Clean Control Research Articles

EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KAYAKALPA PRACTICES AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN SOUTH ZONE PHCs OF BENGALURU DISTRICT: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Background: Kayakalpa practices, introduced under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, focus on improving cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control in healthcare facilities. Evaluating their effectiveness, particularly among healthcare workers (HCWs), is crucial for ensuring these objectives are met. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the awareness, adherence, and perceived effectiveness of Kayakalpa practices among healthcare workers in the South Zone PHCs of Bengaluru District, as well as to identify the factors influencing these outcomes. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 200 healthcare workers from selected PHCs in the South Zone of Bengaluru, using stratified random sampling to ensure representation across different job roles. A structured questionnaire was administered to assess awareness, adherence, perceived effectiveness, and barriers to adherence. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, employing descriptive statistics, chi-square tests for associations, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis to identify predictors of adherence and perceived effectiveness. Results: Awareness of Kayakalpa practices was high, with 75% of participants reporting knowledge of the guidelines. However, adherence was lower at 55%. Chi-square tests revealed significant associations between job role and adherence (χ² = 12.34, p < 0.05), and between perceived effectiveness and the frequency of training (χ² = 9.67, p < 0.01). Correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between awareness and adherence (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that both awareness (β = 0.35, p < 0.05) and availability of resources (β = 0.28, p < 0.05) were significant predictors of adherence. Perceived effectiveness was significantly associated with adherence (β = 0.42, p < 0.01) and regular training (β = 0.31, p < 0.05). Discussion: The study highlights a gap between awareness and adherence to Kayakalpa practices among HCWs, with adherence being influenced by both awareness and resource availability. The effectiveness of the practices was found to be closely linked to adherence and the provision of continuous training. The chi-square analysis underscores the role of job role and training frequency in adherence and perceived effectiveness. Conclusion: While awareness of Kayakalpa practices is relatively high, adherence remains a challenge, limiting the overall effectiveness of the initiative. Targeted interventions, including regular training and improved resource allocation, are necessary to enhance adherence and maximize the impact of these practices on hygiene and infection control in PHCs. KEYWORDS: Kayakalpa, healthcare workers, primary health centres, awareness, adherence, infection control, multiple regression, chi-square

Transforming Hospital Housekeeping: The Kayakalp Journey.

The Kayakalp guidelines for public healthcare facilities under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (Clean India Mission) focus on improving sanitation, cleanliness, and infection control at public hospitals in India. This study was conducted in a 960-bed tertiary-level teaching hospital in eastern India. Housekeeping has been a challenge in public institutions, with factors like overcrowding and resource constraints. Tobacco and betel nut chewing, spitting, poor sanitation practices, and open urination are major challenges in ensuring sanitation at the hospital. The research objective was to study the implementation of the Kayakalp guidelines for quality improvement in housekeeping services at the institution. A pre- and post-interventional study was conducted using the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) quality tool. Plan phases included the gap assessment using the Kayakalp checklist with numerical scoring. Necessary interventions were done under three headings: structure, processes, and outcomes in the "Do" phase. The "Check" phase included monitoring of the activities followed by the "Act" phase, which included a review of the action plan. External experts nominated by the government conducted the final assessments and recommended it as one of the cleanest hospitals. A 360-degree improvement was observed in hospital services, with assessment score improvement from 73.68% to 95.0%. The institution received the first prize in 2020 and 2021 and runners-up Kayakalp National Award under category "B" (Institute of National Importance) Hospitals in 2019. The implementation of Kayakalp guidelines of the Government of India proved to be efficient in the improvement of housekeeping and infection control practices in the institution.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC CIGARETTE SMOKE DETECTION SYSTEM USING TA12-100 AND MQ-135 SENSORS

Indonesia is ranked 3rd with the highest number of active smokers in the world after India and China. Cigarettes contain more than 4000 chemical compounds that are harmful to active smokers and passive smokers. The large number of active smokers in Indonesia also has an impact on passive smokers where passive smokers also inhale cigarette smoke. The purpose of this research is to build an automatic cigarette smoke detector to support air hygiene control, protect passive smokers, and save electricity used. The stages in designing this research include analysis of product specifications, assembly, programming, and trials. This study was designed using Arduino UNO as the microcontroller, the MQ-135 sensor as a tool to detect cigarette smoke, the TA12-100 sensor to calculate electrical power consumption, the relay as an automatic switch, and the exhaust fan as a smoke neutralizer. The results of this study are that the MQ-135 sensor can detect cigarette smoke properly with the Relay as an automatic switch that functions to turn on the exhaust fan automatically. Based on the test results on the TA12-100 sensor, the consumption of electrical energy with an automatic mechanism is more efficient than the consumption of electrical energy in a manual way, with a difference of 0.0000385 kWH and Rp. 0.05205. Future research could focus on developing a more complex system for overall air cleanliness control, rather than just focusing on cigarette smoke detection.

