Clifton Forge Research Articles

On Listening to My Father Sing, and: Where the Next Poem Is

On Listening to My Father Sing, and: Where the Next Poem Is Morgan Blalock (bio) ON LISTENING TO MY FATHER SING What that song is made of:ethanol, red dirt, throbbingfingers, the biggest porch you ever seen— whose father doesn't knoweach word to every kind ofblues there ever was? Our house got death letter blues, got brokedown engine blues, got downhearted,got travelers' blues: lined up, shot at with the Colt that soredmy shoulder. Son House,Blind Willie, Mississippi John wail around woodstack, Miss Dolly humsJolene's name left of propanetanks, Robert Johnson behind the brick pile. Twenty-some years, must'vebeen a hundred times Fathertold me all I need is a black cat bone [End Page 66] and some mojo; must've beencountless days of backbreakingwork he ran through Muddy's dirty bass. Wiki says a black cat bonepromises good luck, rebirth,success in love, wards off an evil eye. Guess my father lived adifferent life than I made up.To obtain a black cat bone: first catch the cat, boil it alive—midnightonly—and better be sure youpicked it right. Father says you'd hold the bones up front of a mirror, choose darkestreflection. See, he hasn't alwaysbeen here, making sure I know everybody's got to fall at their crossroadin order to pray and get back up, to seek, take aim. [End Page 67] WHERE THE NEXT POEM IS On the barest pantry shelf, where preserves crowdbefore summer jams heavy on us. At the core of the question Mother asks each July:Little girl, when did it get so bad? Inside three years in which I watched your bodymean things outside of speech. Second floor of the once-house where the sweetestblackest wine is stored in jugs near bathtub below half roof, filled up half-clearwith rainwater and ash, with light. Near the (now collapsed) kilns where WilliamBurrell lost both legs in a rockslide and bled fourteen minutes on the road to C&OHospital in Clifton Forge, 1941. At the moment Rodney Jones wrote and this iswhen it's not language; how I remember you standing apart from me acrossthe white yard grown impossible. [End Page 68] Morgan Blalock Morgan Blalock graduated from Hollins University in Roanoke, Virginia, but now lives in South Park, Colorado. You can find her work in CutBank, The Adroit Journal, Collision, and Prairie Margins. Copyright © 2017 Berea College

Architectural acoustics illustrated, animated, designed, and built

In this line of pedagogy, architectural acoustics is filtered through the graphic and built language of architecture. First, a series of animations were created to explain room acoustics to architecture students. The impulse response as a concept is inherently spatial and dynamic. It can be explained with text, and it can be explained more clearly when illustration is included, but because the path of sound and the loudness at a receiver fluctuates with time, it can be best explained with a narrated animation (available online). Second, the physics of sound, room acoustics, and noise control were illustrated as part of a book, Architectural Acoustics Illustrated (Wiley, 2015). Building material choices, spatial relationships, best-practices, and data were explored through drawing; non-obvious and counter-intuitive graphic findings are presented. Finally, 15 architecture students explored room acoustics through ray tracing and auralization software. Then they designed and built an amphitheater for the town of Clifton Forge, Virginia. The completed project was widely published, was the subject of a documentary film, and earned award recognition from the American Institute of Architects.

The Present Distribution of Chestnut in the Upland Forest Communities of Virginia

STEPHENSON, S. L., H. S. ADAMS AND M. L. LIPFORD (Department of Biology, Fairmont State College, Fairmont, WV 26554, Division of Arts and Sciences, Dabney S. Lancaster Community College, Clifton Forge, VA 24422, and Division of Natural Heritage, Department of Conservation and Recreation, Richmond, VA 23219). The present distribution of chestnut in the upland forest communities of Virginia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 118: 24-32. 1991.-The present distribution of American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marsh.] Borkh.) as a component of upland forest communities in the mid-Appalachians was investigated in three different areas of western Virginia. Two of these (Alleghany County and the Mountain Lake area of Giles County) are within the Ridge and Valley physiographic province and the third (Shenandoah National Park) is in the Blue Ridge province. Quantitative data on composition and structure of the vegetation and various topographic variables were analyzed using correlation analysis and DCA ordination. The results of these analyses indicate that the present distribution of chestnut is strongly correlated with elevation and site moisture conditions. In general, chestnut was much less abundant (only 192 stems/ha) in Alleghany County (mean elevation of 39 stands = 645 m) than in either Shenandoah National Park (532 stems/ha) or Giles County (770 stems/ha), where sampled stands occur at mean elevations of 882 m (20 stands) and 1079 m (43 stands), respectively. Maximum density of chestnut (>2500 stems/ha for some stands) occurred on subxeric sites, particularly midto upper slope positions on southern exposures. In all three areas, chestnut was conspicuously absent from most mesic sites.

