Cleveland Heights Research Articles

Malcolm E. Kenney

Malcolm E. Kenney, 94, died Nov. 28, 2022, in Cleveland Heights, Ohio. “Malcolm’s extensive research career focused on phthalocyanines for applications as photodynamic therapy cancer treatments, organosilicon compounds for new materials, and silicates as sulfur dioxide adsorbents for coal gas emissions remediation. He received the R. Patrick Linstead Award in Phthalocyanine Chemistry in 2000. Malcolm published 30 patents and 200 papers and mentored numerous PhD students. He was an avid traveler, especially to Europe to visit sites of scientific interest. In addition to his scientific achievements, Kenney was a generous benefactor to the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Cleveland Orchestra, as well as the Open Doors Academy.”—John Protasiewicz, colleague and friend Most recent title: Hurlbut Professor Emeritus of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University Education: BS, chemistry, University of Redlands, 1950; PhD, inorganic chemistry, Cornell University, 1953 To recognize your late loved one or colleague, submit obituary information at cenm.ag/obits

Saving the Shaker Lakes: How an Alliance between Two Wealthy Suburbs and Cleveland’s Black Mayor Stopped the Clark Freeway

In the 1960s, the suburbs of Cleveland Heights and Shaker Heights protested the routing of an Interstate highway through their historic park. Known as the Clark Freeway, I-290 was meant to connect downtown Cleveland with the newer suburbs located beyond the city’s outer beltway. Fearing irreparable damage to their communities, a group of garden club women and a committee of citizen activists brought pressure on county, state, and federal officials to delay route selection. However, only after Cleveland Mayor Carl Stokes joined the fight, did Governor James Rhodes summon the political will to cancel the highway.

Establishing a Dementia-Inclusive Community: The Evaluation of Dementia Friends in Cleveland Heights

Cleveland Heights, in northeast Ohio, is currently working towards becoming a member of the Dementia Friendly America National Network. Utilizing the Dementia Friends curriculum to raise community members’ awareness of issues related to dementia is a key component of this initiative. Our initial efforts toward this goal targeted two sectors, namely community member and libraries. Participants completed on-line surveys at the beginning and end of each session. The surveys include the Brief Tool for Dementia-Friendly Education and Training Sessions developed by the Administration for Community Living. Of the 22 participants, nine had not previously attended a Dementia Friends session and completed both pre- and post-session surveys. Results indicated participants felt more confident interacting with people living with dementia at post-session compared to pre-session (t = -2.83, p=.022). Changes at the individual level may create more inclusive communities for people living with dementia and those who care for and about them.

1204: ONE CENTER’S SUCCESSFUL EXPERIENCE WITH ANTIBIOTIC DE-ESCALATION BASED ON ALVEOLAR CULTURES

1Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland Heights, OH 2Cleveland Clinic Foundation 3Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic

Through the Ivory Curtain: African Americans in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, before the Fair Housing Movement

This article examines the largely neglected history of African American struggles to obtain housing in Cleveland Heights, a first-ring suburb of Cleveland, Ohio, between 1900 and 1960, prior to the fair housing and managed integration campaigns that emerged thereafter. The article explores the experiences of black live-in servants, resident apartment building janitors, independent renters, and homeowners. It offers a rare look at the ways that domestic and custodial arrangements opened opportunities in housing and education, as well as the methods, calculations, risks, and rewards of working through white intermediaries to secure homeownership. It argues that the continued black presence laid a foundation for later advances beginning in the 1960s that made Cleveland Heights, like better-known Shaker Heights, a national model for suburban racial integration.