Interactions Between Alumina Inclusions at the Liquid Iron/Argon Gas Interface: Role of Contact Line Undulation

A deep understanding of the behavior of nonmetallic inclusions is essential for steel cleanliness control. The behavior of alumina inclusions at the liquid iron/argon gas interface is investigated using a high‐temperature confocal scanning laser microscope. The obtained images are used to determine the moving velocity of the inclusions on the interface. The obtained experimental data are quantitatively evaluated using the lateral capillary interaction model for multipole orders established by Danov–Kralchevsky while taking into account the resistive drag force. The attraction forces calculated from these data are in the range between ≈10−13 and ≈10−11 N. The best‐fitting model is assigned for each case. The multipole models almost counterbalance the drag force, indicating a good interpretation of the interaction between the inclusions. Moreover, the acting length of this interaction is examined and compared to the previous work on Ce2O3 inclusions. It is found that alumina inclusions generally exhibit a larger acting length at a large critical radius and a smaller acting length at a small critical radius when comparing them to their counterpart cerium oxide inclusions. Considering the particle shapes, high shape irregularity is better interpreted by higher orders of the multipoles.

Design and Numerical Study of Induction-Heating Graphitization Furnace Based on Graphene Coils

Induction-heating graphitization furnaces are widely used to produce high-purity graphite products due to their high heating rate, high-limit temperatures, safety, cleanliness, and precise control. However, the existing induction-heating systems based on copper coils have limited energy efficiency. This paper proposes a new induction-heating graphitization furnace based on graphene coils. Due to the excellent high-temperature resistance of the macroscopic graphene material, the coil can be placed closer to the graphite heater, which improves the electromagnetic efficiency; the coil itself does not need to pass cooling water, which reduces the heat loss of the furnace and ultimately results in a higher energy efficiency of the induction furnace. In this paper, a numerical model of the induction-heating process is established and verified, the temperature-field and electromagnetic-field distributions of the heating process are analyzed by using the model, and the energy balance calculations are performed for the original furnace and the new furnace. Through a comparison, it was found that the new furnace possesses an electromagnetic efficiency of 84.87% and a thermal efficiency of 20.82%, and it can reduce the energy consumption by 33.34%, compared with the original furnace. In addition, the influence of the coil parameters on the performance of the induction furnace is discussed. By changing the coil conductivity, the induction furnace can achieve an energy efficiency of 17.76%–18.11%. This study provides new ideas for the application of macroscopic graphene materials in high-temperature induction heating.

Evolution of oxide inclusions and cleanliness control in Al-killed GCr15SiMn bearing steel during secondary refining process

The evolution of oxide inclusions and cleanliness control in Al-killed GCr15SiMn bearing steel was investigated using a combination of industrial tests and thermodynamic calculations during the secondary refining process. Three different refining conditions were employed in the LF process. With varying ranges of slag basicity (about 5.6–5.7, 4.8–4.9 and 3.9–4.3) and Al content (0.028–0.035 mass%, 0.023–0.025 mass% and 0.014–0.02 mass%), the total oxygen content in the steel after VD refining was measured as 0.0019 mass%, 0.0017 mass% and 0.0008 mass%, respectively. Throughout the refining process, the inclusions underwent a transformation from MgO-Al2O3 (or Al2O3) into CaO-Al2O3(-MgO), and eventually to CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 inclusions. Furthermore, it was observed that under high Al content and slag basicity refining conditions, a significant number of inclusions in VD treatment were formed and transformed into CaO·Al2O3·SiO2 inclusions enriched with 60 mass% CaO. This indicated that when the proportion of CaO in calcium aluminates exceeded 45 mass%, there was an increased risk of larger-sized inclusions. Conversely, refining conditions with a slag basicity of 3.9–4.3 and an Al content of 0.014–0.02 mass% demonstrated effective inclusion control, resulting in lower number density, smaller sizes within 10 μm and an average composition located in the liquid region. This study carries important practical significance for the smelting of high cleanliness GCr15SiMn bearing steel.

A Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) of MCDM Problems for Selection of Medical Best Bearing Ring

Bearings offers a variety of products designed to meet the rigorous requirements of the medical sector for patient safety, such as diagnostic and laboratory equipment, surgical and dental instruments, ventilators, heart pumps, etc. In the field of medical instruments, the bearing rings compromise from superior quality metals to perform surgical operations safely. The selection of the best bearing ring materials for medical applications is a critical task that involves considering various factors to ensure optimal performance, reliability, and safety. The study explores challenges and criteria in selecting the ideal bearing ring for medical devices and equipment. The criteria discussed encompass material compatibility, biocompatibility, lubrication requirements, precision, cleanliness, durability, noise and vibration control, size and dimension, load capacity, temperature and environmental conditions, regulatory compliance, manufacturing considerations, compatibility with adjacent components, maintenance, and serviceability. The challenges mainly include biocompatibility validation, material selection, performance requirements, regulatory compliance, size limitations, cost considerations, supply chain reliability, long-term stability, maintenance, expertise, and collaboration. To address the current challenges of medical bearing the study needs to understand the medical requirements, and engagement with trusted suppliers and regulatory bodies. The study presents a multi-criteria decision-making methodology (MCDM) problem with various criteria and alternatives with uncertainty conditions. The decision maker’s perspectives evaluate the importance of criteria and alternatives. The neutrosophic set is used to deal with uncertainty conditions. The study illustrates a solution to select the best bearing ring to ensure the success and safety of medical applications. The MCDM provides solutions to choose the best bearing ring. A Combined Compromised Solution (CoCoSo) method is used as an MCDM method with neutrosophic theory to select the best alternatives. A numerical case study is presented to show the applicability and availability of the proposed methodology.

White LED induced photooxidation aging of epoxy / carbon fibre reinforced polymer and its implications for cleanroom cleanliness and contamination control

The alteration of an epoxy-based Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) by visible light is investigated by accelerating the aging process. Several parameters are studied such as the dose, the wavelength effect, or the atmospheric composition. The degradation is found to be led by a photooxidation process using light of wavelength up to typically 500 nm irradiation and affects the first microns of the irradiated surface. Besides, when the aged CFRP is gently rubbed, micrometric epoxy particles can be generated. Such particle formation might have important impact on some industries due to the wide use of CFRPs. The study is extended to other types of resins and includes results on non-accelerated aging. Recommendations are given to limit and control the risk of aging.

6 Exploring professional-robot interactions in care settings: a case of adopting an Irish air-disinfection device in a nursing home in Japan

Abstract Background Digital welfare technologies are increasingly expected to perform a broader set of functions and roles. The worldwide COVID-19 pandemic further underscored use of technology, as it heightened the need for security and safety in care settings, with cleanliness and infection control becoming an even more important aspect of care delivery. While there are great expectations for digitalization and automation of care work, bringing new technologies such as robots into a workplace remains a challenge in terms of acceptance and usability, as well as a reflection of user preferences and needs. Methods An original air-disinfection ‘robot’ was developed for a cross-cultural research project, and was introduced to a residential nursing home in Japan. Prior to its instalment, seven main users (physiotherapists, nurses and social care professionals) were trained by the developer. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted before, during and after the trial in order to understand care professionals’ needs regarding and impressions of the device. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was also used to test professionals’ experience with the device. Results Overall, the users had a positive experience of using the robot (SUS score of 74.3/100). During the trial, the team of users changed the inorganic appearance of the robot by adding a face, hair, hands and music to it. The qualitative data reveal how additional efforts were made to transform a piece of air-disinfection equipment into an interactive and accessible robot for older adults. The appropriate size and the level of automation were also raised as essential points for design consideration. Conclusion There is great potential for a variety of care robots to be deployed and evaluated beyond cultural boundaries, but local knowledge and professional expertise are crucial to smooth implementation. The study ‘Harmonisation towards the establishment of Person-centred, Robotics-aided Care System’ was supported by the Toyota Foundation (D18-ST-0005, 2019–2022).

