Clear Bole Height Research Articles

Study on Morphological Traits of Natural Populations of Vaccinium uliginosum at Different Altitudinal Gradients on Changbai Mountain

Vaccinium uliginosum (VU) is one of the most precious wild berry plants distributed in the Changbai Mountain region in northeast China. Eight key morphological traits of VU were analyzed to examine the variation among and within five natural populations at different altitudes, as well as their response to environmental factors. The study results showed an increasing trend of variation among populations with ascending altitudes, but the range variation within populations exhibited a decreasing trend. The diversity level among populations was found to be higher than that within populations, and the five populations of VU were classified into four groups. Except for leaf width and twig length, all other morphological traits demonstrated significant or extremely significant correlations. Generally, with increasing altitude, leaf length decreased, while plant height, clear bole height, and basal diameter decreased significantly, and similar trends were observed with moisture factors, while a significant positive correlation was found with temperature factors. Among them, the morphological traits of clear bole height and basal diameter exhibited the strongest correlation with environmental factor variations. Overall, these findings indicate extensive variation in the morphological traits of VU within and among populations at different altitudes, with clear responses to changes in environmental factors.

Assessment of morphological variability in natural populations of Haldina cordifolia (Haldu)

The surveys were conducted in natural populations of Haldina cordifolia in the forest areas of three states of central India namely Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. Based on the growth parameters of the individual tree, a total of thirty trees from nine forest divisions of these three states were selected as candidate plus trees (CPTs). Variation was observed in girth at breast height (GBH), total height, and clear bole height (CBH) of trees surveyed. The maximum GBH was recorded in the CPTs of Balrampur (243.75 cm) while the minimum was recorded in Balaghat (115 cm). The maximum height of CPTs was recorded in Dindori (30.25 m) while the minimum was recorded in Allapalli (19 m). The maximum CBH% of total height was recorded in Bilaspur (44.22) while the minimum was recorded in Katghora (37.31). Higher GBH and height of trees may be resulted due to more age of trees. CPTs of Bilaspur were of middle age and showed the highest CBH% (44.22) and relatively low GBH and height when compared with those of Dindori and Balrampur. With age, the trees of Bilaspur will gain more height and girth which will result in higher yield.

Effect of Improved Planting Stock on Tree Growth, Wood Properties, and Soil Fertility of Teak Plantations 10 Years After Planting

Teak (Tectona grandis Linn. f.) is one of the most economically valuable types of tropical forest because teak wood has high durability, resilience and good aesthetic qualities. Teak tree improvement in Indonesia was initiated in 1983 producing planting stock for reforestation, i.e. clonal seed orchards (CSO) to produce seedling as sexual reproduction (referred to seedling), and hedge orchards to produce shoot cuttings as asexual (vegetative) reproductive (referred to shoot cuttings). Teak plantations established using seedling and shoot cuttings should improve forest productivity. The objectives of this study were to compare the growth rate, wood properties, and soil fertility of teak plantations propagated using seedling and shoot cuttings. Three square plots of 100 trees (10 × 10 trees; 1,000 m2) were established on both types of plantation and tree growth characteristics, wood properties, and soil fertility were monitored. The tree growth characteristics were diameter at breast height (DBH), tree height (H), clear bole height (CB), and volume of standing stock (Vss), and the wood properties included pilodyn penetration (PP) and stress wave velocity (SWV). Soil fertility was assessed from soil samples collected from three soil depths, with three replicates in each plot: 0–5 cm (top layer), 6–30 cm (middle layer), and 31–60 cm (bottom layer). Soil samples were analysed for total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, total calcium, and total magnesium. The results showed that the mean DBH, H, CB, and Vss differed significantly between the type of planting stock. The DBH, H, CB, and Vss values were 28.4%, 46.8%, 49.1%, and 130.1% higher, respectively, in teak plantations from shoot cuttings than from seedling. Moreover, the SWV of shoot cuttings planting stock plantation was 3.6% higher than from seedling. The mean PP did not differ significantly between teak plantations from shoot cuttings (22.00 mm) and seedling (21.80 mm). Furthermore, the planting stock did not affect soil fertility, which was highest in the top layer in all treatments. Our results suggest that teak plantations from shoot cuttings would increase growth, forest productivity, maintaining wood quality and soil fertility. Thus, it can maintain sustainable teak forest plantations.