Robert Klotman: A Life of Musical Leadership

When Robert was inducted into the Music Educators National Conference Hall of Fame in 2004, the nominating statement read, Klotman is best known for his extensive work in string pedagogy, his leadership in professional organizations, and his teaching at Indiana (1) By this time, his career had spanned decades, and he had been active across the whole spectrum of music education from K-12 through university levels. Because of his forceful personality, his leadership skills, and his ability to anticipate the impact of new teaching ideologies, significantly influenced how stringed instruments are taught in public schools in this country. Perhaps most importantly, he had the vision to reach out internationally and helped to bring Suzuki violin pedagogy to the United States. Given the impact of Klotman's work on string education, it is appropriate to look beyond the formal trajectory of his career at his childhood and education, the people and ideals that motivated him, and the major life experiences that shaped his career. For music educators it is appropriate to search out, in particular, the distinct issues that were important to and to consider how his advocacy for those issues shaped the path of music education in the United States during the last half of the twentieth century. Robert Howard was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on November 22, 1918. (2) His parents, Louis Harry and Pearl (Warshawksy) Kaplan were immigrants from Tetiev, a small town in the Ukraine located approximately seventy miles southwest of Kiev. (3) In the late 1800s, many Jewish families from that region came to the United States, often settling in the Cleveland area. Louis and Pearl married on December 16, 1917, but divorced when Robert was young. (4) Pearl raised her children on her salary as the owner of a beauty shop. began his musical studies at the age of nine. He remembers his father as being a very musical person who could pick up and play the violin without any instruction. In his family, it was just as natural to excel in music as it was to work hard in academic subjects. (5) Robert sang in the school choir in the third grade. However, when he sang he wanted to hear himself over the other children's voices, so he would sing louder than anyone else. His teacher said to him, I've got a special job for you, and made him the curtain puller. Disappointed, he went home to his mother who stated, Don't cry. You've always liked to play the violin. Thus, attributes the beginning of his violin career to his third-grade choir teacher. (6) His mother could not afford for him to take violin lessons, so she worked out an agreement with a local violinist named Hyman Schandler of the Cleveland Symphony Orchestra. Pearl would style the hair of Schandler's wife in exchange for a weekly lesson for her son. Klotman's mother was supportive of his music lessons, requiring him to practice daily. Later, she said that had she known he would become a professional musician, she would have made him practice three hours per day instead of only one hour. (7) During the years 1932-36, attended Glenville High School in Cleveland Heights, a suburb originally settled by northern European immigrants. After World War I and during the Great Depression, this area became an epicenter of Cleveland's Jewish population. (8) Ralph E. Rush (1903-65) was Klotman's high school orchestra teacher and an early mentor. (9) Rush became the band and orchestra teacher at the school in 1933 and immediately led the orchestra to first division honors at the national orchestra competition in Madison, Wisconsin. (10) says that Rush eventually became a father figure for him. Rush was likely Klotman's first real influence in his career choice and instilled in him the responsibility of belonging to a professional organization and serving the profession. (11) [ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] According to Klotman, people are often curious as to why he attended the Methodist school Ohio Northern University. …

Lucien E. Morris, MD, Aqualumnus, Inventor, Academic and Historian

Lucien E. Morris, MD, Aqualumnus, Inventor, Academic and Historian

Eric Mendelsohn's Park Synagogue: Architecture and Community by Walter C. Leedy Jr. (review)

Reviewed by: Eric Mendelsohn's Park Synagogue: Architecture and Community by Walter C. Leedy Jr. Daniel Griesmer Eric Mendelsohn's Park Synagogue: Architecture and Community. By Walter C. Leedy Jr. (Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2012. 112 pp. Cloth $45.00, ISBN 978-1-60635-085-0.) Walter C. Leedy Jr. carefully examines the construction of the Park Synagogue in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, during the middle of the twentieth century in his book Eric Mendelsohn's Park Synagogue: Architecture and Community. Before World War II, the Anshe Emeth congregation, which was migrating to one of Cleveland's eastern suburbs, looked to gain a new vitality. The group believed this could be achieved by building an impressive new synagogue for the Jewish community. Eventually, it hired Eric Mendelsohn, a well-known architect who worked in both Europe and the United States. The structure he created represented the modernist design prevalent in the United States during the middle of the twentieth century. Rather than strictly focusing on the architectural history of this structure, the author also shows how this building reflected the larger social, political, and economic themes prevalent during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries for the Jewish community residing in the Cleveland area. By doing this, he is able to show how religion influenced and was influenced by the larger community around it. Initially, the membership of the Anshe Emeth congregation was small, but when Cleveland, like most other major American cities at the end of the nineteenth century, experienced a rapid influx of immigrants from eastern and southern Europe, membership increased. For a time, many Jews lived in Cleveland, but Leedy asserts that by the late 1930s, the center of the Jewish population began to migrate farther east, toward the Cleveland Heights area. [End Page 151] Because of this move, the congregation decided that it needed to build a newer synagogue to house its increasing number of members. After a competition in which local architects submitted designs for the new synagogue, the religious leaders employed Mendelsohn as the lead architect for the new structure. He came to Cleveland with specific design ideas for the impressive new building. He wanted to build something unique that would allow congregants to feel proud of their new synagogue. As he constructed his new building, he faced questions and concerns from members of the congregation, but he pushed forward with his original ideas. Leedy specifically shows how the architect wanted to build a synagogue that would be stunning, yet simple. To prepare this cogent history of the synagogue and its congregation, the author spent considerable time at the Western Reserve Historical Society in Cleveland, and he and his assistants examined many Cleveland newspaper articles, spanning 150 years, to gain a better sense of the history of Anshe Emeth. Thus, Leedy was able to gain a fuller understanding of how the congregation evolved throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It is this type of research that allowed the author to make this book more than a simple architectural history of a singular synagogue. By using the available primary and secondary sources and incorporating social, political, and economic subjects into his manuscript, Leedy gives a strong sense of how and why Anshe Emeth was able to survive and thrive for well over a hundred years and why the Park Synagogue came into being. Daniel Griesmer University of Akron Copyright © 2013 The Kent State University Press

