Client Tier Research Articles

ONLINE ORGAN DONATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The Online Organ Donation Management System (OODMS) is developed mainly for general hospitals (GH), clinics and other health centers to manage the donor registration and user maintenance. It is an online system which only can be access or valid in Malacca state. The public can retrieve information about organ donation in this web site. People who interested can register themselves through this system. The application will be processed by the administrator and each donor will receive feedback about their application status. Furthermore, the authorized user's account will be maintained by the administrator. The donor record will be managed by four main users such as administrator, doctor, medical assistant and management staff. Only administrator has the authority and privileges to print organ list report and total donation report according to district from this system. The methodology of this system is Structured System Analysis and Design (SSADM). An analysis study has been done based on the current manual system and all the problems statements and requirements have been identified. Moreover, OODMS is three tier architecture system which involves client tier, business tier and database management tier. The interfaces for OODMS have been designed according to the requirement and needs of the current market Rather than that, this system also has been tested and evaluated in real life. This Online Organ Donation Management System will help to improve the performance of current situation and overcome the problems that arise nowadays.

A Prescriptive Analytical Logic Model for Error Analysis on Enterprise Level of Software Application

Despite its multiple periods, Information Technology (IT) continues to accelerate its growth. Today, the great bulk of corporate operations rely heavily on software programs. Particularly for businesses that rely on the software application to handle a high volume of commercial transactions. As the volume of daily business transactions increases, it is undesirable to extend the downtime window associated with a malfunctioning software application. Regardless of the variety of variables or causes that can result in a severe error in a software application and consequent downtime. If the fundamental cause of a software application's unavailability can be reliably determined within the service level agreement (SLA) or even lower, the downtime timeframe can be reduced. However, the principal cause of the error could be within the software application layer or could be caused by an external factor. This complicates the root cause analysis procedure, much more so when dealing with an enterprise software application with many levels of security (such as a client tier, a web tier, an application layer, middleware, and database tier). In these circumstances, accurately identifying the root cause becomes far more challenging, as root cause analysis requires more than one event recording file (i.e., log file). With this degree of complication, the duration of the root cause analysis activity may be prolonged. The total amount of time required increases, and the rise in total analysis time suggests that it may take longer to restore the software service for users. It is essential to have a logic model capable of precisely identifying the error's root cause. The significance of the Prescriptive Analytical Logic Model (PALM) lies in the fact that it includes not only supervised learning for error detection and optimal treatment of the identified root cause but also AHP for prioritizing which errors to resolve first. The optimum treatment is to reduce the time required for root cause analysis procedures and increase their accuracy by resolving the legitimate error with the highest priority.

Interference-Aware Wireless Networks for Home Monitoring and Performance Evaluation

In this paper, a home Internet-of-Things system is analyzed by dividing it into four layers, i.e., the node layer, gateway layer, service layer, and open layer. The gateway layer, which supports a variety of wireless technologies and is the core of home wireless networks access unit, together with the node layer constitutes the home wireless network. A gateway prototype following the proposed architecture has been implemented. A testbed of an interference-aware wireless network which includes the gateway prototype has also been created for testing its user interaction performances. The experimental results show that both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth have an impact on the ZigBee communication. Considering the complex scene of home and building, ZigBee multihop communications are set to reduce the packet loss probability. In addition, an event-level-based transmission control strategy is proposed, in which the packet loss probability of wireless network is reduced by controlling the transmission priority of different levels of monitoring events, and optimizing the ZigBee wireless network channel occupancy. Note to Practitioners —The IoT in home and building automation has become a hot topic, and embedded intelligent home gateway is an important part of intelligent home system which mainly responsible for data exchange and protocol conversion between the node layer and the user client tier. In a wireless home network, intelligent home gateway mainly supports the wireless interfaces of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and ZigBee, and all of these wireless technologies work at the frequency band of 2.4 GHz, and among them, ZigBee technology is generally in the continuous working state. Hence, the adverse impact of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth on ZigBee wireless network is purpose for evaluation, which relating to the popularization of home wireless networks. This paper proposes a multi-interface gateway design method, the ZigBee networking process, an interaction principle for interference verification, and an ELT-based interactive control mechanism, respectively. A testbed of an interference-aware wireless network which includes the gateway prototype has also been created for performance evaluation. Node-to-node spacing, packet loss error and energy consumption performance tests have been done to realize the optimization of deployment and distribution of the home networking nodes. The results of this thesis lay a good foundation for further study and promotion of smart home network system.

DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D WEBGIS SYSTEM FOR RETRIEVING AND VISUALIZING CITYGML DATA BASED ON THEIR GEOMETRIC AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS BY USING FREE AND OPEN SOURCE TECHNOLOGY

Abstract. CityGML is considered as an optimal standard for representing 3D city models. However, international experience has shown that visualization of the latter is quite difficult to be implemented on the web, due to the large size of data and the complexity of CityGML. As a result, in the context of this paper, a 3D WebGIS application is developed in order to successfully retrieve and visualize CityGML data in accordance with their respective geometric and semantic characteristics. Furthermore, the available web technologies and the architecture of WebGIS systems are investigated, as provided by international experience, in order to be utilized in the most appropriate way for the purposes of this paper. Specifically, a PostgreSQL/ PostGIS Database is used, in compliance with the 3DCityDB schema. At Server tier, Apache HTTP Server and GeoServer are utilized, while a Server Side programming language PHP is used. At Client tier, which implemented the interface of the application, the following technologies were used: JQuery, AJAX, JavaScript, HTML5, WebGL and Ol3-Cesium. Finally, it is worth mentioning that the application’s primary objectives are a user-friendly interface and a fully open source development.

Secured Data Acquisition System for Smart Water Applications using WSN

Objectives: The paper presents a comprehensive system design and implementation of a prototype for secure data acquisition of water quality parameters in a real time basis using Wireless Sensor Network. Methods/Analysis: The design is based upon under-water sensors for measuring water parameters, interfaced to a Data Acquisition Board attached with a WSN mote. Layered architecture comprising of Mote Tier, Server Tier and a Client Tier has been employed. The system has been developed on TinyOS using TinyECC library and Matlab. Security service to provide data authentication employs a light-weight-key-generation scheme using ECC. A web based application facilitates visualization of sensor data. Findings: Following simulation in Tossim, the data acquisition application was ported to the WSN hardware with security primitives for data authentication. Field trials were carried out at World famous Dal Lake in Srinagar and data related to pH, Conductivity, ORP/Redox, Temperature, Turbidity and Oxidation was accessed remotely through the web application. For the purpose of recording the field location (Longitude and Latitude), a GPS sensor was also integrated to the WSN set-up. The water quality parameters acquired through the Data Acquisition System were correlated with the water quality test reports of standard labs. Energy and computational calculations were carried and benchmarked to ascertain the suitability of the system design considering the resource constraint nature of WSN. The product has the potential of becoming an important constituent of smart water applications as a requirement of smart city. Novelty/Improvement: The field deployable prototype serves as a generic model for monitoring the water quality of any water body like river ,lake , reservoir etc on a real time basis with the novel feature of employing sensor data authentication as a security service.

Four tier architecture of component selection process using clustering

A component is selected based on the function it provides in component-based software engineering (CBSE). Many techniques have been proposed for component selection under varied situations to select the optimal component from component set of same functionality. This paper proposes architecture for component selection after going through a brief survey of the component selection techniques. Here, architecture is divided into four tiers namely client requirements and system analysis tier, query and decision tier, application logic tier with clustering and component cluster tier. The current selection techniques using clustering suffers from major demerits of specifying the number of clusters beforehand and the selection process depending on subjective judgement of application administrators. The proposed architecture will be better as the need for apriori declaration of clusters will be eliminated and the cluster validation is performed to check the correctness of the clusters. This architecture is validated on a case study of set of sorting and searching components.

2-Tier Cloud Architecture and Application in Electronic Health Record

We find that there are serious problems in Cloud application development such as complex architecture and WS API, highly running cost, poor UI and interaction and so on, and that these problems stem from not fully utilized RIA’s (Rich Internet Application) advantages and inappropriate functionality segmentation between client-side and server-side. That is, Web services, application logic and transaction logic are overly concentrated on the server side; while on the client-side computing power has not been fully utilized. We propose a novel 2-Tier Cloud-ARchitecture (2TCAR), which contains RIA-based rich client tier and SimpleDB-based server-side Cloud tier. The rich client tier is maximized to implement most of functionalities of Cloud application and transaction logic; in contrast, the functionality in server-side Cloud tier is minimized to only implement data storage and query. The communication between these two tiers is also simplified via REST. In the article we researched corresponding technologies such as Cloud computing, Web services, REST, Flex in RIA and SimpleDB storage Cloud. In addition, we proposed how to use Flex to implement UI presentation & interaction, transaction logic, REST requests & responses in rich client tier; and we described how to design SimpleDB Cloud in server-side Cloud tier and communication between two tiers via REST. Last, a Cloud application system, which is called Cloud System of Electronic Health Records (EHR) for Orthodontics, is developed based on the research findings illustrated by the author in this paper. It has been shown that the 2TCAR is effective and valuable for Cloud application development.

