Cleft Grafting Research Articles

Performance of tomato cultivars grafted on root-knot nematode resistant Solanum torvum rootstock for growth and yield parameters

Aim: To study the grafting of tomato cultivars on root-knot nematode resistant Solanum torvum for plant growth, yield parameters and nematode damage under polyhouse conditions. Methodology: Three tomato cultivars viz., Arka Samrat, Saaho and SVTD8323 were grafted on Meloidogyne incognita-resistant S. torvum Sw. (IC618029) by cleft grafting technique. The experiment was conducted in a polyhouse using factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with two factors. The first factor was planting material with grafted and non-grafted tomato cultivars. The second factor was with and without nematode infestation. Observations on plant growth and yield parameters were taken. Results: Grafted and non-grafted tomato cultivars differed significantly in terms of flowering and yield parameters and nematode damage. Under nematode-infested conditions, grafted cultivars yielded significantly more number of flowers per cluster (4.22 to 4.47), flower clusters per plant (11.25 to 11.63), fruits per cluster (3.74 to 4.19), higher percentage of fruit set (89.78 to 94.00) and fruit yield per plant (2,984.6 to 3114.36 g), with less nematode damage (10.60 to 11.53 galls per root system) as compared to non-grafted cultivars (302.53 to 314.33 galls per root system). Interpretation: Tomato grafting with S. torvum rootstock can be utilized in root-knot nematode management, especially in protected cultivation. Key words: Meloidogyne incognita, Nematodes, Rootstock, Tomato grafting, Wild brinjal

Outcomes of Xenograft with Platelet-rich Fibrin versus Autogenous Bone in Alveolar Cleft Grafting.

The use of a suitable graft material helps with sufficient osseointegration. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of two types of alveolar bone graft materials, xenografts with platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and autogenous grafts, in patients with alveolar clefts. Thirty-six patients with alveolar clefts were enrolled in this study. Those patients were randomly divided into two groups: group A, where the autogenous iliac bone graft was used to fill the alveolar defect, and group B, where the xenograft with PRF was used to fill the alveolar defect. After 6 months of grafting, patients were assessed in terms of pain, duration of hospital stay, and donor site morbidity associated with iliac crest harvesting, while bone formation was evaluated radiographically using cone beam computed tomography. The results showed no statistical differences as regards baseline and perioperative data. Operative duration was significantly lower among xenograft with PRF patients. Both groups had comparable postoperative success scores, and total failure was reported in a total of three patients (one patient in group A and two patients in group B). With no potential donor site morbidities, xenograft with PRF is an equivalent bone transplant replacement to the autologous iliac bone graft. Additionally, it is associated with a significant success rate, and a significant decrease in operative time and hospital stay. Many future studies are warranted to draw firm conclusions.

Optimization of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) grafting technique to enhance its adoption in cassava cultivation

Grafting techniques have been successfully adopted to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, increase yields, fruit quality and study systemic signaling in plants. This technique has not been fully explored in cassava and there is currently no standardized grafting method for this species published especially in Africa. This is the first report on cassava grafting protocol in Africa with valuable advantages including utilizing a cost-effective and environmentally friendly wooden healing chamber. In this study, we describe an optimized cleft grafting protocol for cassava utilizing a wooden healing chamber and outline the step-by-step procedure with optimum conditions to generate a high grafting success rate. Using a top wedge grafting technique with high reproducibility and success rates, we developed a straightforward and robust grafting protocol for cassava (M. esculenta) cultivars. Grafting success was recorded and this protocol produced a high grafting success of 90 % and its reproducibility makes it suitable for mass production thereby addressing the need for efficient cassava propagation. This grafting protocol requires less specialized equipment and expertise making it more accessible to farmers and researchers with limited resources to promote the use of grafting for cassava growth, yield improvement and advanced studies such as systemic long-distance signaling in plants.•Optimization of cleft grafting method obtains a high success grafting rate of cassava.•A wooden healing chamber provides a controlled environment for graft healing.•Promoting cassava grafting; a priority to produce new cultivars and explore breeding research prospects.