Rain Barrel–Urban Garden Stormwater Management Performance

Accelerated stormwater runoff creates environmental problems in many urban communities. Methods for reducing this runoff are available, but most do not work well if soils are poorly drained. Analysis of a rain barrel implementation strategy that diverts only roof runoff, for which there is a beneficial garden use, is presented and illustrated with a case study application. This approach reduces operation to the growing season and requires that the rain barrel function to benefit the garden and to reduce runoff, but may improve homeowner acceptance and operation. General methods for quantifying and bounding system effectiveness are illustrated. Case study results indicate that a 50-gal. (189-L) rain barrel connected to 25% of a 2,000-ft2 (186-m2) residential roof and serving a 150-ft2 (14-m2) garden in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, would reduce the total roof growing-season runoff by 2.4–5.4% and the total annual roof runoff by 1.4–3.1%, depending on the irrigation strategy applied. Increasing garden and barrel size could increase the annual runoff reduction to 7.4%, but barrel capacity constrains additional reductions. These results illustrate the stormwater management limitations of rain barrels used in the case study location. The degree to which the analytical methods and results may be generalized to other communities is discussed.

The Unimportance of Spending: How Fractionalization Affects School Performance

This note provides an historical example that appears to illustrate how racial fractionalization reduces school district academic performance. Hall and Leeson (AJES, forthcoming) find a negative relationship between racial fractionalization and school district performance in a sample of Ohio school districts. Holding school district spending constant, communities that are more racially heterogeneous have lower passage rates on state proficiency exams. This finding is surprising because the theoretical work of Alesina, Baqir, and Easterly (QJE, 1999) suggests that racial fractionalization will lead to poor public sector performance because of a decline in spending. While they show that racial fractionalization does lead to reduced spending on education, they do not look at whether that leads to reduced school performance. The empirical results of Hall and Leeson suggest that the negative effect of racial fractionalization does not operate through spending but through some other mechanism. The following example from the Cleveland suburb of Cleveland Heights, taken from the work of historian Marian Morton (Cleveland Heights: The Making of an Urban Suburb, 2002), shows one way that racial fractionalization could result in lower school performance independent of spending. Cleveland Heights is a good example of a racially-fractionalized school district, as it is known nationally for its Int Adv Econ Res (2010) 16:130–131 DOI 10.1007/s11294-009-9238-3

