Cleaning Of Cars Research Articles

Problems associated with interior car cleaning and exploring a self-autonomous solution

Problems associated with interior car cleaning and exploring a self-autonomous solution

Structure Design and Path Planning for Cleaning Manipulator

Robots can replace people to complete many complex, and repetitive tasks, and can also replace people to work in dangerous and toxic and harmful environments. At present, most of the car cleaning methods are manual cleaning, which is time-consuming and laborious. It is also easy to damage the car surface and dirt will endanger the health of staff. The car cleaning robot can replace people to clean. The structure and cleaning path of the cleaning manipulator have an important impact on the cleaning efficiency. The paper designs the structure of the cleaning manipulator and plans its cleaning path. Firstly, the functions of the studied manipulator are analyzed through investigation; Determine the overall structure of the cleaning manipulator according to the required functions to ensure that the car can be cleaned in all directions; Secondly, carry out detailed structural design for the 6-DOF manipulator, complete the clamping of rags and other cleaning tools through the connecting rod structure, and assemble rollers on both sides of the connecting rod to ensure that the robot can effectively complete the cleaning of the car, and carry out digital 3D modeling; Finally, the cleaning path of the manipulator is planned in the MATLAB environment to ensure the smooth motion of the robot. The digital motion simulation of the manipulator is completed by solving the forward.

A Survey on Car Service Slot Booking System

Abstract: The purpose of implementing this application was for users to book a slot for car servicing by using the car service app. This paper explains the detailed development of a service for cars. This offers services that are more efficient, safe, affordable, and convenient services to everyone. In this current situation, the efficient and easy way to reach the people are by using social media and by using some mobile apps, and web pages. Another advantage is the customers need not invest their extra time to get the services. The services will be provided during their office timings and providing them more convenience by saving their time. Before implementing this concept was tested with a survey, which led to further analysis and positive responses. This application mostly saves time and human work free. Users can book the services at anytime and anywhere. This type of service is now growing very rapidly, and the booking system is used very easily and is more accessible. Now everywhere all are online services and just one click away. The car service app is allowed to book the slot for car service. By using this app, customers can book the service at their flexible time. It’s a user-friendly application. In this application, customer data will store very securely. This app can be run on any android compatible tablet and mobile phone. The application can be used by any car holder to get their car services. Index Terms: Car service, android application, booking car cleaning

Emission of Volatile Organic Compounds from Consumer Products

The total volatile organic compound (VOC) content and VOC composition of 12 consumer products is determined using the headspace method and chamber testing. Several hazardous or toxic VOC’s are present in abundance. Some consumer products from the same category vary significantly in terms of the total VOC content and VOC species. Spray and adhesive products for this study have high total VOC contents. The results show that three spray products and three adhesives have low moisture (0-35.87 wt.%) and a high total VOC content (63.41-99.52 wt.%) but the other six consumer products with a high moisture content (72.51-96.92 wt.%) have lower total VOC content (0.75-19.43 wt.%). Three adhesives and one car cleaner (spray product) emit significant amounts of VOC’s, including large amounts of hazardous organic solvents and some toxic substances. Therefore, direct contact should be avoided in the household environment. The total VOC content that is determined by this study can be used to calculate the total emissions and to establish an emissions inventory. All detectable VOC emission factors for each product are in the range of 6.77-924 mg g-1. The emission factor for an individual VOC is used to better characterize consumer products as sources of hazardous material. The chamber test results that pertain to indoor air quality can be used to determine the risk of exposure.

Implementation of Automatic Car Cleaning System with Microcontroller System Atmega 8

The design is supported by several components such as the pump driving motor, control system, and sensors. The design is in the form of a miniature simulation or called a prototype on a small scale but with the same functionality and performance as the real size. A chip or integrated circuit (IC) technology is growing and becoming more sophisticated, thus providing opportunities for automation development through the Atmega 8 microcontroller. For example, car cleaning is done by human power. The idea arose to design and build a simpler but more useful automatic car wash system. The automatic car wash system uses a mechanical and electrical system that functions as a car wash tool that works automatically. By using several components such as ICs, capacitors, resistors, piezoelectric sensors, and Atmega 8 programmed with 12 volt and 5-volt power supplies. Based on the Atmega 8 microcontroller, the system works by pumping water and soap into the car and drying it with a blower. The input comes from the start user command, namely via the push-on button. Tests are carried out on all components connected to one system, when the start button is pressed the controller will start the car in the right position. The motor that drives the car starts and pulls the car inside. Then the water pump turns on automatically for 2 seconds to pour water into the car and is accompanied by spraying detergent for 2 seconds. After that, the car was rinsed with a cloth with a motor drive for 20 seconds. After that, the water is poured again into the car to clean the detergent residue for 5 seconds and then the last step is the drying process by a wind blower for 10 seconds until the car wash is finished.