Euclid cleanliness and contamination control

Euclid is a space-based optical/near-infrared survey mission of the European Space Agency (ESA) to investigate the nature of dark energy, dark matter and gravity by observing the geometry of the Universe and the formation of structures over cosmological timescales. It will operate at L2 and it will survey about 36% of the sky on a 6 year mission, all with high image quality and stability. To allow such scientific achievements, an integrated cleanliness and contamination control (CCC) have been put in place covering all phases of Euclid development until end of operations. This document describes the design challenges, the engineering and AIT solutions used to control and to monitor the entire mission life time contamination from organic and particulate sources as well as the in-orbit water ice contamination.

Adjustment strategy for supply air volume balance and algorithm for multi-room differential pressure gradient in an air conditioning purifier system

Air change times and differential pressure (DP) gradient are important indicators for measuring the cleanliness of a cleanroom. In the traditional dust-free room, the control requirements of supply air volume (Gs) and DP balance are usually achieved by adjusting fan frequency and angle of the constant air volume valve or variable air volume valve, which wastes remarkable amounts of time, money and cannot achieve accurate regulation. Therefore, based on the analysis of cleanroom model, a Gs balance adjusting strategy (SAVS) and DP adjustment algorithm (DPGA) were proposed. After the influence of a multi-room Gs adjustment sequence was analyzed, the SAVS was found to achieve Gs balance in a multi-room area. Based on constant Gs, a theoretical analysis of differential pressure air volume, and adjustments of the distribution of return air volume and exhaust air volume, the DPGA realized the stability of DP gradient in the multi-room area. In the experimental verification of the model, the relevant errors of total Gs, total fresh air volume, and total exhaust air volume of system were within [–143, 265] m3/h. Compared with the room Gs calculated by the algorithm, the Gs error was maintained within [–1.8%, 5.3%]. Compared with the room DP calculated by the algorithm, the DP error was maintained within [–1.9, 1.3] Pa. Using the SAVS and DPGA, the energy consumption of the cleanroom operation was reduced by 18.58%. The system scheme is provided for cleanroom cleanliness and pressure difference control, and the energy consumption of the system is reduced.

Measuring spectators' perception toward peripheral stadium quality services after COVID-19: impact on their emotions and attendance intentions

PurposeThe perception of sport consumers on peripheral stadium-quality services (PSQS) has evolved after compulsory precautionary measures were imposed on gatherings to alleviate the spread of coronavirus. This study attempts to reassess five principal dimensions of PSQS? Stadium parking, stadium cleanliness, fan control, food services and perceived crowding? through reflecting on the COVID-19 control and prevention measures established during this pandemic. Furthermore, it aims to measure the impact of the multi-dimensional PSQS on spectators' emotions and future attendance intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe purposive sampling technique was used to collect data from spectators watching the live matches of cricket at the stadium. A total of 680 responses were collected from spectators and uploaded to the measurement model. The covariance-based structural equation modeling technique was used subsequently for analysis purposes.FindingsThe study found a positive impact of the stadium cleanliness and fan control services on spectators' happiness and excitement emotions; and a negative impact of stadium parking, stadium cleanliness, fan control and perceived crowding on their anger, anxiety and dejection emotions. The happiness and excitement emotions of the spectators induced them to visit again at the stadium. Of all the peripheral quality services, the study found only stadium cleanliness service indirectly effect spectators' revisit intentions through excitement emotion as a mediator.Research limitations/implicationsThe incorporation of the safety procedures through PSQS can reduce spectators' negative emotions especially when they face psychological fear of the pandemic. These services work as a stimulus for spectators that directly affect their organism (emotions) and indirectly affect their response (attendance intentions).Originality/valueThis study contributed to sports research by novelty evaluating sport consumers' perception of the PSQS after incorporating COVID-19 preventive measures. It empirically examines the effect PSQS on spectators' emotions and re-visits intentions.

Impact on Kayakalp scores after undertaking of a primary health center by community medicine dept. of a medical college of J and K.

