Clematis Flammula Research Articles

Interaction of Clematis flammula extracts with membrane models: characterization of anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities

The present study aimed at elucidating the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial mechanisms of Clematis flammula (CF) leaf extracts. Methodologically, antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assays, and antibacterial activity was assessed using Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) cell cultures. Anti-inflammatory potency was evaluated through cyclooxygenase and trypsin inhibitory activities. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory and antibacterial mechanisms of the active extracts were elucidated using two membrane models: erythrocytes and liposomes. The phenolic compounds in the extracts were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Ethyl acetate extract inhibited S. aureus growth at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 78 µg/mL, possibly due to its lytic activity of liposomes (56.75 ± 0.54%). Additionally, the extract presented the best anti-trypsin activity (IC50 =7.67 ± 0.61 µg/mL) and inhibited cyclooxygenase activity (IC50 = 594.33 ± 11.15 µg/mL), probably related to its high polyphenol content (192.64 ± 1.55 mg GAE/g E). HPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of flavones and flavonols. Conclusively, the results of this study suggest that CF extracts exert anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and trypsin activities and altering bacterial cell membrane, suggesting the potential of CF in the treatment of bacterial infections and inflammatory disorders.

A novel flavonol glycoside and six derivatives of quercetin and kaempferol from Clematis flammula with antioxidant and anticancer potentials

Clematis flammula leaves are traditionally used in Algeria to treat rheumatoid arthritis. Our aim was to identify the main compounds in this plant in order to characterize its antioxidant and anticancer activities.A new flavonol compound, kaempferol 3-O-[(6-O- caffeoyl)- glucosyl(1 → 2)]-(6-Ocaffeoyl) glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside (6) along with six known flavonol molecules were isolated from an ethanolic extract of Clematis flammula leaves. The chemical structures of these flavonols were elucidated using NMR and high resolution-MS spectroscopies. Antioxidant activities of the extract were revealed through its elimination of superoxide radical (O2.-) produced enzymatically (49.7 ± 1.52% at 50 μg/ml) and non-enzymatically (34 ± 1.2% at 100 μg/ml), probably related to its inhibition of the xanthine oxidase form of the xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) enzyme (25.05 ± 2.33 μg/mL at 100 μg/mL), but mostly to that of the NADH oxidase form of the enzyme (69.16 ± 4.0%). Cytotoxicity tests of the extract on human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and ovarian cancer cell lines A2780 and OVCAR3 were promising especially regarding A2780 cell line (IC50: 77.0 μg/mL), which was comparable to taxol (IC50:76.9 μg/mL).

Optimized ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of Clematis flammula L. leaves, phytochemical screening, biological activities and the characterization of its volatile compounds

Optimized ultrasonic-assisted deep eutectic solvents extraction of Clematis flammula L. leaves, phytochemical screening, biological activities and the characterization of its volatile compounds

Structural Characterization and Cardioprotective Effect of Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Extracted from Clematis flammula

Clematis flammula is widely used for its pharmacological properties in Tunisia. This work aimed to explore, in a rat model, the cardiopreventive capacity of polysaccharides extracted from C. flammula (CFPS) after a myocardial injury caused by isoproterenol. Structural analyses suggested that the average molecular weight of CFPS was 1.82 × 105 g/mol, being mainly composed of glucuronide (41.53%), galacturonic acid (19.06%), arabinose (16.10%), galactose (6.15%), glucose (5.49%), and rhamnose (3.55%). Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments showed that CFPS was rich with carbohydrates containing pectic materials with glycosidic bonds. In addition, results show that pretreatment with CFPS (150 mg/kg) could improve the electrocardiogram pattern by decreasing the elevated ST segment and ameliorating the relative heart weights and the biochemical profile content (creatine phosphokinase-MB, lactate dehydrogenase, and cardiac troponin I). Furthermore, pretreatment with CFPS reduced the amount of malondialdehyde and restored the genotoxicity induced by isoproterenol. The histopathological study revealed that CFPS pretreatment diminished the level of cardiac tissue injury. Based on these data, CFPS presents a broad biological effect as a cardioprotective and can be used for the exploration of novel natural products for the treatment of cardiac disease.