Environmental impact of industrial transport


 
 
 The article discusses topical issues and problems of the impact of industrial road transport on the environment, namely: emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere depending on the type of fuel and their negative impact on human health. The significant increase in the vehicle fleet is causing great harm in the form of harmful emissions from fuel combustion systems, which cannot be dealt with standard car cleaning systems. The situation is aggravated by the fact that car emissions are concentrated in the surface air layer - precisely in the zone of our breathing. Low- quality gasoline is still used, polluting the environment. About 280 harmful substances were found in the exhaust gases of cars, including carcinogenic benzopyrenes, nitrogen oxides, lead, mercury, aldehydes, carbon oxides, soot, hydrocarbons. These emissions increase significantly when starting off or increasing speed. Diesel engine emissions are different from gasoline engine emissions. A diesel engine burns fuel more completely, oxidizes less carbon and produces less non-combustible hydrocarbons. But, at the same time, due to the lack of air in the diesel engine, more nitrogen oxide is formed. Diesel engines also emit soot. Gas emissions from transport into the atmosphere are exposed to sunlight, which leads to photochemical reactions leading to the formation of NО2, 0з, peroxides, benzopyrene (C22H14) and other compounds. In addition, each vehicle emits rubber dust into the atmosphere when its tires are abraded and worn out. Accordingly, the scale of damage caused by transport to the environment and people is also increasing. The article analyzes the existing and promising types of fuel and the reduction of the technogenic impact of industrial road transport on the environment in Ukraine.
 
 

Operation and Control of a Full‐Scale Biogas Plant Treating Wastewater from the Cleaning of Car Tanks

AbstractA 1200‐m3 full‐scale biogas plant treating highly polluted wastewater (WW) from the cleaning of tank cars transporting food and fodder is working stably and efficiently despite the WW is constantly varying in strength and composition, is easily acidifying, and low in alkalinity. Na2CO3 has to be added to maintain the digester alkalinity and the digester pH at defined values due to softened water used for car tank cleaning. Monitoring volatile organic acid concentration and controlling the alkalinity in the digester are essential for maintaining the digestion process stability. Biogas production is adapted to the demand by a modulated feeding regime. The drastic modulation of feeding is possible due to the moderate organic loading of the plant along with the high average hydraulic retention time.

Analysis of power and energy management system for new energy dining car

Mobile dining car is very popular in Europe and USA because of its advantages of convenient and fast. However, most of dining cars still use traditional power and energy systems, which is not good for the environment. In recent years, the mobile dining car is developing towards light, convenient, and multi-functional. In large and medium-sized cities where business is concentrated, it is worth studying how to make the dining car cleaner and lower carbon, and make it a kind of green and healthy diet culture. In this paper, the green energy is introduced into the dining car power system and cooperated with the flywheel to realize the effective use of photovoltaic cells, achieve zero emission of the dining car, and put an end to the environmental pollution from the source. The social value and the actual effect will be great. Based on the analysis of the actual operating conditions of the dining car, the key parameters such as electrical equipment and motor load of the dining car are obtained, and then the matching calculation of the power system of the new energy dining car is carried out, including the power generation of photovoltaic cells and the storage capacity of flywheel batteries. Then, according to the unique working mode of the dining car, the energy distribution strategy and control system are analysed. Finally, a mathematical model is established and simulated with MATLAB to verify the effectiveness of the design. The results show that the system can complete the day work of the dining car.

Технико-экономические особенности обработки поверхностей вагонов перед окрашиванием

The assessment of metal surface preliminary processing effectiveness before coloration is an urgent scientific-practical problem. In the paper there is shown a comparison of technical and economic characteristics of standard methods of metal pre-coloration processing by the example of steel railway car cleaning. The assessment is carried out according to the criteria of effectiveness and processing quality, amount of scrap collected, material capacity and so on.