Presentation of the 2008 Morris F. Collen Award to Robert A. Greenes

The American College of Medical Informatics is an honorary society established to recognize those who have made sustained contributions to the field. Its highest award, for lifetime achievement and contributions to the discipline now known more inclusively as biomedical informatics, is the Morris F Collen Award. Dr. Collen's own efforts as a pioneer in the field stand as the embodiment of creativity, intellectual rigor, perseverance, and personal integrity. At most once a year, the College gives its highest recognition to an individual whose attainments have, throughout a career, substantially advanced the science and art of biomedical informatics. In 2008, the College was proud to present the Collen Award to Robert A. Greenes, MD, PhD (Figure 1). ‘Bob’ Greenes, who like Dr. Collen himself was one of the pioneers in biomedical informatics, has had multiple achievements as a physician, computer scientist, researcher, educator, and eloquent spokesperson for the field. His career contributions make him most deserving of the recognition embodied in the Collen Award. Figure 1 Robert A. Greenes, M.D., PhD 2008 Collen Award Recipient. Bob was born on June 17, 1940 in Cleveland, OH. His parents owned a hardware store in the Polish neighborhood where he and his sister grew up. Upon graduation from Cleveland Heights High School, Bob did undergraduate work at the University of Michigan, where he majored in zoology and took a course in computing (Fig 2). He entered Harvard Medical School …

The Cracked Mirror: Features of Narcissistic Personality Disorder in Children

<P>The notion of character disorder in children remains highly controversial given unanswered questions regarding personality formation. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition, personality is defined as “enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to and thinking about the environment and oneself … when they are maladaptive and inflexible, they constitute Personality Disorders.” Currently, such disorders are “generally recognized by adolescence or earlier.” DSM-IV continues, however, by emphasizing corresponding diagnoses given to children and adolescents, such as Conduct Disorder, as an earlier equivalent to Antisocial Personality Disorder. Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD) has no such equivalent despite the acknowledgment that it develops earlier than 18 years. The ambivalence and ambiguity regarding personality disorder in children are further highlighted by the suggestion that one can apply the diagnosis of personality disorder to children if the traits are stable for at least 1 year and are not limited to a particular developmental stage. </P><H4>ABOUT THE AUTHOR </H4><P>Karen Kernberg Bardenstein, PhD, is with Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH. </P><P>Address correspondence to: Karen Kernberg Bardenstein, PhD, 12429 Cedar Road, Suite 18, Cleveland Heights, OH 44106; or e-mail <A HREF="MAILTO:kkbard@earthlink.net">kkbard@earthlink.net</a>. </P><P>Dr. Bardenstein has disclosed no relevant financial relationships. </P>

Robert Simha

Robert Simha, a groundbreaking polymer physicist and emeritus professor of macromolecular science and engineering at Case Western Reserve University, passed away peacefully on 5 June 2008 at his residence in Cleveland Heights, Ohio.Born in Vienna on 4 August 1912, Robert began his studies at the Polytechnic School in 1930 and transferred to the University of Vienna in 1931. Under thesis advisers Hans Thirring and Felix Ehrenhaft, he graduated with a PhD degree in theoretical physics in 1935. Robert chose his thesis topic, colloid hydrodynamics, in part from his discussions with Eugene Guth, a theoretical physicist. Guth was working with a dynamic interdisciplinary group directed by Herman Mark, which was studying the properties of polymers. Robert had the challenge of extending Albert Einstein’s viscosity theory of rigid spheres to higher concentrations and to ellipsoidal and flexible solutes. Thus began an influential line of inquiry in which he published extensively until 1981. In that field he collaborated with Samuel Weissberg, Jacques Zakin, and one of us (Utracki).In 1938 Robert obtained a postdoctoral position with and fellowship through Victor Kuhn LaMer at Columbia University. There he initiated groundbreaking research with Elliott Montroll on a kinetic theory of chain degradation processes. In 1942 Robert took a faculty position at Howard University and began a third seminal research direction, with Herman Branson, on the kinetics and statistics of copolymerization chain reactions. Next he moved to the National Bureau of Standards in 1945, where he and Leo Wall developed a theory of depolymerization, which was experimentally confirmed by Samuel Madorsky. The theory accounted for behaviors varying from random scission to unzipping with high monomer recovery. In 1951 Robert went to New York University’s department of chemical engineering, where he indulged a long-standing interest in statistical thermodynamics. With student Stuart Hadden, he used the cell theory of Ilya Prigogine to derive the equations of state of linear and branched paraffins. The paraffin work became the starting point for major explorations into the configurational thermodynamics of macromolecules and small molecules. Also, with Harry Frisch and Fritz Eirich, Robert developed a theory of adsorption of long chains from solution.Robert went on to the University of Southern California in 1958. There he and Ray Boyer worked on the equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of polymer glasses and melts; that work resulted in widely used correlations between the glass transition temperature and thermal expansivity. Robert’s most notable achievement, however, was with Thomas Somcynsky: They derived the cell–hole theory of chain molecule liquids, which correctly characterizes the temperature and pressure effects on specific volume (the PVT behavior) and on the lattice vacancy fraction—that is, the free-volume content.In 1968 Robert took a position at Case. With Alexander Silberberg and student Robert Lacombe, he studied the kinetics of cooperative processes in synthetic and biological macromolecular structures. Anh Quach was the first to show quantitative agreement with the cell–hole theory when he built a pressure dilatometer and carefully measured PVT behavior in two polymers—melt and glass. In his ongoing research on the theory, Robert worked with many international scientists. For example, he collaborated with Raj Jain (India) in successfully applying the theory to multicomponent systems. With Hankun Xie (China) and Chul Park (Canada), he extended it to gas solubility. Scientists worldwide were able to extend the cell–hole theory to more than 50 polymers. Using the computed hole fraction, Robert developed an approach to determining nonequilibrium properties. In collaboration with John McKinney, he demonstrated the partial freeze-in of free volume at the glass transition temperature. With Utracki, he investigated the correlation between the hole fraction and viscous flow, and with John Curro and Richard Robertson, Robert explored the kinetics of volume relaxation. He did research with Gianni Consolati, Franz Maurer, John McGervey, and one of us (Jamieson) on the relationships between hole fraction and positronium annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Working with Elisabeth Papazoglou, he developed a theory of elastic constants of polymer glasses that incorporated the stress dependence of free volume.Robert’s achievements were recognized in 1973 by the Society of Rheology, which awarded him the Bingham Medal. The American Physical Society presented him with the Polymer Physics Prize in 1981.Throughout his professorial career, until he retired in 1983, Robert was a gifted and highly popular teacher. Scientific discussions with him were enlivened by his droll sense of humor and encyclopedic knowledge of classical music, which was forever playing on an antique radio in his office. We will miss his sharp wit and poignant insights.Robert SimhaPPT|High resolution© 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Study Points to New Biomarker for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Diagnosis in Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Study Points to New Biomarker for Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Diagnosis in Children With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Grounded in Richness