Data Synchronization and Resynchronization for Heterogeneous Databases Replication in Middleware–based Architecture

Currently more and more web applications and telecommunication applications are required to be separation with database layer. A general solution is to employ a middleware-based architecture, including an application client tier, a database front end (DB-FE) tier, also called middleware tier, and a database backend (DBBE) tier. This paper mainly focuses on the issues of data synchronization and resynchronization in the case of failures for the architecture. Firstly, a synchronous update everywhere replication model and a replication 2-phase commit protocol (R2PC) are discussed, which can increase update success ratio of replication transactions through relaxing the commit constraints, and enhance DB-BEs’ availability using transaction retry and discard mechanisms. Then, a novel method using request logs is suggested for data resynchronization. The method only records the missing transaction requests for the unavailable DB-BEs in the DB-FEs and links the logs belonging to a site together, to reduce the resynchronization time. Moreover, the method doesn’t interrupt the normal transaction processing in the DB-BEs, so system throughput using request logs is higher than using transaction logs. Experiences validate that the suggested methods have better performance.

Development and implementation of an Integrated Water Resources Management System (IWRMS)

Abstract. One of the innovative objectives in the EC project BRAHMATWINN was the development of a stakeholder oriented Integrated Water Resources Management System (IWRMS). The toolset integrates the findings of the project and presents it in a user friendly way for decision support in sustainable integrated water resources management (IWRM) in river basins. IWRMS is a framework, which integrates different types of basin information and which supports the development of IWRM options for climate change mitigation. It is based on the River Basin Information System (RBIS) data models and delivers a graphical user interface for stakeholders. A special interface was developed for the integration of the enhanced DANUBIA model input and the NetSyMod model with its Mulino decision support system (mulino mDss) component. The web based IWRMS contains and combines different types of data and methods to provide river basin data and information for decision support. IWRMS is based on a three tier software framework which uses (i) html/javascript at the client tier, (ii) PHP programming language to realize the application tier, and (iii) a postgresql/postgis database tier to manage and storage all data, except the DANUBIA modelling raw data, which are file based and registered in the database tier. All three tiers can reside on one or different computers and are adapted to the local hardware infrastructure. IWRMS as well as RBIS are based on Open Source Software (OSS) components and flexible and time saving access to that database is guaranteed by web-based interfaces for data visualization and retrieval. The IWRMS is accessible via the BRAHMATWINN homepage: http://www.brahmatwinn.uni-jena.de and a user manual for the RBIS is available for download as well.

Orthodontic EMR Cloud Based on 2-Tier Cloud Architecture

Now for orthodontists there are no commercial orthodontic EMR systems suitable for their clinical needs in China, so we study orthodontist’s daily workflow, analyze the requirements, and finally develop the orthodontic EMR Cloud for Peking University School of Stomatology. We propose and adopt 2-Tier Cloud-ARchitecture (2TCAR), which contains rich client tier based on Rich Internet Application (RIA) and server-side Cloud tier based on SimpleDB, to develop the orthodontist’s EMR Cloud for orthodontics according to orthodontist’s workflow. In the 2TCAR the rich client tier is maximized to implement almost all functionalities of user interfaces and transaction logic in the EMR. Functionalities in server-side Cloud tier are simplified only to implement data storage and query. Communication between the two Cloud tiers is also simplified via REST. In the article we research corresponding technologies such as Cloud computing, REST, Flex in RIA and SimpleDB Cloud. Further, in the orthodontic EMR Cloud we use Flex to implement UI presentation & interaction, transaction logic, and REST requests & responses in rich client tier; then design SimpleDB Cloud in server-side Cloud tier, and communication between two tiers via REST. And the EMR Cloud is integrated with existing Resister, Ward and Drugstore information systems. The practice shows that the orthodontic EMR Cloud based on the 2TCAR can fit seamlessly into orthodontist’s daily workflow and effectively replace current paper medical records.