Anaerobic treatment of residuals from tanks transporting food and fodder

The anaerobic digestion of wastewater from the cleaning of tank cars transporting food and fodder was investigated in both bench and pilot scales with a single-stage, mesophilic (39 °C), completely mixed process. The promising results lead to the planning and building of a 1200-m3 full-scale biogas plant at TS-Clean cleaning station in Fahrbinde, Germany. Due to softened water used in the cleaning of the car tanks, the alkalinity in the digester decreased as predicted by the physicochemical model developed for this treatment process. The model showed that 2.4 kg NaHCO3/m3 of wastewater has to be added in order to control digester pH at 7.2 and to maintain the digester alkalinity at 3.1 g CaCO3/L. In a laboratory study, the decrease of alkalinity caused a volatile organic acids accumulation and pH drop below the optimal range. In this case, if chemical buffering was not added into the digester, the digester deteriorated. In a 3-year investigation, we confirmed that the strongly polluted WW from the cleaning of tank cars transporting food and fodder is suitable for an anaerobic treatment if the organic loading rate is controlled below 4 kg COD/m3/day, digester alkalinity is adjusted by NaHCO3, and micronutrients are added despite constant considerable variations in strength and composition of the wastewater. A biogas yield of 35–45 m3 CH4/m3 of wastewater and a COD elimination of 80–90% were achieved in bench- and pilot-scale experiments and are achieved in the full-scale biogas plant. The full-scale biogas plant is working stable with a biogas yield of 68 m3 biogas/m3 of wastewater.

The forensic use of luminol chemiluminescence to detect traces of blood inside motor vehicles.

The luminol test for blood was carried out on a set of interior fittings and surfaces inside three different makes of modern motor car. The surfaces and fittings provided little interference with the test for blood, although there was some detectable chemiluminescence when the test was applied to blood-free material from a seatbelt, a boot-lining and a gear-knob. The case with which haemoglobin samples could be washed off interior car surfaces was also examined for seat fabrics, carpets, roof-linings and various other plastic interior surfaces. A standard wash with water alone was not very effective and removed only ca. 50% of the haemoglobin. A standard wash with soapy water or with a proprietary multipurpose car cleaner removed ca. 90% of the haemoglobin from the tested surface. The effect of high car interior temperatures on haemoglobin samples that were subsequently used in the luminol test was also examined. It was shown that the sensitivity of the luminol test was not decreased but was increased by the prior heating of a haemoglobin sample. This effect was attributed to the thermal conversion of haemoglobin to the more brighter catalyst for chemiluminescence, methaemoglobin. The enthalpy of this conversion in the solid state was found to be 14.1 kJ/mol.

The hazards of car cleaning and a novel approach to airway control

The hazards of car cleaning and a novel approach to airway control

Development of the Integrated System for Cleaning Small Tanks for Petroleum Products and Liquid Chemicals with Jet Cleaning Units and for Waste Water Disposal

An integrated system for cleaning tanks and tank cars and for treating waste water generated in the cleaning process has been developed. It consists of internal and external tank car cleaning units and the waste water disposal system.The internal cleaning unit is a mechanized rotary jet cleaner capable of washing the whole interior surface of a cylindrical tank in 6 to 15 minute cleaning cycles with its four rotating nozzles.The external cleaning equipments is a package system capable of automatically washing the outside of tank cars by push button control.In parallel with the developments of these cleaning systems, a range of specialized detergents for tank car cleaning and efficient waste water treating facilities, whose effluent is well within the local pollution control standards, have been developed.

Mechanized cleaning of cars

Mechanized cleaning of cars

WHEN ECONOMY AIDS HYGIENE.

When the requirements of sanitation and prophylaxis of disease demand additional expenditure of money by those who are interested in keeping down expense, sometimes regardless of other considerations, trouble ensues. There is then required a campaign of education and of enlightenment of the people and of the law-makers so that proper legislation may be secured to enforce what may not be willingly done otherwise. We are much interested to note the report of the Central Railway of New Jersey, which has recently installed a system of car cleaning by the vacuum sweeping system. The dirt and dust is drawn from all the surfaces in the car by suction through a pipe. The work is done effectively, hygienically, and—a noteworthy fact— economically. The railroad management announces that this system reduces the cost of cleaning so that two cars can be thoroughly cleaned under the new system at the same expense of