources of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, in view of adequate biomass and anaerobic conditions. Considerable uncertainties remain in quantifying spatially explicit N2O emissions from aquatic systems, attributable to the limitations of models and a lack of comprehensive data sets. Herein, we conducted a synthesis of 1659 observations of N2O emission rates to determine the major environmental drivers across five aquatic systems. A framework for spatially explicit estimates of N2O emissions in China was established, employing a data-driven approach that upscaled from site-specific N2O fluxes to robust multiple-regression models. Results revealed the effectiveness of models incorporating soil organic carbon and water content for marshes and coastal wetlands, as well as water nitrate concentration and dissolved organic carbon for lakes, rivers, and reservoirs for predicting emissions. Total national N2O emissions from inland waters and wetlands were 1.02 × 105 t N2O yr-1, with contributions from marshes (36.33%), rivers (27.77%), lakes (25.27%), reservoirs (6.47%), and coastal wetlands (4.16%). Spatially, larger emissions occurred in the Songliao River Basin and Continental River Basin, primarily due to their substantial terrestrial biomass. This study offers a vital national inventory of N2O emissions from inland waters and wetlands in China, providing paradigms for the inventorying work in other countries and insights to formulate effective mitigation strategies for climate change.

Developing and validating an assessment tool to measure climate change knowledge among middle school students: preliminary findings in a Spanish context

Considering the crucial role of education in offering mitigation and adaptation strategies for climate change, there is a clear need for objective tools to assess its impact on the understanding of the issue among secondary school students. This paper describes the methodological design used to build and validate an instrument that explores secondary education students’ climate change knowledge. The design is organized into several steps: literature and document review; item design; Expert judgment; pilot testing; and instrument quality criteria analysis. Thus, a questionnaire comprising 27 4-points Likert scale items was designed. Two rounds of pilot testing and statistical analyses were conducted on the difficulty indexes, factor analysis, Spearman coefficient (flit-half method), and alpha coefficient. The result is an instrument with a degree of feasibility, validity and reliability suitable for comparative research as was found in a Spanish macro-study involving 6398 secondary school students. Preliminary results for the Spanish context are offered.

Nexus between climate change and mitigation approaches for sustainable development: a bibliometric review

Purpose Today’s world is struggling with the hardship of climate change that has drastically disturbed human life, wildlife and the earth’s biological system. This study aims to show how implementing climate change mitigation strategies and environmental protection measures can ensure sustainable development through collaborative efforts between governmental authorities and the nation’s populace. Design/methodology/approach An extensive literature review of studies is conducted from across the world concentrating on holistic, sustainable development, enabling a showcase of various conferences, action plans initiated and resolutions passed. VOSviewer software is used to quantify the results of bibliometric analysis and cluster analysis. A total of 260 research studies released between 1993 and 2022 on the Scopus platform are quantified in terms of topmost publications, collaborations among authors, citations index and year-wise publication. The search string has keywords including “climate change,” “sustainable development” and “environment protection.” Findings The study results revealed a steep increase in research publications in the last three years, from 2017 to 2021, which serves as the basis of the emergence of high-impact articles. The most cited document in this context throws light on assessing vulnerability to climatic risk and building adaptive capacity. It also draws attention to voluntary carbon markets’ rationale while condemning emission trading systems for climate change due to structural flaws, negative consequences and questionable emission-cutting effectiveness. Low energy demand, zero energy buildings and shared socioeconomic pathways should be implemented as strategies for sustainable development. Practical implications This study provides a significant opportunity to construct a valuable addition to mitigate climate change. Also, it shows a positive and significant correlation between mitigation and adaptation policies by analyzing publication efforts worldwide considering local climate risks and national adaptation mandates. Originality/value The originality of this study lies in its comprehensive approach, combining literature review, bibliometric analysis and cluster analysis to provide insights into current research trends, challenges and potential strategies for addressing climate change and promoting sustainable development. The study’s emphasis on the correlation between mitigation and adaptation policies adds practical significance to its findings.

