Climate Change Adaptation Technologies Research Articles

Assessment of the financial performance and sustainability of water management companies in Spain from a quantitative and technological perspective (2018-2022)

Introduction: Water collection, treatment and distribution companies in Spain face challenges due to climate variability, obsolete infrastructures and the need for efficient water resource management. This study provides a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of the financial and operational performance of the sector, addressing climate change adaptations and innovative technologies, areas little explored in previous studies. Methodology: A quantitative analysis of financial and operational data from official sources was carried out, complemented by a literature review on water resources management and technological trends. Includes financial data collection and analysis, profitability assessment, and analysis of climate change adaptation technologies and strategies. Results and discussions: An improvement in the profitability of the sector was observed, due to efficient management and modernisation of infrastructures. Public-private collaboration and the adoption of innovative technologies, such as desalination and reuse of recycled water, are crucial to address climate challenges and ensure sustainability. It also highlights the need for a global approach to water management due to the externalisation of water stress. Conclusions: In conclusion, it emphasises innovation and collaboration to improve water management in Spain, ensuring its sustainability and future resilience.

Weather Extremes Shock Maize Production: Current Approaches and Future Research Directions in Africa.

Extreme weather events have led to widespread yield losses and significant global economic damage in recent decades. African agriculture is particularly vulnerable due to its harsh environments and limited adaptation capacity. This systematic review analyzes 96 articles from Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, focusing on biophysical studies related to maize in Africa and worldwide. We investigated the observed and projected extreme weather events in Africa, their impacts on maize production, and the approaches used to assess these effects. Our analysis reveals that drought, heatwaves, and floods are major threats to African maize production, impacting yields, suitable cultivation areas, and farmers' livelihoods. While studies have employed various methods, including field experiments, statistical models, and process-based modeling, African research is often limited by data gaps and technological constraints. We identify three main gaps: (i) lack of reliable long-term experimental and empirical data, (ii) limited access to advanced climate change adaptation technologies, and (iii) insufficient knowledge about specific extreme weather patterns and their interactions with management regimes. This review highlights the urgent need for targeted research in Africa to improve understanding of extreme weather impacts and formulate effective adaptation strategies. We advocate for focused research on data collection, technology transfer, and integration of local knowledge with new technologies to bolster maize resilience and food security in Africa.

Effect of climate change of the quality of Citrus fruit produced in South Africa

Climate change is an observed reality with a significant impact globally. South Africa is not immune to this phenomenon. Like the rest of the world, South Africa experiences rise in mean air temperature and changes in rainfall trends. Since plant systems are influenced by weather, it is expected that climate change will have an effect on the production and quality of fruit. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of climate change on the quality of citrus fruit produced in South Africa. In conducting the study, historical fruit quality data was collected from packhouses in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces of South Africa over a period of 12 and 8 years respectively. Trend analysis was done on the data to determine whether there is a trend that can be observed over the period of data collection. The total soluble solids of fruit showed a marginal increase over the period of observation. Titratable acidity showed a marginal decrease. The incidence of sunburn on fruit seemed to increase over time. Other disorders like decay, creasing and oleocellosis did not show a definite trend of increasing or decreasing over time. Rind disorders seemed to decrease during the period of observation. This report discusses how the observed trends were influenced by changes in rainfall and temperature over the period of observation. It is then concluded that in this case study, the impact of climate change was not very profound and it had both negative and positive effects. The current results point toward a bleak future for citrus producers. To remain profitable, it may be necessary for producers to invest in climate change adaptation technologies. Key words: Climate change, citrus fruit, fruit quality, oleocellosis, titratable acidity