Assessment of agro-chemicals utilization and honeybee poisons plants in Sidama National regional state, Ethiopia

The study was conducted with the objective of identifying honeybee poisoning plant and assessing the status of agro-chemicals utilization in Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Semi-Structured questionnaires were developed and 160 individuals (80 beekeepers and 80 non beekeepers) were interviewed by using purposive sampling. The result of this assessment indicated that 75 (93.75%) of beekeepers complained presence of plant poisoning on honeybees in the study area. Ten plants were complained having poisoning effect on honeybees by beekeepers in the study area. Among these plants Lanthana camara, Euphorbia cotinifolia, Clematis flammula, Ranunculus multifidus, Discopodium penninervis, Climatisinte grifolia, Datura metal linn, Sesbania sesban, Phytolacca americana and Justicia schimperiana, were the most frequently complained toxic plants in the study area. Seven different agro-chemicals (2,4-D, Agrothoate 40% Malathion 50%, pyriban 48%, Diazinon 60%, Macozeb 80% and Pallas 45 OD) were commonly applied on various crop in the study area. The main sources of these agro-chemicals are cooperative, legal and illegal traders. 95% of farmers used empty containers for household purpose. 3.25% of the respondents left in farm while 1.25% of the respondents indicated that they have burnt. Most of agro-chemical users (80%) of the respondents had no training on how to apply Agro-chemicals safely to honeybees, themselves and environment and 97.5% of respondents applied agro-chemicals without following the recommended instructions in addition 95.62% of the respondents did not use protective clothes when spraying. Therefore, further study on complained poisonous plants and toxic chemicals in the study area, and proper utilization agro-chemicals are important to minimize poisoning of honeybee.

The most dangerous invasive plant in Protected Areas of the Mountain Crimea

Due to the spur increase in the number and scale of invasions over the past few decades, the study of this problem has become a matter of environmental and economic security in many countries, including Russia and the territory of the Crimea. The Crimean Peninsula, located in the south of Eastern Europe, is one of the centers of plant diversity. Special attention should be paid to invasive species that can actively introduce themselves into both anthropogenic and natural phytocenoses. The article deals with the problem of introduction of invasive species to the Protected Areas of the Mountainous Crimea: Yalta Mountain Forest Nature Reserve, Nacional Park “Krymsky”, Karadagsky Nature Reserve and Nature Park “Cape Martyan”. The most common and dangerous species for the ecosystems of the Protected Areas were identified ( Ailanthus altissima, Berberis aquifolium, Bupleurum fruticosum, Clematis flammula, Daphne laureola, Fraxinus ornus, Jacobae maritima, Opuntia humifusa, O. engelmannii var. lindheimeri, O. phaeacantha, Quercus ilex, Rhamnus alaternus ) on the based of floristic, phytocenotic and other studies. A comprehensive analysis of the current state was carried out and new data were obtained on the distribution, phytocenotic, biotopic allocation and other features of these species in the conditions of the native and outside its native distributional. It was found that invasive species that pose a threat to the ecosystems of four Protected Areas of the Mountainous Crimea were found in different types of biotopes belonging to 4 groups and 16 subgroups identified according to the EUNIS classification of biotopes: coastal marine (B1.33, B2.13, B3.1, B3.3324); herbaceous communities (E1.3, E1.33, E1. 4); tree and shrub communities of temperate and Mediterranean regions (F3.246, F5.16, F5.3, F6.8), forest communities (G1.22, G1.7, G2.2, G3.5, G4.B). These species grow in communities belonging to 10 classes, allocated according to the ecological and floral classification of Braun-Blanquet: Asplenietea trichomanis, Carpino-Fagetea sylvaticae, Crithmo-Staticetea, Cymbalario-Parietarietea diffusae, Drypidetea spinosae, Erico-Pinetea, Lygeo sparti-Stipetea tenacissimae, Ononido-Rosmarinetea, Pegano harmalae-Salsoletea vermiculatae, Quercetea pubescentis . The most invasive are the communities of unions Jasmino fruticantis-Juniperion excelsae, Elytrigio nodosae-Quercion pubescentis (class Quercetea pubescentis ), Elytrigio bessarabicae-Lactucion tataricae (class Crithmo-Staticetea ).