Sex-Related Differences of Ginkgo biloba in Growth Traits and Wood Properties

Ginkgo biloba is one of the most widely cultivated dioecious timber trees in China. Understanding sex-related differences and how they affect growth traits and wood properties is crucial for informed management and optimal utilization of ginkgoes. In the present study, we collected 42 ginkgo samples and conducted DNA molecular identification to determine their sex. The result was a 1:1 ratio of male to female specimens. In addition, we measured 16 growth-trait and wood-property indices for these samples using advanced equipment, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the Hitman ST300 standing tree tool. For growth traits, significant differences were observed between male and female ginkgoes in terms of the diameter at breast height (DBH), clear bole height (CBH), height, and volume. Significant differences were identified in wood properties between male and female ginkgoes in terms of the degree of cellulose crystallinity (DCC), cell length, cell wall thickness, and wall-to-lumen ratio. Tracheids from female trees were found to be wider, with thicker cell walls, than those from male trees. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there was a slight separation between the sexes in terms of all growth traits, whereas there was no separation in wood properties. The membership function value (MFV) also showed that male ginkgo exhibited a more robust phenotype than female ginkgo. The selection of male ginkgo for breeding and utilization offers distinct advantages for practical production.

Candidate Plus Tree Selection of Buchanania lanzan Tree in Central Region of Chhattisgarh

Candidate plus tree selection is considered as an important and preliminary step in tree improvement program of a particular species. Plus tree selection is the first step to improve production and quality in forestry. In present study, 85 candidates plus trees of chironji showing good phenotype have been selected from different places covering three districts of central Chhattisgarh region viz., Mahasamund, Gariyabandh and Kabirdham following comparison tree method.The tree height, DBH, clear bole height and average crown diameter varied from 6.5 m-16.5 m, 10.50 cm-40.42 cm, 1.2 m-4.0 m and 2.1m-6.8 m respectively. The highest tree height found for CPT 2 as 16.5 m in Komakhan village, Mahasamund district. The highest tree diameter at breast height (DBH) was found (CPT 2) 40.42 cm in BK Bahra village, Mahasamund district. The highest average crown diameter found was observed for CPT 14 and CPT 20 as 6.8 m in Neyur village Kabirdham district.

Chemical and morphological variations in Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. – a species of commercial ayurvedic formulation triphla from central India

Terminalia bellirica is one of the high traded medicinal plant species, mainly known for its fruits which are bestowed with numerous biological activities and used in treatment of various ailments. The fruits are one of three ingredients of well-known Ayurvedic formulation ‘TRIPHLA’. The purpose of this study was to determine the variations for Gallic acid (GA), a chemical marker compound, as well as for key morphological traits (height, girth at breast height, clear bole height, fruit size) in trees from central Indian states viz. Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra. In this investigation, we also explored the correlation between the chemical marker and morphological features. The study suggested the maximum GA content (0.98±0.42%) in populations of Keregaon range of Dhamtari forest division of Chhattisgarh state which can be considered as superior chemotypes/ populations. The correlation analysis exhibited the positive association between fruit size and GA content.

Performance Evaluation and Correlation Coefficient Studies in Dek Tree

Twenty five plus trees of dek were selected from agro-climatic regions of Haryana, Punjab and Uttrakhand. The plus trees were selected on the basis of the different characters of economic importance viz. straightness, clear bole height, self-pruning ability, acute branch angle etc. Among all the plus trees the maximum tree height was observed in MC21 (17.9 m) whereas, the minimum in MC3 (6.5 m). The girth at breast height (gbh) of the selected plus trees varied from 60.9 to 180.8 cm and clear bole height was recorded highest from MC-21 closely followed by MC-13. The correlation among morphological traits of selected plus trees exhibited that clear bole height had positive and highly significant association with the tree height (r = 0.941) closely followed by crown spread (N-S direction) (r = 0.910). At the age of six months, progeny from MC-18 showed maximum shoot length (98.59 cm) followed by MC-16 and MC- 17 progenies. However, the highest root length was observed in the progenies from MC12 (20.84 cm) closely followed by MC-22 (20.46 cm) and MC13 (20.06 cm) progenies. The highest collar diameter was observed in progeny MC17 (13.73 mm) and lowest in MC5 (4.89 mm). The significant variation in growth attributes of progenies of selected plus tees at juvenile stage may be exploited for subsequent breeding programme and establishment of seed orchard for production of quality planting material of this versatile tree species.