Adaptation to climate change: state of art technologies

PurposeThe world is increasingly threatened by climate change. As the dimensions of this danger grow, it becomes essential to develop the most effective policies to mitigate its impacts and adapt to these new conditions. Technology is one of the most crucial components of this process, and this study focuses on examining climate change adaptation technologies. The aim of the study is to investigate the entire spectrum of technology actors and to concentrate on the technology citation network established from the past to the present, aiming to identify the core actors within this structure and provide a more comprehensive outlook.Design/methodology/approachThe study explores patent citation relationships using social network analysis. It utilizes patent data published between 2000 and 2023 and registered by the US Patent and Trademark Office.FindingsStudy findings reveal that technologies related to greenhouse technologies in agriculture, technologies for combatting vector-borne diseases in the health sector, rainwater harvesting technologies for water management, and urban green infrastructure technologies for infrastructure systems emerge as the most suitable technologies for adaptation. For instance, greenhouse technologies hold significant potential for sustainable agricultural production and coping with the adverse effects of climate change. Additionally, ICTs establish intensive connections with nearly all other technologies, thus supporting our efforts in climate change adaptation. These technologies facilitate data collection, analysis, and management, contributing to a better understanding of the impacts of climate change.Originality/valueExisting patent analysis methods often fall short in detailing the unique contributions of each technology within a technological network. This study addresses this deficiency by comprehensively examining and evaluating each technology within the network, thereby enabling us to better understand how these technologies interact with each other and contribute to the overall technological landscape.

How open are African inventors? Open green technologies and patenting activities in Africa

Open green innovation is essential to accelerate decarbonization in Africa. The dearth of empirical evidence on the current trajectory of green innovation in Africa often hinders appropriate green innovation policy design. This study investigates the incidence of collaboration in inventive activities within Africa using the ‘designation of the inventor’ in the online European Patent database. We identify and assess open and closed climate adaptation and mitigation inventions using explorative and network analysis techniques. Our research shows that even though climate change adaptation technologies are more valuable, climate change mitigation technologies are more responsive to open innovation. We also discovered that the number of green inventions is slightly increasing, but there are very few collaborative open green inventions in Africa as many of the inventions are closed. These results accentuate the fragmented national innovation systems in many African countries. The lack of collaboration and the disconnect between universities and firms shows that most African knowledge institutions have not evolved into vibrant sources of firm learning for national economic development.

Understanding the Role of Farmers, Scientists, and Extension Staff in Developing Climate Change Adaptation Technologies in Tokachi and Okhotsk, Hokkaido, Japan

Understanding the Role of Farmers, Scientists, and Extension Staff in Developing Climate Change Adaptation Technologies in Tokachi and Okhotsk, Hokkaido, Japan

Incentives for promoting climate change adaptation technologies in agriculture: an evolutionary game approach.

Climate change adaptation technologies (CCATs) have become increasingly important for farmers as they face the challenges of climate change and natural disasters. Despite this, many rural areas still rely on traditional agricultural techniques. To promote the adoption of CCATs in agriculture, it is necessary to explore the incentives and conditions for the effectiveness of the policy. We develop an evolutionary game model to analyze the behavior of local governments and farmers in promoting CCATs. Our findings indicate that, under certain conditions, the promotion of CCATs can achieve equilibrium. The incentive for farmers to adopt CCATs increases within a certain range when local governments provide risk subsidies and cost sharing. When subsidies are too high, however, local governments may choose not to promote CCATs, which reduces the incentives for farmers to adopt them. Publicity is also an important factor in promoting CCATs. Our study provides insight into the development of policies aimed at promoting CCATs in agriculture.

Does climate vulnerability promote green investment under energy supply restriction?

This research investigates the impact of climate vulnerability on green investment using panel data of 107 countries over the period 1995–2019. We find that climate vulnerability reduces green investment in both climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation technologies. This finding holds up under a series of robustness tests and after taking into consideration the time lag effect, cross-sectional dependence, and endogenous problems. We further present that it is socioeconomic-related climate vulnerability that hinders green investment, whereas physical vulnerability does the opposite. Analyses of moderating channels show that the negative impact of climate vulnerability on green investment is more pronounced in countries with lower levels of adaptation readiness, economic development, and technical innovation, and higher levels of energy supply restriction.