INDIGENOUS CUCURBITS AND GRAFTING TECHNIQUES AFFECT CUCUMBER PRODUCTIVITY BY MODULATING MORPHO-PHYSIO-BIOCHEMICAL INDICES

Vegetable grafting is a unique surgical horticultural technology for inducing soilborne biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in cucumbers. Indigenous cucurbit germplasm as rootstocks may show more tolerance potential compared to exotic ones. However, it needs evaluation for compatibility testing through various grafting techniques. Therefore, this study was planned to test available cucurbits as rootstocks for graft success vis-à-vis cucumber growth and productivity. It was carried out in the Plant Propagation and Physiology lab at MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan. The seeds of the indigenous open-pollinated cucurbits were sown in 64-celled plug trays with peat moss as growing media, followed by shifting to 50-celled plug trays at the first true leaf emergence stage. The seeds of selected scion (cucumber) were sown after the emergence of rootstock seeds. Different grafting techniques were performed at the first true leaf stage of the scion, followed by healing and acclimatization. In this experiment, hybrid cucumber (cv Yalla F1) was grafted on three indigenous cucurbits, namely ridge gourd (Luffa acutangular), bottle gourd (Lagenaria sicearia) and pumpkin (Cucurbit pepo. L) for graft compatibility success by using three grafting techniques: cleft grafting, one cotyledon grafting and hole insertion. Non-grafted cucumber was grown to compare with grafted plants for growth and productivity. Overall, significant (p ≤ 0.5%) results were obtained regarding a 90% survival rate in cucumber plants grafted onto the bottle gourd through cleft grafting compared to the other grafting techniques. Additionally, the cucumber plants grafted on bottle gourd showed the highest morphological (root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight and rootstocks, and scion gir th), physiological (photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and sub-stomatal conductance), biochemical (antioxidants activities, SOD, CAT, and POX) and yield indices (average fruit length, weight, numbers, and yield) as compared to the non-grafted plants. Conclusively, cucumber grafting onto indigenous bottle gourd with cleft grafting technique exhibited maximum compatibility confirmed through physio-chemical attributes and improved plant biomass and yield, thereby suggested for cucumber grafting.

Transmission efficiency protocol of two ilarviruses (ApMV and ApNMV) associated with mosaic disease of apple (Malus domestica) through cleft grafting and T-budding

Transmission efficiency protocol of two ilarviruses (ApMV and ApNMV) associated with mosaic disease of apple (Malus domestica) through cleft grafting and T-budding

Status and prospects of Avocado cultivation in India

Avocado (Persia americana) is a native to tropical America. It was originated in Mexico and Central America, possibly from more than one wild species. The early Spanish explorers recorded its cultivation from Mexico to Peru. Avocado production increased almost 1100 percent as compared to 1961. In India, Avocado was introduced in Bangalore and hill stations like Kallar near Nilgris, Palani hills of Kodaikanal, Shrevaroy hills of Yercaud, Coorg during 1912 and 1940. Later the seedlings of those varieties spread over humid subtropical region but remain neglected. The avocado cultivation have gained an overwhelming popularity during last one decade due to nutritional properties of the fruits. Presently around 7000 tones of avocados annually and the production is increasing rapidly as more and more areas is being brought under cultivation. The agro- climatic conditions prevailing in various parts of the country appear to be favorable for bringing more areas under avocado. Recently several varieties belonging to all three horticultural races i.e., West Indian, Guatemalan and Mexican have been introduced in India. Some varieties such as Arka Supreme, Arka Ravi and TKD-1 were released by CHES(IIHR), Chettalli (Coorg) and HRS station Thayangudusai (TN). These research centres are maintaining large number of accession of avocado germplasm. CHES (IIHR), Chettalli standardized the cleft grafting method for multiplication of avocado. Avocado is planted at a distance of 5 to 8 meters depending on the vigour of variety and growth habit. In general, young avocado trees are given N, P2O5 and K2O in the proportion of 1:1:1 and older trees in the proportion of 2:1:2 . Both A & B types are planted in the orchards for proper pollination and sufficient number of pollinators should be encouraged by keeping honey bee boxes. The studies conducted at CHES, Chettalli revealed that Apis cerena was the major pollinator followed by Apis florea, Tetragonula sp. and ants. Avocado plants seedlings start bearing five to six years after planting while grafted plants start yielding in 3-4 years. Harvesting is done manually and bruising and exposing fruits to direct sunlight is avoided. The yield ranges from 100 to 500 fruits per tree. The peak harvest time is different in different region. Presently, there is very little organized marketing system for avocado in India as the production is small and production areas are scattered. Avocados are mostly produced in Coorg, Chikmagalur, Shivamogga, Kodaikanal, Lower Palani hills, Kallar and Wayanad. The demand of avocado is manly in metro cities like Chennai, Bengaluru, Mumbai, Delhi,Pune and Ahmadabad. A large quality of avocado and avocado products are being imported in the country to fulfil the demand. Avocado is mainly used fresh, in sandwich filling or in salads.. Several products of avocado i.e. Arka avocado chutney, Arka avocado bread spread, Spray dried avocado powder have been developed by ICAR-IIHR, Bangalore. The cultivation area is rapidly growing in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, North Eastern States etc. of the country. The seminars, workshops, field days, awareness programmes, demonstrations etc. conducted by ICAR-IIHR, Bangalore during last one decade played a vital role in popularization of avocado in the country. Visualizing the demand and rising popularity of avocado at domestic and international level, there is good scope of Avocado cultivation in India. There is need to provide suitable technological backup to fulfil the requirement of growers, processing industry and consumers