Spring 2007 - Volume 11 Number 2 "Grounded in Richness" Acrylic and glass bead texture gel on canvas 12"x16" By Angelique B Sow Angelique B Sow is a Patient Services Clerk/Scheduler at the Cleveland Heights Medical Center in Ohio. Ms Sow is a licensed visual art

In the Shadow of the Suburban Dream: Black Struggles on the Urban Fringe

Andrew Wiese. Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004. xi + 411 pp. Figures, maps, notes, and index. $37.50 (cloth); $22.50 (paper). Shortly after African American businessman Alonzo Wright settled in his new Hampshire Road home in the 1930s, an exploding firebomb pierced the suburban calm he had sought in Cleveland Heights, Ohio, a leafy suburb atop the escarpment that rises six miles east of Cleveland. At the time, most of the five hundred or so blacks living in Cleveland Heights, an incorporated suburb of about fifty thousand, worked as domestic servants in the homes of affluent whites. Nearly four decades later, when the neighboring suburb of East Cleveland was in the midst of rapid racial transformation through spillover from the burgeoning black population in Cleveland's eastside neighborhoods, only 2 percent of Cleveland Heights' population was black. Nonetheless, even the modest influx of African Americans triggered a series of violent reprisals as some whites attempted to block racial change between the mid-1960s and early 1970s. Fearing the wholesale resegregation of their city, more progressive Cleveland Heights residents formed organizations such as the Heights Citizens for Human Rights and, later, the Heights Community Congress to promote racial tolerance and fair access to housing. In addition to real-estate industry monitoring, housing inspections, community improvement incentives, and local political advocacy, the latter organization persuaded the city council to commit itself to maintaining a racially integrated community, forging Cleveland Heights' modern national image as a socially responsible inner-ring suburb that avoided the worst ravages of white flight. By the end of the century, through the vigilance of civic activists, more than two-fifths of Cleveland Heights' population was African American. Yet despite their successes, the suburb's residents—black and white—had to grapple with sagging public schools and other problems faced by inner-ring suburbs across America in the wake of deindustrialization and white flight. For African Americans, then, living in suburbia often meant living in the shadow of the suburban dream.1 [End Page 594] The black migration to Cleveland Heights represents one pattern of black settlement in suburban America, yet it followed a long history of migration to the urban fringes. In his impressive study of black suburbs, Places of Their Own: African American Suburbanization in the Twentieth Century, Andrew Wiese unveils a hidden, or at least often overlooked, history, one that builds upon existing studies of urban racial change, black migrations, and suburban expansion yet offers a bold, original interpretation. As Wiese notes, most studies of suburbanization focus only on a cultural landscape marked by affluent whites in nuclear families who lived in single-family detached houses, subscribed to the ideals of domesticity, relied on their automobiles, and shopped in climate-controlled malls. Kenneth T. Jackson's canonical Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States (1985) epitomizes this tendency to view suburbia as a particularistic cultural landscape and neglect the complete physical extent of suburbia, which Wiese describes as a "variegated landscape" (p. 6). Additionally, scholars have tended to examine either neighborhood racial transition within central cities or the efforts of white suburbanites to confine African Americans within the city limits. Thomas J. Sugrue, for instance, directs his attention in Origins of the Urban Crisis: Race and Inequality in Postwar Detroit (1996) to the clashes between the "defended neighborhoods" of ethnic workers struggling to become middle-class whites and African Americans struggling to move out of the confines of Detroit's inner-city ghettos in a time of postwar de-industrialization. In contrast, Wiese prefers to view racial contests and tensions in suburbs as inseparable from those within the limits of central cities, encouraging a more metropolitan perspective than is possible in more spatially circumscribed studies. Likewise, existing studies of black migrations, notably James R. Grossman's Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners...