BisoGenet: a new tool for gene network building, visualization and analysis

BackgroundThe increasing availability and diversity of omics data in the post-genomic era offers new perspectives in most areas of biomedical research. Graph-based biological networks models capture the topology of the functional relationships between molecular entities such as gene, protein and small compounds and provide a suitable framework for integrating and analyzing omics-data. The development of software tools capable of integrating data from different sources and to provide flexible methods to reconstruct, represent and analyze topological networks is an active field of research in bioinformatics.ResultsBisoGenet is a multi-tier application for visualization and analysis of biomolecular relationships. The system consists of three tiers. In the data tier, an in-house database stores genomics information, protein-protein interactions, protein-DNA interactions, gene ontology and metabolic pathways. In the middle tier, a global network is created at server startup, representing the whole data on bioentities and their relationships retrieved from the database. The client tier is a Cytoscape plugin, which manages user input, communication with the Web Service, visualization and analysis of the resulting network.ConclusionBisoGenet is able to build and visualize biological networks in a fast and user-friendly manner. A feature of Bisogenet is the possibility to include coding relations to distinguish between genes and their products. This feature could be instrumental to achieve a finer grain representation of the bioentities and their relationships. The client application includes network analysis tools and interactive network expansion capabilities. In addition, an option is provided to allow other networks to be converted to BisoGenet. This feature facilitates the integration of our software with other tools available in the Cytoscape platform. BisoGenet is available at http://bio.cigb.edu.cu/bisogenet-cytoscape/.

A GPS-enabled wireless sensor network for monitoring radioactive materials

This paper presents a solution of nuclear radiation monitoring based on GPS-enabled wireless sensor network. The proposed nuclear radiation detection node keeps minimum size while ensuring the functions of communication, sensing, localization and calculation. The nodes are convenient to be installed indoors or outdoors, as well as to be mounted on mobile equipments. Multi-node topology is adopted among the nuclear radiation detection nodes with ZigBee multi-hop mesh routing protocol for communication, and acquisition data are transmitted to the client tier through wireless communication. Additionally, the graphic user interface combines with the navigational function based on digital map. The node position can be easily marked on the map by retrieving in situ GPS data from the monitoring area. In case of the position change of the node, it will update its position on the digital map automatically. The scheme supports both the continuous and the intermittent measurement mode. It can also apply a sleep mechanism to the nuclear radiation terminal nodes to minimize power consumption by using multiple timers, which will ultimately improve the lifetime of the whole system. The system has been put into the actual test application, and it will be used to protect various large-scale stadiums and public areas from potential radioactive dangers.

A Multi-Channel Approach For Collaborative Web-Based Learning

This paper describes an architectural framework and a prototype implementation of a web-based multi-channel e-Learning application that allows students, lecturers and the research communities to collaborate irrespective of the communication device a user is carrying. The application was developed based on the concept of ‘right once run on any browser’ for different range of devices including WAP Phones, Laptop/Personal Computer(PC), Pocket PC and Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs), on a three tier architecture – the client tier, web server tier and database tier. As supported in traditional classroom, some requirements for e-Learning were acquired and corresponding application modules to service each requirement were identified. A prototype application was developed for one of the modules – File Transfer module using Microsoft Visual Studio.Net platform. The architecture will serve as a reference for the research communities and software developers in the area of multi-channel support for e-Learning web application. The eLearning application when fully implemented will provide a basic platform for learning and enable students in remote locations have access to costly and scarce scientific equipment for carrying out experiments in the laboratory.

An Internet supported workflow for the publication process in UMVF (French Virtual Medical University)

The “ Université Médicale Virtuelle Francophone” (UMVF) is a federation of French medical schools. Its main goal is to share the production and use of pedagogic medical resources generated by academic medical teachers. We developed an Open-Source application based upon a workflow system, which provides an improved publication process for the UMVF. For teachers, the tool permits easy and efficient upload of new educational resources. For web masters it provides a mechanism to easily locate and validate the resources. For librarian it provide a way to improve the efficiency of indexation. For all, the utility provides a workflow system to control the publication process. On the students side, the application improves the value of the UMVF repository by facilitating the publication of new resources and by providing an easy way to find a detailed description of a resource and to check any resource from the UMVF to ascertain its quality and integrity, even if the resource is an old deprecated version. The server tier of the application is used to implement the main workflow functionalities and is deployed on certified UMVF servers using the PHP language, an LDAP directory and an SQL database. The client tier of the application provides both the workflow and the search and check functionalities. A unique signature for each resource, was needed to provide security functionality and is implemented using a Digest algorithm. The testing performed by Rennes and Lille verified the functionality and conformity with our specifications.