Growth performance of cleft grafted velvet apple (Diospyros discolor Willd.)

Velvet apple is usually propagated through seeds but seeded plants do not maintain its true-to-type quality. The present work was undertaken to study the fate of cleft grafting of five selected velvet apple genotypes during 2018 - 2019 at the Germplasm Center, Patuakhali Science and Technology University. The pot experiment was conducted in RCBD with two factors as scions and Days after Grafting (DAG) consisting of 10 replications of the scions. Scions from five promising mother plants were considered as treatments (Dumki-Dd-S1, Dumki-Dd-S2, Dumki-Dd-S3, Dumki-Dd-S4 and Mirzaganj-Dd-S5) and were cleft grafted on seedling rootstock of Dumki-Dd-R1. At 84 DAG, significant differences were observed among the scion treatments regarding the studied growth parameters. The days required to bud break varied significantly which ranged from 14 days (Dumki-Dd-S4) to 18 days (Mirzagonj-Dd-S5). The maximum length (54.30 cm) and diameter (2.00 cm) of rootstock were recorded in Mirzagonj-Dd-S5 at 84 DAG. However, maximum scion length (22.20 cm) and scion diameter (0.70 cm) were noted in Dumki-Dd-S1at 84DAG. The highest graft heights of Dumki-Dd-S2 (71.20 cm) and Mirzaganj-Dd-S5(71.50 cm) were statistically similar at84 DAG. Graft success was highest in Mirzagonj-Dd-S5(60.00%) followed by Dumki-Dd-S4 (40.00%) at 84 DAG. The maximum number of sprouted shoots (2.10) was counted in Dumki-Dd-S1, however, the highest length and diameter of sprouted shoot (7.1 cm and 0.66 cm, respectively) and maximum number of leaf (7.40 per graft) were found in Mirzaganj-Dd-S5during the study period. It could be concluded that, Mirzaganj-Dd-S5 and Dumki-Dd-R1showed the best stionic relationship for multiplication of velvet apple by cleft grafting. South Asian J. Agric., Vol. 9, No.1&2, 2022-‘23: 1-10

Multiplication performance of monkey jack by cleft grafting on single source seedling rootstock