Morpho-molecular diversity assessment of Indian kino (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.)

Tropical dry deciduous forests of central India harbours numerous socio-economically important tree species seriously threatened by biotic and abiotic factors. In this study, we assessed the mopho-molecular variation in Pterocarpus marsupium, a medicinally important tree species. Analysis of morphological data revealed that in P. marsupium, tree height ranged from 5.0 m to 48 m, clear bole height from 2.0 m to 26.0 m and girth at breast height from 45.0 cm to 345.0 cm. It is also evident that all the investigated morpho-metric traits have large amount of variation. The high estimates of coefficient of variation were recorded for crown radius (58%) followed by girth at breast height (54%) and tree height (34%). Molecular diversity analysis using 20 inter simple sequence repeat markers detected 76.7% polymorphism indicating existence of moderately high amount of variability. The average values of genetic diversity indices were 1.67 for mean observed number of alleles (Na), 1.57 for effective number of alleles (Ne), 0.46 for Shannon's information index (I), and 0.32 for expected heterozygosity (He). Bayesian model-based STRUCTURE analysis revealed existence of two admixed genetic clusters of P. marsupium. Further, analysis of molecular variance suggests that most of the variation exists within (91%), rather than among clusters. Sara, Semariya, Lamta and Bahoriband populations were found to be appropriate candidates for initiating conservation measures. The overall results could be a valuable input for formulating effective and integrated in-situ and ex-situ conservation plan for this valuable forestry species.

Tree species diversity of Pegunungan Bintang, Papua, Indonesia as potency of wood supply

Abstract. Murdjoko A, Djitmau DA, Sirami EV, Siburian RHS, Ungirwalu A, Mardiyadi Z, Wanma JF, Mofu WY, Marwa J, Susanti CME, Tokede MJ, Imburi CS, Sagrim M, Mamboai H, Sonbait LY, Dwiranti F, Salosa YY, Paembonan JB, Wiradyo ET, Unenor E, Benu NMH, Saragih ASB. 2021. Tree species diversity of Pegunungan Bintang, Papua, Indonesia as potency of wood supply. Biodiversitas 22: 5645-5655. The tropical rainforest is a primary global concern in many aspects. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the tree diversity in Pegunungan Bintang Forest, Papua, Indonesia. There are 10 dominant species from seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees, indicating the timber production potency. This study set systematic plots in Murkim and Teiraplu Sub-districts to collect taxonomic information, diameter, and clear bole height samples. The results showed that the forest was categorized as a tropical mixed due to diverse tree species. The leading plant families included Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lauraceae, and Anacardiaceae, with various seedlings, saplings, poles, and trees. The potency of timber was reflected through sample distribution using the reverse J-shaped curve, identifying the merchantable trees with larger and smaller diameters as re-established. However, timber utilization management requires silvicultural treatments using selective logging by diameter limit and logging cycle for forest sustainability.

Growth performance of Acacia mangium provenances in Parung Panjang, Bogor and its correlation with physical and mechanical wood properties

Wood quality and growth are two important parameters that need to be analyzed for the utilization and selection of superior genotypes. The objective of this research was to investigate the ten provenances growth characteristics and their physical and mechanical properties of Acacia mangium at Parung Panjang, Bogor. The provenance trial was arranged in three blocks of a randomized completely blocks design. In every provenance, 18 trees were sampled resulting in a total of 180 trees in each block representing each provenance measured for their total height, clear bole height, stem diameter at breast height, stem form, branching system, and crown form. Three individual trees were selected randomly from each provenance for wood properties traits, i.e. moisture content, density, modulus of elasticity (MOE) and modulus of rapture (MOR). Significant differences among provenances were detected for stem diameter, clear bole height, branching system and crown form, while total height and stem form revealed not significantly different. Most of growth parameters was not significantly correlated with physical and mechanical wood traits, except for MOR, it revealed significant correlation with the total tree height, stem form, and branching system. Generally, some growth characteristics were not a good indicator for selecting the best provenance in wood properties. The best growth performance was revealed by Kiriwo/Serisa WP, Bimadebun Village, and Balimo District, but from wood quality, the superior provenance was revealed by Bimadebun Village with the lower moisture content, the highest wood density, the highest MOE and MOR. The Bimadebun Village provenance is potential to be developed as provenance seed stand, especialy for solid (contruction) wood.