Morphological and morphometric parameters of <i>Clematis flammula</i> on the Protected Areas of the Southern Coast of Crimea

The paper presents the results of some of the qualitative and quantitative parameters of Clematis flammula plants study. The plants have been naturalized in different phytocenotic conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea. It has been found that in the studied plants most of the parameters of leaves and flowers are characterized by an average variability (10 <Cv <30). Plants also differ in the shape and dissection of the leaves. Low coefficient of variation (Cv, up to 10%) of a seed weight indicates an insignificant variability of this parameter.The parameter such as the length of the leaf petiole (Cv, 43-59%) is distinguished by a high variability.

Antibacterial and fungicidal activities of ethanol extracts of 38 species of plants

Galenic preparations are broadly used against microorganisms pathogenic to humans, thought their poteintial in this aspect is not studied completely. In our in vitro experiment we studied the influence of alcohol tinctures from 38 species of plants on 15 species of bacteria and one species of fungus. Zones of growth inhibition of colonies measuring over 8 mm were observed during the use of ethanol extracts of Maclura pomifera against eight species of microorganisms (Escherichia сoli, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhimurium, Rhodococcus equi, Campylobacter jejuni and Corynebacterium xerosis), Ginkgo biloba – against eight species (Enterococcus faecalis, S. marcescens, Y. enterocolitica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria іnnocua, L. monocytogenes, Р. аeruginosa and C. jejuni), Genista tinctoria – against seven species (E. coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, Р. аeruginosa and Rh. equi), Phellodendron amurense – against seven species (E. faecalis, S. marcescens, S. typhimurium, Rh. equi, C. jejunі, C. xerosis and Candida albicans), Berberis vulgaris – against seven species (P. mirabilis, S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium, C. jejuni, Р. аeruginosa and C. xerosis), Vitex negundo – against six species (E. faecalis, E. coli, P. mirabilis, K. pneumoniae, S. typhimurium and Rh. equi), Koelreuteria paniculata – against six species (E. faecalis, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens, S. typhimurium, C. jejunі and E. coli), Magnolia kobus – against six species (E. faecalis, E. coli, P. mirabilis, S. marcescens, S. typhimurium, C. jejunі and C. xerosis), Liriodendron tulipifera – against six species (K. pneumoniae, Listeria іnnocua, Р. аeruginosa, C. jejuni, Rh. equi and C. albicans), Clematis flammula – against six species (E. faecalis, P. mirabilis, L. monocytogenes, Р. аeruginosa, C. jejuni and C. xerosis), Wisteria sinensis – against five species (E. coli, S. typhimurium, L. monocytogenes, Rh. equi and C. albicans), Chimonanthus praecox – against five species (E. faecalis, S. marcescens, L. monocytogenes, C. jejuni and Rh. equi), Colchicum autumnale – against five species (S. marcescens, K. pneumoniae, L. ivanovi, L. monocytogenes and Р. аeruginosa). As a result of the study, these plants were found to be the most promising for further study of in vivo antibacterial activity. In the search of antibacterial and antifungal activities, the following plants were observed to be less promising: Ailanthus altissima, Aristolochia manshuriensis, Artemisia absinthium, Callicarpa bodinieri, Campsis radicans, Catalpa duclouxii, Celastrus scandens, Dictamnus alba, Eucommia ulmoides, Geranium sanguineum, Laburnum anagyroides, Nepeta racemosa, Parthenocissus tricuspidata, Polygonatum multiflorum, Prunus dulcis, P. laurocerasus, Ptelea trifoliata, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus castaneifolia, Q. petraea iberica, Salvia officinalis, Securigera varia, Styphnolobium japonicum, Tamarix elongata and Vitex agnus-castus.