The present research work was undertaken to study the fate of cleft grafting of five potential monkey jack genotypes during 2020-2021 at the Germplasm Center, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh. Scions from five in situ conserved promising mother plants named as Dumki-Al-S1, Dumki-Al-S2, Dumki-Al-S3, Dumki-Al-S4 and Kalapara-Al-S5 were cleft grafted on seedling rootstock (Dumki-Al-R1) of single genotype. A pot experiment was set in two-factor (Scions and Days after grafting) RCBD with 10 replications. The time required to break bud varied significantly among the treatments and ranged from 14 to 20 days. Dumki-Al-S1 required the maximum time to bud break (20 days) followed by Dumki-Al-S3 (18 days). Dumki-Al-S2 took minimum time (14 days) for bud breaking. The maximum increased length of rootstock found in Dumki-Al-S2 which were 55.00, 55.70, 56.44 and 65.30 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 days after grafting (DAG), respectively, followed by Kalapara-Al-S5 (61.80, 54.80, 55.30, and 57.12 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, respectively). Kalapara-Al-S5 showed maximum diameter of rootstock (1.44, 1.70, 1.80 and 1.94 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, respectively) followed by Dumki-Al-S4 (1.08, 1.24, 1.34 and 1.42 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, respectively). The length and diameter of scion of Dumki-Al-S4 and Kalapara-Al-S5 were higher and statistically identical at 84 DAG. The maximum graft height was recorded in Kalapara-Al-S5 (70.60, 73.40, 76.00 and 77.10 cm at 21, 42, 63 and 84 DAG, which was statistically similar with Dumki-Al-S2. Kalapara-Al-S5, Dumki-Al-S3 and Dumki-Al-S4 showed maximum number of leaves per graft at 84 DAG. The maximum graft success of 40% was observed in both Dumki-Al-S1 and Dumki-Al-S3 at 84 DAG, whereas, other treatments had less than 20% graft success. Kalapara-Al-S5 and Dumki-Al-S2 showed significantly higher and identical number of sprouted shoots at 84 DAG. Dumki-Al-S1 showed the maximum lengths and diameters of shoot at 84 DAG. The overall performance of the stionic combinations indicated that Dumki-Al-S1 and Dumki-Al-S3 were found promising for further grafting trials with seedling rootstocks.

A Grafting Procedure for Gossypium hirsutum Based on In Vitro Grown Seedlings

Intervarietal grafting, and in some cases interspecific grafting, practiced mainly in horticultural crops has many practical applications. Grafting can also be a useful tool to perform basic physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies to better understand communication between shoot and root in a row crop, such as cotton. We have established a grafting protocol for upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) genotypes. Although less efficient, it can be used to create grafts between upland and Pima (G. barbadense) or Old-world cottons (G. arboreum or G. herbaceum). The procedure used 8-day-old seedlings grown in culture under sterile conditions to obtain the scion and rootstock. The scion consisted of the shoot apical meristem with a few leaf primordia, epicotyl, and a small portion of the hypocotyl with the cotyledons removed. The rootstock retained 2 to 3 cm of basal hypocotyl portion with the roots trimmed. Cleft grafts were assembled under aseptic conditions followed by their culture in vitro. Once established, as indicated by the healthy growth of three to four true leaves and roots, the grafts were moved to soil in small pots. After hardening the grafts on a laboratory bench for few weeks, they were transferred to larger pots and grown to maturity in a greenhouse to obtain seeds. The success rate using our protocol ranged from 90 to 100% for Coker 312 genotype and its derivative transgenic and gene edited lines. The method was also applicable to generate intervarietal and interspecific graft unions among various types of cotton plants.

Interim use of Hyrax Screw Assembly for Single-Step Closure of Small Alveolar Cleft before Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis (AMDO) is often used for the correction of maxillary retrognathia in select cleft lip and palate cases. The restoration of alveolar arch continuity is desirable before the initiation of AMDO in these cleft maxillary deformities; however, AMDO is technically difficult in a patient with coexisting alveolar cleft where there is a discontinuity of the defect that presents a challenge in terms of adequate vector control of the movement of the anterior segment and the potential risk of tipping of teeth, which already have compromised anchorage/bone support on the cleft side. The treatment becomes more challenging when ongoing management is compounded by failed previous alveolar cleft grafting procedures, along with the patient’s reluctance to undergo further grafting of alveolar clefts. This technical note demonstrates a novel application of the modification of the Hyrax screw where an initially fully opened Hyrax screw was utilised as an interim assembly for accomplishing the single-step closure of a small alveolar cleft before the commencement of anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis. This technique may prove to be feasible for patients presenting with alveolar cleft defects of smaller widths of up to 5 mm and relatively well-aligned upper arches. Keywords: Distraction Osteogenesis; Cleft Palate; Cleft Alveolar; Maxillary Osteotomy; India.

Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) grafting as affected by nitrogen fertilizer application to irrigation water

Selection of superior jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) strains has been seen in recent years in various tropical and subtropical areas, and vegetative propagation by grafting has become widely practiced. However, jackfruit is still a relatively difficult species to propagate through cleft grafting, in which scion is detached from the mother tree. Sufficient callus formation at the grafting joint is critical for grafting success; therefore, I hypothesized that application of fertilizers to the rootstocks before and after grafting operations would promote callus formation. Nitrogen (N) is known as the most important nutrient for plant growth and callus formation. Therefore, in this study, I focused on the effect of different types, concentrations, and frequencies of N fertilizer application to jackfruit rootstocks, before and after grafting, by mixing it with irrigation water. Effect of N fertilizer application on grafting success and callus formation at the joint was investigated, and rootstock management was optimized to improve grafting success. Application of KNO3 (1.6–9.2 mM) to post-grafted rootstocks, via irrigation water, resulted in a two-fold increase in grafting success (60 %) at 1.6 mM concentration, compared to that without N fertilizer. Grafting success gradually decreased at higher concentrations of KNO3; at 5.6 mM, success percentage was similar to that without N fertilizer; at 9.2 mM, it was less than 20 %. Callus formation at the joint was enhanced at higher concentrations of N fertilizer; however, leaf burns occurred on the rootstock when KNO3 > 5.6 mM. When KNO3 was replaced with (NH4)2SO4 (1.5 mM), the success percentage remained low and was similar to that without N fertilizer. Regardless the type of N fertilizer, the success percentage was significantly higher when low concentrations (3.6 mM) of N fertilizer were applied three times a week (smaller fluctuations in soil water electrical conductivity [EC]), compared to applying high concentrations (10.7 mM) once a week (larger fluctuations). The success percentage were higher for younger rootstocks (less than one-year old) than for those over one-year old. Our findings demonstrated that jackfruit grafting success can be improved by adding low concentrations of KNO3 to daily irrigation water, for about one month after grafting operations, to maintain a stable EC of 40 mS m−1 in the soil water.

Alveolar cleft reconstruction utilizing a particulate autogenous tooth graft and a novel split-thickness papilla curtain flap — A retrospective study

During secondary alveolar cleft grafting, the use of autogenous cancellous bone harvested from the iliac crest is still considered the gold standard. Due to the risk of donor-site morbidity and excessive graft resorption, alternative grafting materials (e.g. intraoral bone, xenografts) have been tested. Autogenous tooth bone graft (ATB) is a novel material derived from extracted teeth. ATB has successfully been used in pre-prosthetic and periodontal surgery for hard-tissue reconstruction.Seven patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate were treated with ATB, using their own deciduous teeth for grafting. Defects were accessed utilizing a novel split-thickness papilla curtain flap. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were taken prior to and 3 months following cleft surgery to assess graft integration, graft stability, and the volume of the newly formed hard tissues. Hard-tissue gain, as measured at the 3-month follow-up, averaged 0.65 cm3 ± 0.26 cm3. Results showed acceptable graft integration and stability at the 3-month follow-up, with no adverse effects or excessive resorption of the graft.The use of ATB might be a feasible alternative for alveolar cleft grafting. However, long-term studies using a large sample size are required to derive further conclusions.

Performance of grafting loquats combined onto loquat and quince rootstocks on different dates

This study was carried out during February 20 to July 1, 2023, at the lath house in the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, and aimed to investigate the impact of rootstock type and grafting time on grafting success of loquat on two rootstocks, loquat and quince, which were used for grafting the local selection cultivar of loquat at three different times (February 20, March 10, and March 30) during the dormant season. The experiment was laid down in a factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), involving 6 treatments, each with 5 grafts and 3 replications, resulting in 90 grafts. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and means were separated using Duncan’s multiple range tests (P≤0.05). The loquat and quince rootstocks were grown through seed sowing and cuttings, respectively. Cleft grafting was employed as the grafting method, ensuring the cambium layers of the scion and stock in contact. Grafting success percentage, shoot length, shoot diameter, number of leaves per budling, leaf area, and chlorophyll content were evaluated. Results showed that loquat rootstock exhibited a significantly higher grafting success percentage (97.78%) compared to quince rootstock (84.44%). Regarding vegetative traits, loquat rootstock resulted in significantly longer shoots (11.74 cm) compared to quince rootstock (8.08 cm). The same rootstock showed a higher number of leaves per budling (8.47) and chlorophyll content (43.82 SPAD). Also, the highest significant grafting success percentage (100%) was achieved from the combination of loquat rootstock and two grafting times (February 20 and March 30). The combination of rootstock type and grafting time led to varying shoot characteristics.