Study on evaluation of lightscape under forests in urban parks

In order to explore the evaluation system of lights cape under forest in the urban park, an evaluation system of lights cape under forest in the urban park was constructed, which was composed of physical factors, psychological factors and spatial factors and the corresponding 12 indexes affecting the lights cape based on Grey Statistical Theory and Analytic Hierarchy Process. The results show that: 1) Psychological and physical factors are the dominant influencing indexes in the evaluation system, and the weight accounting of these factors is more than 70%. 2) The total weight of illumination uniformity is higher than other evaluation indexes. 3)The important indicators and sub-important indicators that affect the evaluation of lights cape under forest in the urban park are as follows: illumination Uniformity, satisfaction of lights cape, audio-visual coordination, sky View Factor, daylight factor under forests, perception of privacy, perception of security and clear bole height, etc. The evaluation system is expected to provide theoretical basis and effective methods for the future study in urban light environment.

Assessment of morphological variation and association studies in Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob. from Central India

ABSTRACTLitsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Rob., one of the important non-timber forestry species in Central India, is represented by highly fragmented populations and has been drastically reduced for the last 40 years, promulgating government ban on its extraction. In the present investigation, we investigated variation for important morpho-metric traits, i.e. tree height (m), clear bole height (m), girth at breast height (cm), crown radius (m), crown diameter (m), crown height (m), number of primary branches, leaf area (cm2), leaf weight (gm), specific leaf area (cm2/g), bark wt/unit area (g), and their relationship. Investigation revealed existence of high level of variation for clear bole height, crown diameter, girth at breast height, and crown radius. A critical perusal of character correlation and path analysis revealed that tree height followed by crown radius, girth at breast height, and number of branches had the highest positive direct effect on bark weight/unit area. These traits should be included in the selection criteria for L. glutinosa. The observed high estimates of genetic variation for morpho-metric traits are, however, in contrast to the established relationship between genetic variation and population size. Populations of Balaghat and Chhindwara localities should be given due considerations for in situ conservation as they are in viable numbers and grouped in major clusters.

Growth dynamics of different half-sib families of Melia azedarach Linn.

The genetic diversity and growth dynamics of fifty-three half-sib families of eleven provenance sources and one bulk seed mixed population of fast growing forest tree species i.e. Melia azedarach were studied at two stand ages viz., fourth year (mid-rotation) and eighth year (end-rotation) to determine the selection stage in northern India. Significant variations were reported between and within seed provenances in all growth characters at both rotational ages. The broad sense heritability was higher at mid-rotational age. This revealed the growth is genetically controlled but with the time environmental effects escort the growth pattern. Growth pattern was different at each stand age. Growth is diameter dependent and the pattern was crown growth type. Families maintained their superiority over the time for tree height, basal diameter and diameter at breast height, which indicated a strong potential to identify good performing families for future plantation program. This study concluded that early stage selection is appropriate that later stage selection for all parameters studied except clear bole height that is much influenced by management practice and environment factors also. Neighbor-joining clustering with similarity index revealed that it is not necessary that the families, originated in one region were distributed in one cluster, indicating that families with same geographic origin could have undergone changes for different characters under selection.