Technology innovations and carbon neutrality in technologically advanced economies: imperative agenda for COP26

This article aims to fill the literature gap while examining the role of green innovation, climate change adaptation technologies, technological diffusion, and environmentally related tax revenues in dealing with carbon neutrality among seven technologically advanced economies (T.A.E.-7) from 1990 to 2018. We employ advanced panel estimators to address slope heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependency issues. The long-run results show that green technological innovations and technological diffusions have significantly and negatively impacted carbon emissions in sample countries. Meanwhile, the role of environmental policy is also significant in addressing environmental vulnerabilities. These findings suggest that climate tech is imperative to ensure carbon neutrality in the long run; however, their marginal effects vary in magnitude, particularly concerning diffusion and adaptation. Similar results are endorsed using alternative estimators addressing endogeneity issues and recommending climate tech’s inclusive framework to support the green growth agenda.

Indigenous and improved adaptation technologies in response to climate change adaptation and barriers among smallholder farmers in the East Wollega Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia

Agriculture is the foundation of economy for Ethiopia. The majority of people in the study area rely on rain-fed subsistence agriculture for their livelihood. As a result, smallholder farmers were more susceptible to climate change due to their reliance on a single rain season and lack of climate change adaptation technologies. The sustainability of food crop production, which employs the majority of the labor force in the nation, is threatened by climate change. The study's objectives were to look at indigenous and improved adaptation technologies in reaction to local climate change effects and barriers to adaptation among smallholder farmers. A closed-ended, semi-structured questionnaire was used to gather the data from 400 smallholder farmer household heads. An analysis of the variables influencing farmers' decisions regarding climate change adaptation was conducted using binary logistic regression model. The fitness and accuracy of the model were examined using an omnibus test of model coefficients. The study's findings showed that absence of crop insurance, a lack of training and demonstration, a lack of non-farm employment, a lack of weather forecasting and early warning, shortage of finance, the high price of farm inputs, and reliance on a single rain season were the main barriers preventing farmers from adapting to climate change. The most popular indigenous adaptation techniques used by smallholder farmers included mixed cropping of local variety, reducing social and religious rituals, mixed farming (local crop and livestock), and reducing the amount of food consumed. The primary improved adaptation strategies used by the farmers included the use of chemical fertilizers, various agrochemicals, and soil and water conservation methods. The binary logistic regression model's findings showed that access to extension services by household heads significantly and favorably influenced farmers' decisions to scale back social and religious rituals, reduce food consumption, sell livestock, and adopt improved mixed farming as a means of adapting to climate change. Farm experience significantly influenced the farmers’ decision to practice improved mixed farming; access to the market significantly affected farmers’ decision on soil and water conservation practices; and the age of the respondents significantly influenced the farmers’ decision to practice improved crop variety as a response to climate change adaptation. The study's conclusions showed that a number of factors limited farmers' attempts to adapt to climate change. The study recommends that decisions regarding adaptation plans should concentrate on reducing these barriers.

Household income improvement among Ghanaian livestock farmers: Does climate change adaptation strategies matter?

The adverse effects of climate change on livestock farming and how to overcome such effects is a situation that requires critical attention. In Ghana, livestock farming contributes to household welfare and economic growth; however, studies on livestock production are few. This study investigates the impact of climate change adaptation strategies on farm household income in Ghana utilizing data obtained from goat farmers. The endogenous switching regression (ESR) model is employed to achieve the study's aim. The results show that age, education, access to credit, extension visits, smartphone use, and peer influence significantly influence farmers' decision to adopt climate change (CC) adaptation strategies. Also, it is observed that the adoption of CC adaptation strategies increases farm and household income. The study recommended that policymakers, the national government, and NGOs should target promoting climate change adaptation technologies for rural growth. Our findings highlight that CC adaptation strategies can be a transmission route to enhance livestock farmers' livelihood.