A one-visit obturator technique for infants with cleft palate

3. A single sheet of yellow beeswax (Byte Ryte yellow bite wax, Mizzy, Inc, Clifton Forge, VA) is placed in hot water, 120”F, to soften. It is then moulded into a soft, round mass approximately the size of the roof of the child’s mouth (Fig 1). The wax is placed into warm water again to temper it to a workable consistency before putting it into the mouth. The index and middle fingers of one hand are used to carry the wax into the mouth. Slight pressure is applied to seat the wax into the defect and to register an impression of the palatal defect and soft peripheral tissues. The other hand is used to manipulate the cheek to mold the peripheral borders. The impression is removed and chilled in cold water (Fig 2). The impression is poured in model stone, and the cast is trimmed. This cast is used to fabricate the obturator (Fig 3).

A comparison of compressive strengths of six cavity base materials

W hen choosing a cavity base it is necessary to consider the ability of the material to withstand the force of mastication and the pressure of insertion of the restoration. Studies have suggested that the minimum compressive strength required to support the insertion of a restoration is 100 to 170 psi.’ The newer calcium hydroxide bases and zinc oxide-eugenol materials have been found to withstand the force of condensation of direct gold.2 Several new or reformulated commercial calcium hydroxide products have become available for use as a cavity base. These products are NuCap (Coe Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, Ill.), Life Fast Set (Kerr/ Sybron, Romulus, Mich.), and Dycal Advanced Formula II (L.D. Caulk Co., Division of Dentsply International Inc., Milford, Del.). Some dentists prefer to use a zinc oxide-eugenol material for a cavity base. Cavitec (Kerr/ Sybron) and IRM (L.D. Caulk Co.) products were selected to be representatives of this type of base. Zinc phosphate cement has been used as a standard for comparing strengths of cement bases. Fleck’s (Mizzy, Inc., Clifton Forge, Va.) cement was chosen because it is the most popular commercially available product of this type.* Table I. Compressive strengths of six products at 7-minute and 24-hour periods

The effectiveness of pins with complete cast metal crowns

T he basic retentive elements in complete cast metal crown preparations are height, convergence, and surface area. Surface roughness of the casting and the cavity walls also contributes to retention, but to a lesser degree. Adhesive strength of the cementing medium aids retention, but this depends on the choice of product. Adequate retention form is difficult to attain for short, malpositioned, and malformed crowns. Auxiliary retention with cement keys for such crowns is effective.’ Cement keys are not widely used, probably because of lack of familiarity with the technique. Nevertheless, short, malpositioned, and malformed crowns are a fairly common problem in dental practice. An effective, common, and convenient technique is needed to increase the retentive strength of abnormal crowns. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the use of pins to increase the retention of crowns. testing machine. After thoroughly cleaning the crowns and teeth, the crowns were cemented to the preparations with zinc phosphate cement (Mizzy, Inc., Clifton Forge, Va.) according to the manufacturer’s directions. After initial setting of the cement (5 minutes), all samples were stored in 100% humidity at 37” C for 24 hours. Retentive strength was tested with the Instron Universal Testing Machine (Instron Corp., Canton, Mass.) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 cm/min.

Regional Cathodoluminescent Cement Zonation Related to Upland-Sourced Paleoaquifers: Devonian Helderberg Carbonates and Clastics, Central Appalachians: ABSTRACT

Cathodoluminescent zonation in shallow burial calcite cements of the Keyser and New Creek Limestones (lower Helderberg Group, Upper Silurian-Lower Devonian) in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland can be mapped regionally. Regional distribution of cement zones coincides with the distribution of easterly derived sandstone tongues within the carbonate sequence. In southwestern Virginia, calcite cements in limestones subjacent and laterally equivalent to the Clifton Forge and Healing Springs Sandstones show cathodoluminescent zonation of nonluminescent (earliest cement) to bright to dull or subzoned dull (last shallow burial cement). Noneluminescent cements are Mn2+ and Fe2+ poor and precipitated from oxidizing meteoric pore fluids; bright cement (Mn2+-rich) reflects more reducing pore fluids; dull cement (Fe2+-rich) precipitated from most reducing shallow to deeper burial pore fluids. Nonluminescent-bright-dull zonation grades abruptly into correlative subzoned dull cement downdip from sandstone tongues. Further downdip, subzoned dull cement grades into dull (nonzoned) cement. Limestone adjacent to the Elbow Ridge Sandstone (West Virginia and Maryland) lacks nonluminescent and bright cement but has subzoned dull cement that grades into dull cement westward. Clear rim cement on scattered pelmatozoan grains in the Clifton Forge, Healing Springs, and Elbow Ridge Sandstones have complexly zoned nonluminescent and bright cements. Quartz grains have pressure-solved contacts and are cemented by dully luminescent, deep b rial cement. Predominance of deep burial Fe-rich cement in sandstone indicates that they remained open during shallow burial diagenesis and that sandstone tongues acted as conduits for oxidizing meteoric ground waters recharged from tectonic highlands. Downdip from sandstone tongues, subzoned dull and nonzoned dull cements precipitated from reducing meteoric ground waters distant from subareal recharge areas. Precipitation of shallow burial zoned cements ceased when recharge areas were buried by thick Devonian clastics (Ridgeley Sandstone, Huntersville Chert, Millboro Shale) or when burial removed the sediments from the effects of upland sourced meteoric ground waters. Final porosity occlusion in the limestone is by deep burial, clear, Fe-rich calcite cement (dull luminescence), Fe-ric saddle dolomite, silica cement, and rare fluorite. This study emphasizes the importance of (1) tectonic uplands as recharge areas for aquifers involved in cementation; (2) potential of interlayered sandstones in carbonate sequences to act as permeable conduits for meteoric ground waters because they are less susceptible to calcite cementation than associated lime grainstones; and (3) documenting regional cathodoluminescent zonation of porosity-occluding shallow burial calcite cements in potential reservoir facies prior to hydrocarbon migration. End_of_Article - Last_Page 452------------