Multi-tier approach for data acquisition programming in the TJ-II remote participation system

Programming software to setup acquisition channels during device operation has been developed for the TJ-II remote participation system. The software follows a three-tier model. A first tier (client tier) groups client software containing only user interface code. A second tier (middle tier) includes code for authorization, authentication, and query processing. A third tier (data tier) consists of a relational database server for managing configurations. Multi-platform characteristics are provided by web browsers (client tier) and web servers (middle tier). This architecture avoids that data acquisition system controllers provide access control, database support, or graphic user interface resources. Therefore, computation capabilities of these systems can mainly be devoted to data handling. LabView (from National Instruments) has been used as programming language in the acquisition systems. This design allows a very transparent management of signals, independently on hardware modules and systems.

A concept of online monitoring for the Wendelstein 7-X experiment

Abstract Steady state operation of the Wendelstein 7-X fusion experiment makes it indispensable to visualize a representative portion of the measured data online. A three tier concept for online data monitoring is introduced and focused upon four main points: • the generation of representative raw monitoring data within a data acquisition tier without disturbing the data acquisition • the online analysis of all raw monitoring data by a monitor server tier including the synchronization of data from different sources • the visualization of the monitoring data by a monitor client tier for local and remote participation • the communication between the participating tiers The current prototypic implementation is presented and the techniques used as well as the benefits achieved are discussed.

Project management system for structural and functional proteomics: Sesame.

A computing infrastructure (Sesame) has been designed to manage and link individual steps in complex projects. Sesame is being developed to support a large-scale structural proteomics pilot project. When complete, the system is expected to manage all steps from target selection to data-bank deposition and report writing. We report here on the design criteria of the Sesame system and on results demonstrating successful achievement of the basic goals of its architecture. The Sesame software package, which follows the client/server paradigm, consists of a framework, which supports secure interactions among the three tiers of the system (the client, server, and database tiers), and application modules that carry out specific tasks. The framework utilizes industry standards. The client tier is written in Java2 and can be accessed anywhere through the Internet. All the development on the server tier is also carried out in Java2 so as to accommodate a wide variety of computer platforms. The database tier employs a commercial database management system. Each Sesame application module consists of a simple user interface in the client tier, corresponding objects in the server tier, and relevant data stored in the centralized database. For security, access to stored data is controlled by access privileges. The system facilitates both local and remote collaborations. Because users interact with the system using Java Web Start or through a web browser, access is limited only by the availability of an Internet connection. We describe several Sesame modules that have been developed to the point where they are being utilized routinely to support steps involved in structural and functional proteomics. This software is available to parties interested in using it and assisting to guide its further development.

A Web-Based Knowledge Management Environment for Consulting and Research Organizations

Consulting and research organizations are characterized by a project orientation, teamwork, a flat organizational structure, and a dynamically changing set of personnel roles and objectives. These organizations develop information content in the form of reports, various graphics, presentations, documents, and sometimes video and audio files that can be broadly defined as project artifacts. Knowledge is often defined by “best practices,” formalized procedures, and external connections. Although many organizations possess characteristics common to those of consulting and research organizations, the unique focus of consulting and research firms on knowledge, as one of the primary products offered to clients requires a knowledge management effort and technological infrastructure that support this unique focus. In this paper we present a Web portal-based knowledge management architecture designed to support the specific knowledge management activities prevalent in consulting and research firms. The architecture is composed of advanced computational techniques consisting of an XML-based repository of organizational artifacts, a software bus, groupware, a multimedia repository, and ontological reasoning. The Web portal is a view into groupware, search, and multimedia applications as well as normal Web functionality. The architecture is three tiered with the client tier consisting of a Web browser, a middle tier consisting of the support applications encapsulated in a portal, and a back tier containing the repositories and databases. An index/repository engine is used in the back tier to manage the contents of a separate index repository and an ontology repository. An ontology repository is used to store expressions that are a form of knowledge representation that can be queried. An index repository contains indexes to HTML and XML based Web pages containing organizational artifacts. The architecture represents a unified use of various technology components that, in concert, provide the functionality and integration of technology required by consulting and research firms to harvest and leverage the combined knowledge of their knowledge workers to provide better service to their clients.