To complement the Swachhata Abhiyaan effort, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, initiated "KAYAKALP." Kayakalp is an initiative to improve the cleanliness, hygiene, and sanitation of public health facilities by recognizing and giving awards to those who exhibit a high level of cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control. Our study aimed to assess the level of cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control practices in the health care facility after undertaking by the department of Community Medicine of a medical college. A retrospective comparative observational study was conducted at RHTC in the Kathua district of UT J and K. We compare the level of cleanliness, hygiene, and infection control practices using the Kayakalp scoring tool before and after taking over by the department of Community Medicine of a medical college. The scoring for various areas of concern is based on a checklist for quality assessment which includes facility upkeep, sanitation and hygiene, waste management, and infection control. The total scores vary before and after undertaking of a Primary Health Center (PHC) by the Community Medicine Department of new medical college of J and K. Overall scores vary from the baseline score of 56% before to 84% now after 2 years of the undertaking. Resource management and capacity building under the guidance of public health professionals can result in a significant increase in hygiene, cleanliness, and infection control. So integrated approach involves public health specialists and other medical professionals like medical officers, field workers, sanitary inspectors. etc., can be helpful in recognizing the challenges and barriers.

Investigation of Liquid Metal Cleanliness Control Methods Applied to Aluminum Alloys

Endüstride alüminyum, cevherden (birincil alüminyum) ve hurda malzemelerden (ikincil alüminyum) üretilmektedir. Gerek geri dönüşüm ile ülke ekonomisinegerekse rekabet piyasası ile işletmeciye sağladığı katkı ile ikincil alüminyum kullanımı döküm endüstrisinde oldukça fazla yer almaktadır. Ancak ikincil alüminyumun avantajı yapıda bulunan inklüzyonlar, safsızlıklar, hidrojen gazları, oksit filmleri gibi etkenlerin temizlenmesine bağlıdır. Geri dönüşüm yoluyla alüminyumun kullanımında sıvı metal temizliği oldukça önemlidir ve temizleme işlemi için endüstriyel uygulamalarda çeşitli alternatifler mevcuttur. Uygulanan temizleme işleminin uygunluğunun kontrolü ve verimli olup olmadığının belirlenmesi için çeşitli test teknikleri de kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada alüminyum alaşımlarının dökümünde sıvı metal kalitesinin önemi ve temizleme yönteminin uygunluğu için kullanılan test yöntemleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca yöntemlerin kullanımı ve birbirlerine göre karşılaştırmaları verilmiştir. Sonuç olarak dökümhane pratiğine bağlı olarak güncel test yöntemleri tartışılmıştır.

Research on isolation method of spacecraft reaction wheels using electromagnetic shunt damping

The spacecraft flywheel system is widely used in various space missions due to its cleanliness, high reliability and high control accuracy, such as spacecraft attitude control and large-angle turning maneuvers. However, current research agrees that the high-speed rotating flywheel system is one of the main sources of micro-vibration disturbances on spacecraft. In view of the variable speed characteristics of the flywheel, this paper proposes a new vibration isolation system based on Stewart vibration isolation platform and electromagnetic shunt damping (EMSD). Attempts to connect three circuits of pure resistance circuit, resistance-inductance circuit and resistance-inductance-capacitor circuit to the new vibration isolation system in order to improve the isolation performance. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the effect of circuit parameters on isolation performance of each circuit are studied. The results show that EMSD can significantly reduce the disturbance input of the flywheel, and frequency modulation can be achieved through the conversion circuit to avoid resonance.

43 EXPLORING STAFF PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES TO CARE AND CAREBOTS: THE CASE OF AN ORIGINAL AIR-DISINFECTION ROBOT IN IRELAND

Abstract Background The pandemic heightened the sense of security and safety in care settings, with cleanliness and infection control becoming an even more important aspect of care delivery. Although the impact of new welfare technology on health and social care has been discussed in recent years, few studies have reported the implementation processes or human-robot interactions in care facilities in different cultural settings. The aims of this interdisciplinary research therefore were to understand needs and aspects that have to be considered for implementing an assistive robot, and to explore user perceptions, and the process by which the robots are adopted in Ireland and Japan. Methods An original air-disinfection robot (V-Air) was developed by Akara Robotics, as part of research project “Harmonisation towards the establishment of Person-centred, Robotics-aided Care System” (Toyota Foundation, D18-ST-0005). Prior to its instalment in a rehabilitation centre in Dublin, semi-structured interviews were conducted, and observations carried out with seven care professionals, as they interacted with V-Air. The robot was then trialled for eight weeks (March-May 2022) in selected areas of the facility. After four weeks, the users filled out the System Usability Score and were asked questions at the end of the trial. Their scores and answers to the questions revealed staff perceptions and attitudes to care robots. Results Overall, the users had positive perceptions of V-Air and its usability. Initial differences existed in staff’s confidence levels, depending on prior experiences with technologies. Collective sensemaking was observed, particularly, around care delivery processes and robot functionalities. The adoption process was facilitated by several factors such as the timing of introduction, user-centred design, concept of care and organisational support. Conclusion The findings suggest that the introduction of care robots in care settings can offer an additional layer of organisational safety, while highlighting the significance of the iterative process in adopting assistive technologies.