Potential Potential of a native araticum species as the rootstock of atemoya cultivars propagated by grafting methods

Technical and secure information on the production of quality atemoya seedlings (Annona squamosa L. x Annona cherimola Mill.) are of paramount importance due to the growing interest in this crop. This study aimed to assess the formation of atemoya seedlings propagated by grafting methods and cultivars using araticum (Annona sylvatica) rootstocks. The experiment was carried out in a screened environment at the Western Paraná State University (Unioeste), Campus of Marechal Cândido Rondon, Paraná State, Brazil. Atemoya grafts (Thompson, African Pride, and Gefner) were collected from plants from the CATI seedling nursery, located in São Bento do Sapucaí, São Paulo State, Brazil. Grafting was performed using 1-year-old araticum rootstocks with 8–10 mm in diameter at a height of 15 cm from the ground and grafts measuring, on average, 8.5 cm in length, 10 mm in diameter, and three buds. The experimental design consisted of randomized blocks in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement (three grafting methods: cleft graft, whip and tongue graft, and chip budding × three cultivars: African Pride, Thompson, and Gefner), with four replications and 10 seedlings per replication, totaling 40 seedlings per treatment. The percentage of graft success (%), percentage of sprouting (%), number of sprouts, number of leaves, and longest sprout length (cm) were assessed at 60 days after grafting. The cleft graft method is efficient for producing atemoya seedlings. The cultivar African Pride can be grafted onto rootstocks by the cleft graft and whip and tongue graft methods, as they promote a higher percentage of graft success. The Annona sylvatica rootstock has potential for the production of atemoya seedlings, but chip budding is not viable.

Using the Dermal Fat Graft as a Barrier Membrane in Unilateral Alveolar Cleft Grafting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Alveolar cleft grafting is a surgical procedure that usually suffers from inferior results. The patients were divided into 2 groups; study and control. In the study group, the grafted site was covered with a dermal fat graft. Showed that the bone fill percentage (Bergland Scale) recorded in the study was significantly better ( P =0.03); the study group had 14 successful cases out of 18 compared with the control, which had only 9 out of 20. The study group significantly ( P = 0.002) better bone fill (71%±32%) compared with the control (46%±33%). There was a significant reduction in dehiscence in the study compared with the control ( P =0.02); the study group had no dehiscence compared with the control, which had 5 dehiscence. The dermal fat graft use as a barrier membrane was successful in improving alveolar cleft grafting.

A Review of Sapodilla Beneficial Use, Production Status, and Propagation Technique

Manilkara zapota, commonly known as sapodilla, is one of tropical fruits, originating from Central and South America that is still less popular in Indonesia, as compared to banana, citrus, mango, etc. To gain its popularity, it is crucial to review beneficial uses, existing production status and propagation techniques of sapodilla. In general, sapodilla is used for either table fresh fruit. Additionally, it contains various bioactivities in its fruit, stem, and leaves, such as antioxidant, antimicrobe, and antitumor activity; thus, become very potential for pharmaceutical purposes. The existing production data of sapodilla determine the West Java Province as the biggest production area in Indonesia, with total contribution of about 21% or 38.250 tons. In more detail, the top production area at the village level with a local sapodilla cultivar, namely Sukatali sapodilla, is found in Sukatali Village in Situraja Subdistrict, Sumedang District, West Java Province. Sapodilla can be propagated by using both reproductive and vegetative methods. Vegetative propagation of grafting is commonly used to produce shorter juvenile and uniform seedlings. However, it is highly dependent upon the grafting type, grafting season, and scion diameter. The modified cleft grafting is the best grafting type rather than cleft and veneer grafting. Several rootstocks that are commonly used for sapodilla seedling are Chrysophyllum lanceolatum and Manilkara hexandra. June-July is the best period to having grafting. The scion with a diameter of 5.02 mm is recommended due to adequate food reserves for recovery growth.