The growth and genetic potentials of gempol (Nauclea orientalis L.) as shading trees in urban landscapes

Gempol (Nauclea orientalis L.) is a fast-growing species with a wide crown and large diameter. This native species has the ability to replenish soil fertility and to control erosion and may be integrated in urban landscapes for genetic conservation purposes. However, the ecological function of the species as well as the genetic potentials of this species have not been investigated. This study aimed to assess the growth performance and to evaluate the genetic potentials of gempol by utilizing the progeny test stand that was established in 2011 using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The area was divided into 10 blocks in which each block was represented by 49 families planted using 4-tree-plot replication. The observation showed that as much as 67% of the trees had a straight stem form with the average score of 4.38. The diameter ranged between 9.17 – 14.23 cm, with a total height that ranged 5.90 – 8.60 m and a crown diameter with a range of 2.06 – 3.32 m. Depending on the traits, the heritability varied between low to high. Clear bole height performed the highest heritability with a value of 0.60 (family) and 0.52 (individual). A Crown diameter indicated a moderate positive correlation with a diameter degree of 0.328 and denoted a strong positive correlation with a total height degree of 0.798.

Conservation and selection of plus trees of Pongamia pinnata in Bali, Indonesia

Arpiwi NL, Wahyuni IGAS, Muksin IK, Sutomo. 2018. Conservation and selection of plus trees of Pongamia pinnata in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1607-1614. Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre or commonly known as pongamia is a tropical legume tree produces oil seeds for biodiesel feedstock. The aims of present study were mapping growth sites of pongamia in Bali, counting the number of trees and selecting plus trees based on growth parameters such as total height, clear bole height, diameter at breast height, canopy width, and oil content. Method of plus tree selection was comparison tree where one candidate tree was compared with 5 nearby check trees from each village. A total of 126 pongamia trees were found in coastal beach of Bali. The majority of trees were in the north west of the island. Temperature ranges from 26-28oC, humidity ranges from 74-80% and altitude 5-50 meters above sea level. Eight pongamia plus trees were selected from 4 villages namely Kalibukbuk, Pengulon, Pemogan, and Sanur. In conclusion, pongamia was mostly distributed in the northern-west part of the Bali Island of Buleleng District. Lower number of trees was also found in the southern and western part of the island. Trees either scattered or grown in small groups. The number of pongamia tree in Bali is small and this needs further action for conserving the species.

Effect of Spacing on Growth and Increment of Hardwickia binata Roxb. in Semi Arid Region of Rajasthan

Spacing is one of the most important considerations in plantations to avoid the competition and effective utilization of resources among the agricultural crops and trees. The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of spacing on growth and increment of 30-year old Hardwickia binata Roxb. at Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), Regional Research Station, Pali-Marwar which is located between 25°47’-25°49’ E and 73°17’-73°18’ N at 217–220 m MSL. Two tree spacing i.e. closer spacing (666 tree ha−1 with 5×3 m2 spacing) and wider spacing (333 tree ha−1 with 10×3 m2 spacing) were adopted with Randomized Block Design and replicated twice. Results exhibited significant effect of spacing on the growth and yield of the trees in Hardwickia binata plantation. Among the different spacing regimes, wider spacing of 3×10 m2 resulted better tree height, DBH, tree circumferences, number of branches, clear bole height, crown width, crown length and tree volume. In general, DBH, tree circumference, crown width and crown length and tree volume is more in wider spacing with less tree density while lesser in closer spacing with high tree density. But there is not much differences in tree height and number of branches between two different spacing. Therefore, this study indicates that the increased spacing between the Hardwickia binata trees resulted better growth and increment compared to closer spacing.