Surface Cleanliness Control Technology of Transport Mirrors in Final Target System

Surface Cleanliness Control Technology of Transport Mirrors in Final Target System

Isi Piringku Dietary Meal Proportion Estimator Applications using SeeFood Image Segmentations

Isi Piringku atau My Meal Dish Content was a program initiated by the Indonesian ministry of health to promote a healthy daily lifestyle consisting of balanced dietary, enough hydration, active lifestyle, cleanliness and body weight control. The balanced diet meal was supposed to consist of ⅓ of carbohydrate intake, ⅓ of vegetable intake, ⅙ of fruit intake and ⅙ of protein intake every time. This introduces some difficulty that every meal must be measured to align with the dietary guidelines. This study targets estimating the meal diet proportion by its visual cues using smartphone application. While the actual meal content dietary division was weight based, for sake of simplicity the proportion in this study was estimated by each food area which roughly correlates to its volume. Using smartphone cameras in Android 9 Operating Systems and Tensorflow Lite Seefoods: Mobile Food Segmentation v1.0 module, an application was built to help users estimate their meal balances proportion. The original segmentation criterion was constructed using USDA dietary guidelines and it was reduced to only 4 food groups related to Isi Piringku criterion. Suggestion will be given regarding the segmentation result. The result was that the application was capable of estimating the meal diet proportion and giving suggestions based on the segmentation result. Although, the volume of the meal food groups estimated was still low on accuracy. This was correlated with the accuracy level of the segmentation module that was used. On average, the time needed to apply the segmentation process was around 2 to 3 seconds on a Snapdragon 835 device.

METHOD OF CONTROLLING PRESENCE OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES AND OBJECTS IN THE BORE OF THE BARREL USING MONOCHROME LIGHT

In the article, the authors propose a method for controlling the presence of foreign substances and objects inside the barrel. The problem of surface cleanliness control remains relevant in many areas, ranging from sanitary cleaning to nanoelectronics. In the military sphere, this becomes particularly important during the cleaning of cannon barrels. Both powder combustion products and cartridge cap and bullet shell particles are deposited in the barrel during firing from guns. Under the impact of high temperatures, the bullet particles are partially oxidized and cover the barrel channel with a thin layer of deposit of oxides, which are difficult to dissolve. As a result, the density of the bullet abuting the walls changes. This affects the characteristics of its motion inside the barrel. The accuracy of the shot is reduced, and subsequently the precision and accuracy of shooting in general decreases. The essence of the proposed method consists in the fact that a light source is placed in the bore of the barrel on one side, and an optical device is placed on the other side, with the help of which the presence of foreign substances and objects is monitored. Unlike the known methods, this method is characterized in that several monochrome light sources in addition are placed in turn in the bore of the barrel from the breech part, and in the bore of the barrel from the muzzle part there is equipment for receiving (detecting) monochrome light. Then, obtained monochrome light is analyzed, current value of its defined parameters is determined. At the next stage, parameter values of monochrome light fixed during control are compared with parameter values of reference signatures, which had been obtained before the barrel was put in service. These values are stored in equipment memory. If the values of at least one of the parameters from at least one of the monochrome light sources are found to be inconsistent with the parameters of the reference signatures, the equipment for receiving and analyzing monochrome light gives a signal about the presence of foreign substances and objects in the bore of the barrel.

Cleanliness Control of High Nitrogen Stainless Bearing Steel by Vacuum Carbon Deoxidation in a PVIM Furnace

Cleanliness Control of High Nitrogen Stainless Bearing Steel by Vacuum Carbon Deoxidation in a PVIM Furnace