The political value of letting hopes die

ABSTRACT Much recent philosophical discussion has explored the political value of holding onto certain hopes for shared ends. This paper considers whether there is correlative political value of letting go of certain hopes or at least of refraining from publicly affirming particular hopes for our collective future. For instance, recently a coalition of scientists and governance scholars have called on governments, international agencies, and other actors to agree to a moratorium on a controversial climate-change mitigation strategy known as solar geoengineering. They argue that there is no place for hope for a successful global solar geoengineering strategy in a just and inclusive climate policy portfolio. This paper asks: (i) what sort of demand are these coalitions making? (ii) Is giving up hopes the sort of thing that is warranted for people to do on the basis of these calls? And (iii) is this the sort of thing that can be legitimately demanded of others? Ultimately, I defend both the political value of our own letting go of certain hopes as well as the legitimacy of making such demands on others (at least in certain cases). This is because what I take people to be doing when they make such demands of others is not necessarily to get others to create new desires or to be more or less optimistic about a certain course of action; rather they are making such demands to outline the terms of continued political engagement as they work towards a shared future.

National variability in soil organic carbon stock predictions: Impact of bulk density pedotransfer functions

Accurate soil organic carbon storage (SOCS) estimation is crucial for sustaining ecosystem health and mitigating climate change impacts. This study investigated the accuracy and variability of SOCS predictions, focusing on the role of pedotransfer functions (PTFs) in estimating soil bulk density (BD). Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from the Korean Rural Development Administration (RDA database), which includes 516 soil horizons, we evaluated 36 widely-used BD PTFs, well-established formulas that estimate BD by considering soil properties, including soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (OM), sand, gravel, silt, and clay. These PTFs demonstrated varying levels of precision, with root mean squared errors (RMSE) ranging from 0.177 to 0.377 Mg m−3 and coefficients of determination (R2) from 0.176 to 0.658; hence, the PTFs have been classified into excellent, moderate, and poor-performing groups for predicting BD. Further, a novel PTF based on an exponential function of SOC was developed, showing superior predictive power (R2 = 0.73) compared to existing PTFs, using an independent validation dataset. Our findings reveal significant differences in SOCS predictions and observations among the PTFs, with a p-value <0.05. The highest concentrations of SOCS were noted in forest soils, considerably above the national average, highlighting the importance of tailored soil management practices to enhance carbon sequestration. These findings are crucial for refining PTF precision to improve the accuracy of national SOCS estimates, supporting effective land management and climate change mitigation strategies.

Modeling the carbon dynamics of ecosystem in a typical permafrost area

Climate change poses mounting threats to fragile alpine ecosystem worldwide. Quantifying changes in carbon stocks in response to the shifting climate was important for developing climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. This study utilized a process-based land model (Community Land Model 5.0) to analyze spatiotemporal variations in vegetation carbon stock (VCS) and soil organic carbon stock (SOCS) across a typical permafrost area - Qinghai Province, China, from 2000 to 2018. Multiple potential factors influencing carbon stocks dynamics were analyzed, including climate, vegetation, soil hydrothermal status, and soil properties. The results indicated that provincial vegetation carbon storage was 0.22 PgC (0.32 kg/m2) and soil organic carbon pool was 9.12 PgC (13.03 kg/m2). VCS showed a mild increase while SOCS exhibited fluctuating uptrends during this period. Higher carbon stocks were observed in forest (21.74 kg/m2) and alpine meadow (18.08 kg/m2) compared to alpine steppes (9.63 kg/m2). Over 90 % of the carbon was stored in the 0-30 cm topsoil layer. The contribution rates of soil carbon in the 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm soil layers were significantly small, despite increasing stocks across all depths. Solar radiation, temperature, and NDVI emerged as primary influential factors for overall carbon stocks, exhibiting noticeable spatial variability. For SOCS at different depths, the normalized differential vegetation index (NDVI) was the foremost predictor of landscape-level carbon distributions, which explained 52.8 % of SOCS variability in shallow layers (0-30 cm) but dropped to just 12.97 % at the depth of 30-60 cm. However, the dominance of NDVI diminished along the soil depth gradients, superseded by radiation and precipitation. Additionally, with an increase in soil depth, the influence of inherent soil properties also increased. This simulation provided crucial insights for landscape-scale carbon responses to climate change, and offered valuable reference for other climate change-sensitive areas in terms of ecosystem carbon management.