Anti-Candida albicans biofilm activity of extracts from two selected indigenous Algerian plants: Clematis flammula and Fraxinus angustifolia

Candida albicans biofilm is associated with high rates of morbidity and resistance to antifungals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-Candida albicans biofilm activity of some indigenous Algerian medicinal plant extracts: Clematis flammula and Fraxinus angustifolia and their influence on the virulence factors of C. albicans. The anti-biofilm activity was determined using crystal violet assay while the cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) was estimated in a water-hydrocarbon two-phase assay. Moreover, germ tube formation and hyphae elongation were assessed microscopically.F. angustifolia leaves and bark, as well as C. flammula leaf extracts (500 μg/mL) showed an inhibition of biofilm formation of 62.41 ± 3.88, 54.83 ± 0.98 and 36.78 ± 1.09 %, respectively, probably related to a disruption of CSH, germ tube and hyphae formation of C. albicans ATCC 10231 (p < 0.001). Phytochemical analysis revealed that the plant extracts were a rich source of phenolic compounds with the highest content found in F. angustifolia leaves (173.05 ± 0.15 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram of extract), which could explain its highest efficiency against biofilm activity.Considering the results obtained, it can be concluded that the plants tested could be a promising source of drugs against muco-cutaneous infections caused by C. albicans biofilm.

Study toward antioxidant activity of Clematis flammula extracts: Purification and identification of two flavonoids-glucoside and trisaccharide

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Clematis flammula extracts and its main isolated compounds. The antioxidant tests were evaluated proceeding with DPPH-scavenging, reducing power (FRAP) and TAC-scavenging activity. The best antioxidant powers were given by leaf methanolic and hydro-alcoholic extracts with IC50 of 120 and 90 μg/mL respectively. The flower extracts IC50 were 410 and 190 μg/mL for the EtOAc and MeOH respectively. Fractionation of actives extracts led to the isolation of compounds identified to flavonoids glucosides 1 and 2 from MeOH and EtOAc flower residues and trisaccharide 3 from MeOH leaf extract. The present compounds showed antioxidant activities with IC50 of 20, 80 μg/mL and 70 μg/mL respectively. Results proved that flavonoid 1 exhibited higher antioxidant effects than 2. The antioxidant effects of main isolated molecules could be responsible of C. flammula antioxidant activity.

In vivo pathogenesis of colon carcinoma and its suppression by hydrophilic fractions of Clematis flammula via activation of TRAIL death machinery (DRs) expression

This work focused on characterizing hydrophilic fractions of Clematis flammula (CFl). The data here clearly demonstrated that hydrolate fractions act as a free radical scavengers and inhibited proliferation of different cell lines in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, transwell, and with a significant cytotoxic effect. Treating cells with CFl had the effect of suppressing cell growth attenuated by ROS generation in colonic carcinoma. Moreover, CFl in HCT116 cells suppressed survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in vitro by inhibiting gene expression. Following CFl treatment, caspases and PARP cleavage were detected. The up- and down-regulated genes obtained from the WBA of the effect of CFl showed that several biological processes were associated with apoptosis and induction of G1 cell cycle arrest. CFl synergizes the effect of TRAIL by down-regulating the expression of cell survival proteins involved in apoptosis compared to cells treated with CFl or TRAIL alone. Our findings showed that CFl sensitizes apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant cells by activating MAPKs, SP1, and CHOP, that induced DR5 expression. Overall, our data showed that CFl is a promising antitumor agent through kinases and transcription factor induction, both of which are required to activate TRAIL receptors. Colon inflammation induced by LPS was inhibited by CFl hydrolate.