Knowledge for a warmer world: A patent analysis of climate change adaptation technologies

Technologies can help strengthen the resilience of our economy against existential climate-risks. We investigate climate change adaptation technologies (CCATs) in US patents to understand (1) historical patterns and possible drivers of innovation; (2) scientific and technological requirements to develop and use CCATs; and (3) CCATs’ potential technological synergies with mitigation. First, in contrast to mitigation, innovation in CCATs only slowly takes off, indicating a relatively low awareness of investors for solutions to cope with climate risks. We discuss how historical trends in environmental regulation, energy prices, and public support may have contributed to patenting in CCATs. Second, CCATs form two main clusters: science-intensive ones in agriculture, health, and monitoring technologies; and engineering-intensive ones in coastal, water, and infrastructure technologies. Analyses of technology-specific scientific and technological knowledge bases inform directions for how to facilitate advancement, transfer and use of CCATs. Lastly, CCATs show strong technological complementarities with mitigation as more than 25% of CCATs bear mitigation benefits. While not judging about the complementarity of mitigation and adaptation in general, our results suggest how policymakers can harness these technological synergies to achieve both goals simultaneously.

The Role of Women in Climate Change Adaptation Technologies for Community Water and Sanitation Projects in Navakholo Sub County, Kenya

This research dealt with the role of women in climate adaptation technology in community water and sanitation projects in navakholo constituency, Kenya. The study used descriptive survey research design and it targeted women in the community where the technologies we being used. A sample of 234 respondents which is 10% of the universe was used to collect data and simple random sampling technique used to identify the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaire. The study used Cronbach’s alpha Coefficient ( 0.796) to measure the internal consistency of the questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential methods of data analysis were used in analysis of quantitative and qualitative data . Results indicate that t here was a statistically significant difference between groups as determined by one-way ANOVA (F (4,151) = 597.190, p = 0.000). In addition, there was positive and significant influence of community alternative energy sourcing on the role of women in climate adaptation technologies in water and sanitation projects (β= 0.0.684; t = 5.515; p < 0.05). There was positive and significant influence of spring protection on the role of women in climate adaptable technologies in water and sanitation projects (β= 0.0.111; t = 6.324; p < 0.05). There was also positive and insignificant influence of rainwater harvesting technologies on the role of women in climate adaptation technologies in water and sanitation projects (β= -0.051; t = 13.331; p < 0.05). However, there was a negative but insignificant influence of ventilated pit latrine on the role of women in climate adaptation technologies (β= -0.057; t = -.860; p > 0.05) from the regression equation determined as Y = -0.051+0.111X 1 -0.057X 2 + 0.269X 3 +0.684X 4 . The study findings will significantly inform Government and policy makers’ in improving policies that support role of women in climate adaptation technologies to provide ecological, economic, social and cultural benefits for present and future generations in gender and climate issues.

Climate variability, innovation and firm performance: evidence from the European agricultural sector

Abstract It is generally accepted that adaptation to climate variability requires a technological advancement strategy. However, the innovation process has received little explicit consideration in this framework. We employ a panel endogenous switching regression model to explore whether and to what extent climate variability affects firm performance through the ability to induce the development of adaptation innovations in key resource-based sectors in Europe during the period 2007–2017. Our findings confirm that the knowledge generation process at the heart of climate change adaptation technologies enhances firm performance, especially for firms in the aquaculture and fishing sub-sectors in northern European countries.

