Potential For Clean Production Research Articles

Analysis of cleaner production potential and water footprint for small-scale sweet potato flour industry

Sweet potato flour is one of the derivative products of sweet potato, especially for raw materials or additives in the food industry. The processing of sweet potato-based products must also be balanced with existing environmental management. For this reason, there is a need for suitable methods to deal with processes that produce minimised wastes that harm the environment. Cleaner production is an approach that offers various environmental benefits for the sweet potato flour industry. Identification of cleaner production alternatives was carried out by the quick scan method for minimising the presence of waste in the sweet potato flour industry. The feasibility of the cleaner production design was analysed by considering technical, environmental, financial, and economic aspects. Identification of water use was done by calculating the water footprint in the whole production process. The water footprint was calculated by adding up the green, blue, and grey water footprints to obtain the total water usage in the production process. The use of water for planting sweet potato (green water) is estimated to be approx. 1.093 m3/ton of sweet potato flour. With a sweet potato flour yield of 50.8%, the production of sweet potato flour requires a water volume (blue water) of 1.32 m3/ton of sweet potato flour. The following cleaner production alternatives were identified as prospective for waste minimisation in the small-scale industry, including good manufacturing practices, repairing flour machines, drying using a greenhouse, training in the selection of raw materials and training in standard operating procedures (SOPs) for flour production, and utilisation of sweet potato peel as animal feed. With the implementation of cleaner production and more efficient use of water, it is expected that the sweet potato flour industry will become a more sustainable industry.

Cleaner production and carbon reduction target: Analysis of sewage treatment plants in Nort-Central China

ABSTRACT In order to realize cleaner production of Sewage Treatment Plants and reduce the emission of carbon, the current situation of various sewage treatment plants of varying scales in Nort-Central China from 2019 to 2020 was investigated. For contrast, the energy consumption and material consumption of each sewage treatment plant and their cleaner production potential were analyzed. The results revealed that the implementation of a cleaner production scheme in the 14 investigated sewage treatment plants resulted in a cost reduction of 2.13 million annually. Further, the energy-saving effects of the cleaner production schemes of the sewage treatment plants were compared, and the results revealed that the use of a magnetic levitation fan reduced the power consumption of the wastewater treatment unit and carbon emission by 13.16–17.87 and 4.58–7.69%, respectively. In addition, the utilization of a modified precise aeration system reduced the wastewater power consumption and carbon emission by 2.8–6.33 and 10.37–17.24%, respectively. This study demonstrates that the Sewage Treatment Plants can become cleaner by using magnetic levitation fan and precise aeration system. The paper highlights the value of increased energy efficiency and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

Research on cleaner production potential of pipe pile industry based on material energy flow analysis

According to the characteristics of the PHC pipe pile production and taking the cleaner production audit of a PHC pipe pile company in Tianjin as an example, the cleaner production potential was analyzed in detail in the aspects of raw material and energy consumption, technical process and equipment, pollutant emission and so on. The material and energy balance analysis were carried out. This work provides reference for the development of cleaner production of PHC pipe pile industry.

System-level analysis of the generation and distribution for Pb, Cu, and Ag in the process network of zinc hydrometallurgy: Implications for sustainability

Heavy metals could serve as both pollutants and resources. To better understand the cleaner production potential of material flow control for simultaneous pollution reduction and resource conservation at source in zinc hydrometallurgy system, the generation and distribution of the Pb, Cu, and Ag in the process network of a typical zinc hydrometallurgy plant were investigated in this study. Four kinds of hazardous wastes with a total dry weight of 942 kg/tZn were identified as the major system outputs for Pb (12.08 kg/tZn), Cu (5.63 kg/tZn), and Ag (70.5 g/tZn). More than 85% of the target substances were accumulated in the leaching and purification subsystem, which determined the final proportion of the substances in the system outputs. The unsatisfactory distribution of the substances in the present process network contributes 0%, 45.9% and 27.5% of final resource wastage or pollution for Pb, Cu, and Ag of the generated wastes, corresponding to 0, 0.53 kg/tZn, and 13 g/tZn, respectively. Presently the Pb wastage or generation of Pb pollution was mainly due to the lack of recovery process. However, the potential to optimize the flow partitioning for Cu is relatively high. In summary, optimization of the process distribution might slightly increase the total recovery rate of the substances, but could significantly reduce the environmental risk of the disposed wastes generated in the zinc hydrometallurgy system. These results will be helpful to improve the understanding of the mechanisms for heavy metal pollution generation and provide further insight in the control of pollution and resource in process industries, such as nonferrous metals industry.