Anti-ulcerogenic and proton pump (H+, K+ ATPase) inhibitory activity of Clematis flammula L. extract

Clematis flammula L. (CF) (Ranunculaceae) is widely used traditionally by native Berber populations in Algeria to treat gastrointestinal disorders. The present study was conducted to assess the gastroprotective properties and the underlying mechanisms of CF leaves ethanolic extract (CFEE) in four ulcer models in mice. After total phenol quantification, the gastro-protective effect of the CFEE was evaluated by macroscopic and microscopic analyses, investigation of antioxidant (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and pro-oxidant (malondialdehyde (MDA)) parameters. Furthermore, the impact of CFEE pre-treatment on mucus level, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and gastric proton pump (H+/K+-ATPase) activities was determined. Pro-kinetic properties were also assessed.Pharmacological investigation of CFEE showed a dose-dependent gastro-protective potential in different ulceration models, in close correlation with its high antioxidant activity (SOD, CAT and GSH). The most interesting underlying mechanisms were a remarkable reduction of MPO and proton pump activities (90 and 99% inhibition, respectively). Histological examination confirmed the preventive action of CFEE against offensive agents associated with increased mucus production and reduced gastric emptying and intestinal motility.Our findings provide a scientific basis for the ethno-pharmacological purpose of the studied plant.

Tunisian Clematis flammula Essential Oil Enhances Wound Healing: GC-MS Analysis, Biochemical and Histological Assessment.

The aerial part of Clematis flammula (Ranunculaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of skin diseases including mycotic infection in the Tunisian traditional medicine. The study was undertaken to extract and determine the essential oil chemical composition of Clematis flammula aerial parts and to assess the potential of anemonin in wound healing on mechanically wounded wistar rats. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Anemonin was isolated and then incorporated as active in a cream for which the cytotoxicity was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT)-based colorimetric assay. Then, its potential in wound healing on mechanically wounded wistar rats was assessed. The GC-MS analysis showed that the major compound was protoanemonin (86.74%) which spontaneously dimerised in part to form the anemonin. The wound healing activity of anemonin cream exhibited a non toxic potential of anemonin at a concentration of 25 µg/mL with a cell migration efficiency that reaches more than 80% after 48 hours of treatment. Wound healing efficiency was evaluated by monitoring morphological and skin histological analyses. Comparable wound surface reduction of the group treated by anemonin cream (p ≥ 0.05) when compared to the reference treated group. The skin histological analysis showed the completely wound closure. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the malondialdehyde (MDA) rates and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase) determination. The results provided strong support for the effective wound healing activity of anemonin cream, making it a promising candidate as a therapeutic agent in tissue repairing processes.

The role of Aşiyan Cemetery (İstanbul) as a green urban space from an ecological perspective and its importance in urban plant diversity

İstanbul is one of the fast growing and historical cities in the world, and has many old cemeteries which have belonged to various empires. This study includes the first floristic and plant use results from one of these historical cemeteries (the Aşiyan Cemetery). Vascular plants were collected from the cemetery in order to elaborate plant diversity. A total of 280 plant species was identified from an area of 29.1 decares. 139 of them are spontaneously wild growing taxa in the cemetery and the rest are cultivated on the graves. While the ratio of the area of the cemetery to the area of İstanbul is 0.1%, the cemetery includes 5.5% of the native plants of İstanbul. The steep sloped and stony parts of the cemetery have a native macchia vegetation consisting of Quercus coccifera L., Laurus nobilis L., Pistacia terebinthus L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Jasminum fruticans L., Rhamnus alaternus L., Ephedra foeminea Forssk., Osyris alba L. One of the most important results is the determination of the natural distribution of Rhamnus alaternus, Clematis flammula L. and Ephedra foeminea. This area is a refuge for these three species and the first native record area for R.alaternus in İstanbul. As a conclusion, in spite of covering a small area, the Aşiyan Cemetery has a rich native and horticultural flora, and it is a refuge for three rare species, therefore the cemetery has an important role in urban plant diversity conservation.