A Comprehensive Summary of the Application of Machine Learning Techniques for CO2-Enhanced Oil Recovery Projects

This paper focuses on the current application of machine learning (ML) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) through CO2 injection, which exhibits promising economic and environmental benefits for climate-change mitigation strategies. Our comprehensive review explores the diverse use cases of ML techniques in CO2-EOR, including aspects such as minimum miscible pressure (MMP) prediction, well location optimization, oil production and recovery factor prediction, multi-objective optimization, Pressure–Volume–Temperature (PVT) property estimation, Water Alternating Gas (WAG) analysis, and CO2-foam EOR, from 101 reviewed papers. We catalog relative information, including the input parameters, objectives, data sources, train/test/validate information, results, evaluation, and rating score for each area based on criteria such as data quality, ML-building process, and the analysis of results. We also briefly summarized the benefits and limitations of ML methods in petroleum industry applications. Our detailed and extensive study could serve as an invaluable reference for employing ML techniques in the petroleum industry. Based on the review, we found that ML techniques offer great potential in solving problems in the majority of CO2-EOR areas involving prediction and regression. With the generation of massive amounts of data in the everyday oil and gas industry, machine learning techniques can provide efficient and reliable preliminary results for the industry.

Quantifying Mangrove aboveground biomass changes: Analysis of conservation impact in blue forests projects using sentinel-2 satellite imagery

Achieving a precise assessment of the aboveground biomass (AGB) in mangroves is a critical foundation for sustainable management and carbon sequestration assessment within climate change mitigation strategies. Conserving existing mangrove forests can maintain and enhance AGB over time. This study used a support vector regression (SVR) model, and vegetation indices derived from Sentinel-2 data for a comparative analysis of mangrove AGB within conservation and restoration projects in Madagascar and Abu Dhabi Emirate. The results confirmed that the SVR model based on vegetation indices, once calibrated against the field inventory data, was effective for estimating mangrove AGB at project scale. For the Madagascar project, the model achieved an R2 of 0.81 and RMSE of 27.99 Mg ha−1 for the 2015 timepoint, and an R2 of 0.79 and RMSE of 32.82 Mg ha−1 for 2019. In Abu Dhabi, an R2 of 0.76 and RMSE of 20.51 Mg ha−1 in 2015 and R2 of 0.75 and RMSE of 22.29 Mg ha−1 in 2020 were obtained. The SVR model estimated a decline in AGB from 116.78 Mg ha−1 to 109.63 Mg ha−1 during 2015–2019 in Madagascar, representing a decrease of 7.15 Mg ha−1 (6.13%). While in Abu Dhabi, the average AGB was estimated at 37.51 Mg ha−1 in 2015 and 42.69 Mg ha−1 in 2020, indicating an increase of 5.18 Mg ha−1 (13.76%) which can be attributed to conservation efforts in this region. This study suggested that Sentinel-2 can facilitate the comparison of AGB changes before and after conservation efforts, enabling the quantification of long-term shifts in mangrove AGB.

Comparative Carbon Stock Potential of Indigenous Agroforestry Systems in Silte Wereda, Southern Ethiopia

Agroforestry system (AFS) is described as one of the promising mitigation options for climate change through its high carbon sequestration capacity. This study was conducted in Silite District; Southern Ethiopia to assess the unaccounted carbon stock potential of selected traditional agroforestry systems. The study assessed the carbon stock potential of AFS biomass and soil carbon pools. Biomass and soil samples were taken from temporary plots laid for this study, 20 × 20 m for home garden, 50 × 100 m for parkland, and 10 × 10 m for woodlot AFS. Height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were taken from the sample plots to estimate biomass carbon. Litter, herb, and grass samples were collected from 1 m2 quadrant within the main plot. The findings show that the total biomass carbon ranged from (1.28-7 Mg ha -1) though there was no significant difference among the systems and higher biomass carbon was attributed by parkland AFS while the lowest was woodlot. A significantly higher amount of SOC was recorded in home garden AFS along the two depths (82.5 Mg ha -1) than the other two systems and the lowest was attributed to parkland (41.7 Mg ha -1). Therefore, this traditional AFS should be supported for their contributions in climate change mitigation schemes as they can sequester a reasonable amount of carbon