天然次生林蒙古栎种群空间格局

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 天然次生林蒙古栎种群空间格局 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201707101243 作者: 作者单位: 中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家"十三五"重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0504101） Spatial pattern of Quercus mongolica in natural secondary forest Author: Affiliation: Research Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Research Institute of Forest Resources Information Techniques,Chinese Academy of Forestry Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:以蒙古栎天然次生林中的蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）种群为研究对象，在吉林省汪清林业局塔子沟林场设置了2块1hm2群落组成和结构存在差异的样地（样地A、样地B）。采用相邻网格调查法将每块样地划分为100个10m×10m的调查单元，精确定位单元内每株林木的空间坐标（X，Y），调查所有胸径（DBH）≥1cm的林木基本信息。采用径阶替代年龄的方法，将蒙古栎划分为4个不同的生长阶段：Ⅰ龄级（1cm≤DBH < 10cm），Ⅱ龄级（10cm≤DBH < 20cm），Ⅲ龄级（20cm≤DBH < 30cm），Ⅳ龄级（DBH≥30cm）。运用单变量、双变量成对相关函数、标记相关函数、标记变异函数，分析了不同群落中蒙古栎种群在不同空间尺度上的分布格局。结果显示：（1）两块样地中蒙古栎在大尺度上均呈随机分布，聚集分布主要集中在中小尺度，这主要是由Ⅰ、Ⅱ龄级的蒙古栎在中小尺度上的强度聚集所致，两块样地均未出现均匀分布的格局；样地A中蒙古栎聚集的尺度和强度均明显大于样地B中蒙古栎的聚集；（2）样地A中Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ龄级的蒙古栎之间在中小尺度上呈正关联，高龄级与低龄级之间则呈负关联，尤其是Ⅳ龄级与Ⅰ、Ⅱ龄级之间；而样地B中几乎未出现负关联的格局，各龄级之间以无关联为主，伴随以小尺度和低强度的正关联；（3）样地A中蒙古栎的空间自相关性较强，尤其体现在林木胸径方面；相比之下，样地B中胸径和树高的空间自相关得以减弱。上述结果表明，研究的空间尺度大小、物种的生长阶段、群落的发育程度均会给蒙古栎种群的空间分布格局造成影响。该研究有助于深入了解蒙古栎及蒙古栎次生林的现状、生长特性和发展趋势，可为东北林区大面积的蒙古栎天然次生林的可持续经营提供参考。 Abstract:Spatial signatures often reveal ecological processes, and spatial pattern analysis is an important method for studying population characteristics, interspecies relationships, and the relationships between population and the environment. Due to the distinctive characteristics and the current situation of Quercus mongolica in China, it is necessary to investigate the ecological processes in Q. mongolica stands. To realize the status and development tendency of the Q. mongolica population in the Q. mongolica natural secondary forest, its spatial patterns were studied based on two permanent sample plots(plot A and plot B) with different compositions and structures(i.e.,different coenotypes) over an area of 1hm2(100m×100m) in Tazigou Forest Farm of Wangqing Forestry Bureau, Jilin province. The essential features, which include species identity, diameter at breast height(DBH), tree height, clear bole height, crown breadth, and coordinate information of each tree(DBH ≥ 1), of the two plots were surveyed by the adjacent grid method(10m×10m). Using the method of diameter class(instead of the age), Q. mongolica was divided into four different growth stages:stage I(1cm ≤ DBH < 10cm), stage Ⅱ(10cm ≤ DBH < 20cm), stage Ⅲ(20cm ≤ DBH < 30cm), stage IV(DBH ≥ 30cm). In accordance with the spatial point pattern theory, univariate pair-correlation function g1(r), bivariate pair-correlation function g12(r), mark correlation function kmm(r), and mark variogram function γ(r) were adopted to evaluate the spatial patterns of Q. mongolica in different communities at various scales. The results showed that(1) All Q. mongolica populations in the two plots showed random spatial distribution at large scales, and the aggregated distribution was mainly concentrated at medium and small scales. The aggregated distribution at stages I and Ⅱ at medium and small scales was the primary cause for the above phenomenon. Uniform distribution was not observed in the two plots at all scales. The aggregated distribution of Q. mongolica in plot A is stronger than that in plot B.(2) The spatial associations of Q. mongolica among the stages I, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ in plot A are positive at medium and small scales. The spatial associations between older age and younger age classes were negative, especially between the stages IV, I, and Ⅱ. In plot B, however, negative spatial association was scarcely observed at all scales. The relationships between different stages were mostly uncorrelated with positive spatial association at small scale and low intensity.(3) The spatial autocorrelation of plot A is stronger than that of plot B, and the conspicuous expression mainly appears at DBH. The spatial autocorrelation of plot B for DBH and height is weakened to some extent compared to that of plot A. These results demonstrated that the spatial patterns of Q. mongolica are affected by the space scale of the sample plot, the growth stage of species, and the developmental stage of the community. This helps us to understand the current situation, growth characteristics, and developmental tendency of Q. mongolica population and its natural secondary forest, and can provide an important reference for sustainable forest management and ecosystem conservation in the Q. mongolica natural secondary forest area of northeast China. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Carbon storage potential of shelter belt agroforestry system in northern transitional zone of Karnataka, India