Research in Progress

Research in Progress Mary Ellen Chijioke and Barbara E. Addison Major early leaders and writers figure prominently in currentresearch in Quaker history. Two researchers are studying James Nayler, for different purposes. Jane Orion Smith (Pendle Hill, 338 Plush Mill Rd., Wallingford, PA 19086) has been awarded a Cadbury Fellowship to work with faculty member Elizabeth Kamphausen on a new edition of Nayler's writings. David Neelon (2773 North Park Blvd., Cleveland Heights, OH 44118) is studying Nayler and his contemporaries in preparation for an historical novel. Two other researchers are studying the writings and correspondence of JohnWoolman: WilliamM. Decker, Associate Professorat Oklahoma State University (1902 W. University Ave., Stillwater, OK 74074); and Drew Lawson (Pendle Hill, RMB 3230, Eaglehawk, Victoria 3556, Australia). Two Japanese historians have been studying early Quaker history. Hiromi Nishimura, who has published a history of early Quakerism for Japanese readers, spent spring term at Pendle Hill while doing research for a biography ofWilliam Penn. Tamaki Yamamoto (8-8, 2-2, Miyanodawa, Nishiku, Sapporo, Japan) has been studying the Quaker background of Inazo Nitobe. Peter Sippel (333 LaceyAve.,D-12, Doylestown, PA 18901) is working ofan edition ofthe sermons and letters ofWilliam Savery. Glenn Oeland, on the editorial staff of National Geographic Magazine (17th St., NW, Washington, DC 20036) is writing a book about another William, William Bartram. Several current research projects concern Quaker reactions to war and politics. Christine Greenland (790 E. Street Rd., Warminster, PA 18974), a Master of Divinity student at Earlham School of Religion, is studying Quakerpeace witnessbefore the French and Indian War, 1730 to the Treaty at Easton, 1762. Thomas A. Mogan (1435 Dalian Rd., West Chester, PA 19382), is writing his master's thesis at Villanova University on Quakers during the American Revolution. James Landers (33 Colonel's Lane, Chartsey, Surrey KT16 8RH, England) is investigating the involvement of Francis Richardson, a Quaker from Chester, Pennsylvania, in Stephen Sayre's 1775 plot to overthrow George III. Maureen Murphy (14 Foster Place, Sea Cliff, NY 1 1579) Professor of English and Secondary Education at Hofstra University, is writing a Research in Progress67 biography of Asenath Nicholson, who worked closely with Friends on matters of abolition, peace, and Irish famine relief. Julie Roy Jeffrey, Professor at Goucher College (Baltimore, MD 21204) has chosen Quaker abolitionist Laura Haviland as her subject. Allison Sneider (1621 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103) has used her semester as Visiting Lecturer at Bryn Mawr College to verify biographical details concerning Susan B. Anthony for the editors of the Stanton/Anthony papers. Scholars continue to consult Quakersources for the study ofothergroups in America. Judith A. Boughter (16805 Pine St., Omaha, NE 68130), InstructorattheUniversityofNebraskaatOmaha, hasbeenusing thepapers of Barclay White, Samuel Janney, and others involved in Grant's Peace PolicyforherstudyofPawnee history. Khalil G. Muhammed (16Roosevelt Place, Apt. C3, Montclair, NJ 07042), doctoral student at Rutgers University , has been using the papers ofAnna Wharton Morris and others for his dissertationresearch on earlytwentieth-century social work among African Americans and Italians. In women's history, Anne Kugler (10200 N. Park Blvd, University Heights, OH 44118), Assistant Professor at John Carroll University, is using Quaker sources for a paper comparing women and aging in early modern England and colonial North America. Current local history and institutional studies with Quaker content include the work of Christopher Jones (P.O. Box 1800, Kimberton, PA 19442), ofthe University ofPennsylvania and Pikeland Historical Society concerningPikelandlocal history, usingtherecords ofPikelandPreparative Meeting and the papers ofthe Lewis-Fussell family. TaylorM. Chamberlin (16158 Clark's Gap Rd., Waterford, VA 20197) is studying the history of Fairfax Monthly Meeting, especially during the periods of abolition, the Civil War and Reconstruction, for a planned book on local history. Despite the vaunted Quaker disdain for the arts, several scholars are studying Quaker connections with art and literary history. Margaretta Frederick Watson (1 101 Corner Ketch Rd., Newark, DE 1971 1) is preparing a book on J.W. Pease and investigating Quaker patronage ofthe arts in nineteenth-century Britain. Ruth Irwin Weidner (511 West Miner St., West Chester, PA 19382), retired Professor of Art History at West Chester University, has been consulting the papers ofSwarthmore Professor Spencer Trotter in her study the career ofPhiladelphia artistNewbold H. Trotter...