Second revision of American Dental Association Specification No. 4 for Dental Inlay Casting Wax

Revisions o f the American Dental Asso­ ciation specifications for dental materials are usually made as test methods, mate­ rials and uses are developed. T he “ Pro­ cedure for Formulating and Revising American Dental Association Specifica­ tions” is given in American Dental Asso­ ciation Specifications for Dental Materials 1960-1961} Usually a subcommittee o f the Specifications Committee o f the D en­ tal Materials Group (International Asso­ ciation for Dental Research) is given the task of revising or formulating a specifica­ tion. This tentative revision or formula­ tion serves as the basis for the various steps involved in processing a specification to completion. The subcommittee in­ volved in the revision o f the American Dental Association Specification No. 4 for Inlay Casting W ax included George C. Paffenbarger, senior research associate, American Dental Association Research Division, National Bureau o f Standards, Washington, D . C., chairman; William H. Crawford, dean, School of Dentistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; William F. Talbot, formerly vice-presi­ dent for research, Kerr Manufacturing Company, Detroit; J. R . Reasonberg, chief, research and development, Mizzy, Inc., Clifton Forge, V a .; Frank J. Demsko, chief chemist, The S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Company, Prince Bay, Staten Island, N. Y .; and John W. Stanford, research associate, American Dental Association Research Division, National Bureau o f Standards, Washing­ ton, D . C., secretary.

Reflection of Provenance in Heavy Minerals of James River, Virginia

ABSTRACT A study of samples of sand collected from the James river of Virginia between Clifton Forge, Alleghany County, and Smithfield, Isle of Wight County, shows a distinct correlation between stream sediments and country rock of the adjacent drainage area. There is a marked difference in the mineral content of the sands derived from the rocks of the four principal physiographic provinces--viz., the sedimentary rocks of the Valley and Ridge, the igneous rocks of the Blue Ridge, the metamorphic rocks of the Piedmont, and the sedimentary rocks of the Coastal Plain.

CYST OF THE OPTIC NERVES AND CHIASM ASSOCIATED WITH AN EPITHELIOMA OF RATHKE'S POUCH

History.—I. O. D., a girl, aged 12, was referred to the Memorial Hospital, Richmond, on Aug. 31, 1932, by Dr. S. P. Hileman, of Millboro, Va., because of frontal headache, progressive loss of vision, and drowsiness. Headache was first noticed six months previously, being occasional and not accompanied by nausea or vomiting ; school work was continued. The school nurse found subnormal vision and advised refraction. Glasses were fitted in June by Dr. Frank Wysor, of Clifton Forge, Va., who furnished the following notes : My records show that I. O. D. was sent to me for refraction on May 31, 1932, and that her vision at that time was 20/40. Under atropine cycloplegia her error was found to be + 0.75 sphere with + 0.75 cylinder axis 90 degrees in each eye, and vision was improved to 20/30 plus. Nothing pathologic was noted in the fundi. No check-up of the visual fields

City of Clifton Forge v. Virginia Western Power Co. March 17, 1921. [106 S. E. 400.

City of Clifton Forge v. Virginia Western Power Co. March 17, 1921. [106 S. E. 400.

Virginia-Western Power Co. v. Commonwealth ex rel. City of Clifton Forge et al. June 12, 1919. [99 S. E. 723.

Virginia-Western Power Co. v. Commonwealth ex rel. City of Clifton Forge et al. June 12, 1919. [99 S. E. 723.

The Town of Clifton Forge v. The Brush Electric Company and Others. Decided at Richmond, November 21, 1895

The Town of Clifton Forge v. The Brush Electric Company and Others. Decided at Richmond, November 21, 1895

Town of Clifton Forge v. The Alleghany Bank and Others. Decided at Richmond, November 21, 1895

Town of Clifton Forge v. The Alleghany Bank and Others. Decided at Richmond, November 21, 1895