Antifungal, molluscicidal and larvicidal assessment of anemonin and Clematis flammula L. extracts against mollusc Galba truncatula, intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica in Tunisia.

To investigate the potential of anemonin and Clematis flammula (C.flammula) extracts against infective organisms. The molluscicidal activities of anemonin and C.flammula extracts against Galba truncatula Müll. (Lymnaeidae) and Fasciola hepatica larval stages contaminating this snail in Tunisia were assessed by testing six groups of snails in 250mL of extracts and aqueous dechlorinated solutions with different concentrations (ranging from 2.5 to 20.0mg/L) for 48h. Besides, the antifungal potential of C.flammula leaves and flowers was evaluated by using the diffusion agar and broth dilution methods against four fungal strains: Aspergillus niger, Pythium catenulatum, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium phyllophilum. As a result, hexane and ethyl acetate flower extracts exhibited significant molluscicidal activities with LC50 median lethal concentrations values of 11.87 and 11.65mg/L, respectively while LC50 value of anemonin was 9.64mg/L after 48h exposure. The flower extracts showed a larvicidal effect with a deterioration rate exceeding 35.39% where flower ethyl acetate residue gave a deterioration rate of cercariae close to 97%. Moreover, C.flammula extracts were not noxious to the associated fauna survival. All extracts inhibited the growth of P. catenulatum, the leaves and flowers methanolic extracts had the more important fungicide action with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 1.56 and 3.12mg/mL together with minimum fungistatic concentrations of 3.12 and 6.25mg/mL respectively. Only flower extracts were active against Rhizoctonia solani with minimum inhibitory concentrations varying between 0.70 and 1.56mg/mL and 6.25mg/mL of minimum fungistatic concentration. Phytochemical tests showed that the antifungal activity may be attributed to the presence of the flavonoids/saponins in the methanolic extracts and the molluscicide effects could be due to the richness of hexane and ethyl acetate extracts on sterols and triterpenoids. This study emphasizes the important molluscicidal and antiparasitic effects of flower ethyl acetate extracts and anemonin compound as well as the considerable antifungal activities of methanolic extracts. These results improve the therapeutic virtues of C.flammula aerial part extracts.

Chromosome count and karyotype of two species of Clematis (Ranunculaceae)

Karyotype morphometric data of two species of the genus Clematis L., a cosmopolitan and diverse genus, were studied. Clematis flammula is a diploid with 2n = 16 chromosomes. It exhibits a gradual decrease in size of chromosomes from 14.83 (±3.6) µm to 7.58 (±3.65) µm. Its karyotype formula (2n = 2x = 16 = 10m + 6sm) differs from those of Clematis orientalis (2n = 4x = 32 = 18m + 8sm + 6st), which is in addition a tetraploid species. The intrachromosomal asymmetry (A1) indicates that C. flammula had the most symmetric karyotype A1 = 0.39 in comparison to C. orientalis (A1 = 0.96). The karyological data available in the literature for the genus have also been discussed against the backdrop of the present analysis. This is the first attempt to present the karyotype morphometric data for the tetraploid cytotype of C. orientalis from India.

Solvent Effect on Phenolic Compounds Extraction, Antioxidant Capacities and Α-Amylase and Α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Clematis flammula and Periploca angustifolia

Solvent Effect on Phenolic Compounds Extraction, Antioxidant Capacities and Α-Amylase and Α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Clematis flammula and Periploca angustifolia Abstract Phytochemicals are extensively found at different levels in many medicinal plants. This work had three objectives: the first, to evaluate the total phenolic, flavonoids content, anthocyanins concentration and condensed tannins of two Tunisian medicinal plants, second, to assess their potential antioxidant activities using systems such as a, adiphenyl-b-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH• ), ABTS•+, O2 ‒• , H2 O2 scavenging activity, Hydroxyl OH• and linoleic acid inhibition and third, to screen α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors from common natural products found in traditional Tunisian medicines. The present study was performed that C. flammula (Ranunculaceae family)has the highest levels of total phenols followed by P. angustifolia (Asclepiadaceae family). On the other hand, the results show that the antiradical activity (DPPH) varies from 52 to 77% for P. angustifolia and 56 to 84% for C. flammula. The antioxidant activity measurement, expressed as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ranged from 0.33 to 1.51 mM TE/ g DW. In general, all extracts exhibited good antioxidant activity. In the present investigation, the extracts most effective in inhibiting α-amylase (C. flammula and P. angustifolia) contain appreciable amounts of condensed tannins. In addition, the extent of inhibition of α-glucosidase was related to their anthocyanins content.