Carbon sequestration has been suggested as a means to mitigate the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration. As agrisilviculture systems is one of the better options for stocking of carbon in plants and in soil. In the present study, carbon sequestration was quantified both biomass as well as in soil of agrisilviculture sys-tem six different tree species were selected such as, Pongamia pinnata, Dalbergia sissoo, Acacia auriculiformis, Tectona grandis, Casuarina equisitifolia, Azadirachta indica in shelterbelt of agroforestry system in arid region of Karnataka. Among six different tree species planted under shelterbelt, the growth performance with respect to gbh, height, clear bole height and basal area was highest in A. auriculiformis and A. indica. While maximum above ground biomass was observed in A. auriculiformis (59.75 t ha-1) followed by T.grandis (56.62 t ha-1), respectively. Whereas, below ground biomass was highest in T. grandis (20.25t ha-1) followed by A. auriculiformis (14.75t ha-1). Above ground carbon sequestration was highest in A. auriculiformis (13.30 t ha-1) followed by T. grandis (12.20 t ha-1), respectively. Whereas, below ground carbon sequestration was more in T. grandis (4.35 t ha-1) followed by A. auriculiformis (3.95 t ha-1). The Shelterbelt system sequestered 0.43 to 1.34% soil organic carbon stock in different depth. The carbon sequestered in different tree species was varying from 3.48 tons to 17.25 t ha-1.Growing tree crops in shelterbelts, bunds in the agroforestry systems will enhance accumulation of carbon stocking and provide additional benefits to the farmer’s income. It also regulates microclimate and increases the tree cover in agricultural field.

KARAKTERISASI MORFOLOGI SENGON (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) HASIL MUTASI RADIASI SINAR GAMMA Morphological Characterization of Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen) Gamma Radiation Mutation Results

Mutation is a process of change in genetic structure of particular organisme. Genetic changes due to mutation can produce new characteristic and increase genetic diversity, which will be utilized for improvement program. Several artificial mutation programs have proved to produce new superior individual. One common artificial mutation used is gamma radiation. This study aimed to characterize 9 years old gamma irradiated sengon trees, with doses 0, 5, 10, and 15 krad based on its morphological characters, wood density, resistant to diseases. The observed parameters were tree diameter, height, volume, clear bole height, stem straightness, permanent branch, number of branches, canopy length, wood density and resistance to gall rust disease. Average values of all parameters of mutant lines does not differ significantly from control trees, however some individuals have better morphological characters than others. Mutant lines with 5 krad dose have close association with permanent branch and stem straightness, 15 krad dose with volume, diameter, height and crown length, while 10 krad with number of branches. Average wood density of mutant lines did not differ significantly from control either, with highest value belonged to 10 krad dose. Selected superior tree candidates were individuals with number 5.07, K1, 15.27, and 15 NN.Key word: breeding, characterization, mutation, sengon.

Growth and productivity of Tectona grandis Linn. f. in plantations and farmlands in coastal zone of Karnataka (India)

The present study was conducted to understand the growth performance and productivity potential of Tectona grandis grown in plantation as well as in the farmlands at coastal zone of Karnataka. The growth of teak tree grown in farmland was significantly higher than tree grown in pure plantation. For instance, the overall height(11.95 m), diameter (23.69 cm), clear bole height (6.20 m), tree volume (0.61 m3) and timber volume (0.33 m3) was higher in farmland than trees grown in pure plantation (11.60 m, 20.33 cm, 4.90 m, 0.42 m3 and 0.18 m3, respectively). However, crown parameters did not show significant difference among trees grown in pure plantations and farmlands. There was a strong influence of age on growth of teak trees grown in both farmland and pure plantation. For instance, tree height (14.72 m) and diameter (30.52 cm) of higher age class (A4: 21-25 years) was maximum as compared lower age class (A1: 5-10 years) with values of 8.29 m and 17.14 cm, respectively. Similar trend was also recorded for volume, clear bole height, crown height, crown length and crown diameter in teak. It was concluded that teak grown in farmland may produce higher growth and volume as compared to pure plantation.