Effect of types of rootstocks and their age on performance of cleft grafting of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. BARI Malta-1

Effect of types of rootstocks and their age on performance of cleft grafting of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) cv. BARI Malta-1

Secondary alveolar cleft grafting using autogenous mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM) versus cancellous bone particles derived from anterior iliac crest

ObjectiveThe essential concern of alveolar cleft grafting in patients of cleft lip and palate at the mixed dentition phase is to gain bone within the cleft area that provides closure of the oronasal communication with continuous and stable maxilla for future cleft teeth eruption or implantation. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mineralized plasmatic matrix (MPM) versus cancellous bone particles harvested from anterior iliac crest in secondary alveolar cleft grafting.Patients and methodsThis prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on ten patients with unilateral complete alveolar cleft requiring cleft reconstruction. Patients were randomly divided into two equal groups; group (1) included 5 patients who received particulate cancellous bone derived from anterior iliac crest (control group) and group (2) included 5 patients who received MPM graft prepared from cancellous bone derived from anterior iliac crest (study group). All patients received CBCT preoperatively, immediately postoperatively and after 6 months. On the CBCT, graft’s volume, labio-palatal width, and height were measured and compared.ResultsThe outcome of the studied patients 6 months postoperatively showed that the control group had significant decrease in the graft volume, labio-palatal width, and height compared to the study group.ConclusionMPM allowed for the integration of bone graft particles inside a fibrin network, which offers positional stability of the bone particles, thus preserving their shape with subsequent “in situ” immobilization of the graft components. This conclusion was reflected positively in terms of maintained graft volume, width, and height compared to that of the control group.Clinical relevanceMPM allowed for maintenance of grafted ridge volume, width, and height.

Yield and yield components of superior cocoa (Theobroma cocoa L.) clones rejuvenated by ring budding technique

The ring budding technique gave a higher suitability for rejuvenation of cocoa plants compared to side cleft grafting it can be combined with the use of superior clones for optimal production. However, information related to this is still limited. The research aimed to determine the effects of ring budding technique on yield components and yields of three types of superior cocoa clones. The experiment was arranged in a Nested Design. The first factor is the type of vegetative propagation technique, consisting of side cleft grafting and ring budding. The second factor was clones, which consisted of clones KKM 22, RCC 70 and RCC 71. Clones were nested in vegetative propagation. The research was conducted from September 2020 to January 2021 at the Pagilaran Company. Observations were made on several yield component variables. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with the Least Significant Difference Test (LSD) at the 5%. The results showed that the number of pods and the weight of beans per cocoa stand were significantly higher in the ring budding technique than the side cleft grafting. This condition caused the dry bean weight per hectare much higher as well. The three cacao clones, which were rejuvenated by ring budding, gave a good response and high yields. Meanwhile, only KKM 2 gave good response and high yield after treated with side cleft grafting technique, while RCC 70 and RCC 71 clones gave low yields. The KKM 22 clone is the best option in terms of rehabilitation with ring budding and side cleft grafting.

Productivity and mortality, of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae in passionfruit vines brs rubi do cerrado, grafted onto different rootstocks

The use of scions grafted onto passionfruit vines has become an alternative to their cultivation in areas with a history of fusariosis. However, the combinations between the graft and rootstock can influence on the productivity and longevity of the passionfruit farm. The objective was to evaluate the productivity and mortality of the passionfruit cv BRS Rubi do Cerrado grafted onto three species of rootstock in Terra Nova do Norte-MT. The design was a randomized block with 4 treatments BRS Rubi do Cerrado (BRS-RC) seedling plant along with those grafted onto three species of rootstock: Passiflora gibertii, Passiflora alata; Passiflora nitida. The scions were grafted through a cleft graft and the planting performed after 70 days. The evaluation was made of the total number and weight of the fruits, along with productivity and mortality of plants. Results showed that the BRS-RC, grafted onto P. gibertii and P. nitida, presented the best performance for weight of fruits, number of fruits and productivity. The cultivar that was grafted onto different rootstocks presented higher productivity in regards to the seedling plant. The BRS-RC, grafted onto P. nitida, presented a zero-mortality rate over the 16.5 months of cultivation. The rootstocks P. nitida and P. gibertii were superior to those of P. alata in reducing mortality in the passionfruit vine by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae. The confirmation was made of the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. passiflorae isolated in the experimental area in scions of the BRS-RC inoculated at 70 days of age.