Antioxidant potential, cytotoxic activity and phenolic content of Clematis flammula leaf extracts

Five fractions of Clematis flammula , a plant widely used in the Mediterranean traditional medicine, were isolated from the leaves using a selective extraction procedure and their total antioxidant capacity was measured by both the ABTS and ORAC tests. Furthermore, their capacities to inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation and to scavenge the hydroxyl radical were assessed. The cytotoxic potential of the crude ethanolic extract and the aqueous fraction obtained from chloroform was also evaluated on three human hepatoma cell lines CHL, PLC and HuH7. The results showed a stronger antioxidant capacity for the two aqueous phases obtained from ethyl acetate and chloroform concerning ABTS (7.9 and 10.5 mmoles Trolox eq/g of plant extract, respectively), ORAC (487 and 387 mmoles Trolox eq/g of plant extract, respectively) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC 50 = 56.5 and 48.4 µg/mL, respectively), compared to their organic counterparts which, however, inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation more efficiently (IC 50 = 390.7 and 523.5 µg/mL, respectively). The ethanol crude extract exhibited a fairly good cytotoxic potential on the two cell lines CHL and PLC (IC 50 = 58.5 and 47.3 µg/mL, respectively), in contrast to the aqueous phase obtained from chloroform (IC 50 = 457.7 and 304.9 µg/mL, respectively). A positive correlation was also found between the phenol content and the different activities. These results provide experimental support for the therapeutic virtues of Clematis flammula leaf extracts.

Antioxidant potential, cytotoxic activity and phenolic content of Clematis flammula leaf extracts

Five fractions of Clematis flammula, a plant widely used in the Mediterranean traditional medicine, were isolated from the leaves using a selective extraction procedure and their total antioxidant capacity was measured by both the ABTS and ORAC tests. Furthermore, their capacities to inhibit microsomal lipid peroxidation and to scavenge the hydroxyl radical were assessed. The cytotoxic potential of the crude ethanolic extract and the aqueous fraction obtained from chloroform was also evaluated on three human hepatoma cell lines CHL, PLC and HuH7. The results showed a stronger antioxidant capacity for the two aqueous phases obtained from ethyl acetate and chloroform concerning ABTS (7.9 and 10.5 mmoles Trolox eq/g of plant extract, respectively), ORAC (487 and 387 mmoles Trolox eq/g of plant extract, respectively) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 56.5 and 48.4 µg/mL, respectively), compared to their organic counterparts which, however, inhibited microsomal lipid peroxidation more efficiently (IC50 = 390.7 and 523.5 µg/mL, respectively). The ethanol crude extract exhibited a fairly good cytotoxic potential on the two cell lines CHL and PLC (IC50 = 58.5 and 47.3 µg/mL, respectively), in contrast to the aqueous phase obtained from chloroform (IC50 = 457.7 and 304.9 µg/mL, respectively). A positive correlation was also found between the phenol content and the different activities. These results provide experimental support for the therapeutic virtues ofClematis flammula leaf extracts. Key words: Clematis flammula, chloroform extract, antioxidant, caffeic acid, lipid peroxidation.

Antioxidant activity of extracts of three Algerian medicinal plants: Clematis flammula, Populus nigra and Ulmus campestris

Antioxidant activity of extracts of three Algerian medicinal plants: Clematis flammula, Populus nigra and Ulmus campestris