Carbon Dioxide Tracing for Face Mask Disconnects

To the Editor: The use of strapped on masks in the operating room has grown in recent years as more surgery is performed under regional or local anesthesia. We report a helpful signal on the carbon dioxide tracing that can alert the anesthesiologist that the tubing from the oxygen mask has come detached from the oxygen source. Immediately after the disconnection occurs, the end-tidal carbon dioxide tracing becomes noticeably larger (Figure 1a). Undoubtedly, the additional rebreathing of carbon dioxide that occurs explains the greater magnitude of the curve. The tracing returns to its normal size once the oxygen is reconnected.Figure 1: End-tidal carbon dioxide tracings for a man breathing oxygen from a nonrebreathing mask (a) with a 10-L oxygen flow or from a nasal cannula (b) with a 2-L oxygen flow and gas sampled from a 14-gauge IV catheter thrust into the nasal cannula.A similar but more subtle change is seen if a disconnection occurs while the end-tidal carbon dioxide tracing is obtained from an IV catheter thrust into a nasal cannula (Figure 1b). The large quantity of room air that is entrained obscures the effect of the extra carbon dioxide that is not washed away by the oxygen. Evan Goodman, MD Pat A. Johnson, CRNA Department of Anesthesiology; Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland; Cleveland Heights, OH 44118

Book Reviews: Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life

Journal Article Book Reviews: Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life Get access Approaching Death: Improving Care at the End of Life Edited by Marilyn J. Field and Christine K. Cassel. Published by National Academy Press, 2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20418, 1997. xvii + 437 p. Price $34.95. Keith E. Caryer, M.S. Keith E. Caryer, M.S. CedarFairmount Pharmacy 2458 Fairmount Boulevard, Cleveland Heights, OH 44106 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, Volume 55, Issue 8, 15 April 1998, Pages 858–862, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/55.8.858 Published: 15 April 1998

5500339 DNA denaturation method : Fuller Carl W; Pisa-Williamson Denise A Cleveland Heights, OH, United States assigned to Amersham Life Science Inc

5500339 DNA denaturation method : Fuller Carl W; Pisa-Williamson Denise A Cleveland Heights, OH, United States assigned to Amersham Life Science Inc