The Impact of Population Growth on Natural Resources and Farmers’ Capacity to Adapt to Climate Change in Low-Income Countries

Population growth and natural resources are intricately linked and play role in climate disruption and farmers’ ability to adapt to climate change especially in developing countries with rapid demographic changes and economies mostly dependent on natural resources. Although literature exists on population issues, emphasis was given to positive roles of population growth providing only incomplete picture for stakeholders and policy makers. This constrained climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies, improving food security and attaining sustainable development goals. We reviewed publications on low-income countries with emphasis on sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. This review will bring forth often sidelined issue of population growth for decision-makers and future research in the context of achieving sustainable development goals of the United Nations for 2015–2030. Therefore, this review was initiated to reveal the impacts of population growth on natural resources and to uncover farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change in low-income countries. Rapid population growth continues to be a major underlying force of environmental degradation and a threat to sustainable use of natural resources. It reduces the quality and quantity of natural resources through overexploitation, intensive farming and land fragmentation. Regions with high population pressure face scarcity of arable land, which leads to shortened/removed fallow period, declining soil fertility and farm income due to farm subdivision. Furthermore, landless individuals or those who operate small farms resettle or cultivate marginal lands, encroach on natural forests in search of more vacant land, which alters carbon source sink dynamics of the environment. Low farm income from small farms not only exacerbates food insecurity of farmers but also constrains their ability to adopt certain climate change adaptation technologies. All stakeholders should take swift actions to address challenges of rapid population growth and alter the dynamics between population, natural resources and climate change and its adaptation.

Protecting Soft Adaptation Technologies Under Intellectual Property Rights Systems

Technology can be of both ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ in nature. While both kinds of technologies are applicable for climate change mitigation technologies, the latter kind is more appropriate for climate change adaptation. This is because unlike mitigation technologies, most of the adaptation methods involve some form of technology that broadly cannot be considered as mere product or equipment. Instead, these technologies are broadly considered as various forms of ‘knowledge’ or ‘know-how’. While the mostly ‘product’ or ‘tool’ based ‘hard’ kinds of mitigation technologies are protected by intellectual property rights (IPRs) and brings financial benefit to the IPRs holders, typically ‘knowledge’ or ‘information’ based ‘soft’ kinds of adaptation technologies are vastly considered as ‘public good’, which are not protected by IPRs, nor bring any financial profit for the knowledge generators or the original knowledge holders. This paper assesses whether these soft kind of ‘knowledge’ or ‘know-how’ climate change adaptation technologies can be brought under modern IPRs system as such considered as commercially valuable. The study suggests some modification of existing system, where necessary. Finally, the study suggests introducing a ‘sui generis’ protection for community knowledge or traditional knowledge adaptation technologies.

Building resilience to shocks of climate change in Ghana's cocoa production and its effect on productivity and incomes

Climate change is happening and cocoa producers are aware of its causes as well as its effects on their farms. However empirical evidence has revealed that a small number of farmers adopt climate change adaptation technologies to build resilience to the shocks meted out to them by climate change. In this paper, using data from Ghana, we employ propensity score matching to control for selection bias and to analyse adoption of adaptation technologies, its determinants as well as impact on cocoa productivity and incomes. The results showed that most cocoa farmers do not adopt climate change adaptation technologies and for those who adopt some technologies, diversification of income sources was the major innovation. Also, eight factors including gender, age of respondent, involvement in other economic activities, farm size, membership of a farmer association, access to extension service, access to credit as well as annual income from cocoa production were found to significantly influence adoption of climate change adaptation technologies. Finally, cocoa farmers who adopted climate change adaptation technologies recorded significantly higher farm productivities and incomes vis-à-vis non-adopters. To build resilience, cocoa farmers are encouraged to join farmer based organizations and extension officers should be supported to be able to reach out to farmers to educate them on climate change resilience technologies.

水稲以外の作物における気候変動への土壌肥料的適応技術 2. 適応技術研究の現状：露地野菜

水稲以外の作物における気候変動への土壌肥料的適応技術 2. 適応技術研究の現状：露地野菜

水稲以外の作物における気候変動への土壌肥料的適応技術 1. 適応技術研究の現状：果樹

水稲以外の作物における気候変動への土壌肥料的適応技術 1. 適応技術研究の現状：果樹

水稲以外の作物における気候変動への土壌肥料的適応技術 3. 適応技術研究の現状：畑作物

水稲以外の作物における気候変動への土壌肥料的適応技術 3. 適応技術研究の現状：畑作物