涂料行业的VOCs减排及清洁生产潜力分析

涂料行业的VOCs减排及清洁生产潜力分析

Mass balance and quantitative analysis of cleaner production potential in a zinc electrolysis cellhouse

Mass balance studies of wastewater from the zinc electrolysis cellhouse of an operating zinc production facility were conducted. A wastewater volume of 336.8 L was generated per tonne of electrolytic zinc produced, containing 20,230 mg Pb2+, 591.7 mg Cd2+ and 3.712 kg Zn2+. The mass balance showed that dissolution of zinc from the cathode plates during washing in the plate bathing tank contributed 82.2% of the Zn2+ found in the cellhouse wastewater. A thermodynamic analysis of possible reactions was used to confirm that zinc dissolution was the main mechanism by which Zn2+ ions entered wastewater. The volume of wastewater generated in the cellhouse is a function of the rate at which the electrolyte carried out by cathode plates is reduced, and the rate at which crystallized zinc sulfates are reduced. Calculations based on theory intuitively proved and quantified the potential of cleaner production in reducing wastewater generated in a zinc electrolysis cellhouse.

Cleaner Production Potential of Industries in Liao River Basin

Through the key industries identification process, this study identified seven of key industries in Liao River basin, to evaluate the cleaner production potential of industries in the basin. The results indicated that, without the adverse impact on the economic growth, by 2020, under the high cost cleaner production solution, COD and NH3-N production would be 17.02% and 19.17% less than that of 2012, so that industrial emissions of major pollutants in the basin could be 15% less in comparison with that in 2012, as long as the end-of-pipe treatment ratio maintains the level in 2012.

Analysis and Practice of Cleaner Production in a Wastepaper Papermaking Enterprise

Cleaner production is one of sustainable development approaches for wastepaper papermaking industry. Current situation of a wastepaper papermaking enterprise was analyzed, and it showed that the unit product energy consumption, pollutant generation had large cleaner production potential. 16 cleaner production solutions were generated through material balance analysis, advanced technologies collection, experts consultation and other ways. After the plans were carried out, 7.83% of pollutants were cut down, 7.62% of energy was saved, 1.57% of waste paper was reduced, 1.68% of dry fiber raw material was decreased, and 8.80% of reused industrial water increased equally. Cleaner production was an effective way for wastepaper papermaking industry to save energy, reduce energy consumption, reduce pollution, and increase benefit.

Industrial water demand management and cleaner production potential: a case of beverage industry in Marrakech - Morocco

Résumé Gestion de la dem ande en eau et production propre en industrie : cas d\'une industrie de m ise en bouteille à Marrakech – Maroc Au moment où la demande en eau fraîche connaît une croissance forte, les procédés et les systèmes consommateurs d\'eau sont soumis aux règlements environnementaux de plus en plus rigoureux quant à la génération de la pollution liquide. Au Maroc, la consommation de l\'eau par les industries est estimée en 1994 à 1 milliard de m3, l\'eau potable en constitue 4%. L\'eau utilisée dans l\'industrie agroalimentaire et de boissons est approximativement 24 millions de m3 par an comprenant 14 % d\'eau potable. Cette étude était conduite dans une unité de mise en bouteille. Nous avons étudié la consommation de l\'eau et la génération des effluents. Le but de l\'étude est d\'une part d\'identifier tous les points du procédé de fabrication utilisateurs d\'eau traitée, puis entamer une étude d\'économie et de minimisation de la consommation de l\'eau dans ces points. D\'autre part, pour développer une gestion globale des ressources en eau au sein de l\'industrie, nous avons étudié la possibilité du traitement et réutilisation des rejets. Pendant l\'année 2001-2002, nous avons conduit des campagnes de mesures et de caractérisation du réseau de l\'eau dans l\'usine pour mesurer les diverses entrées et sortie des processus et pour évaluer le volume et la qualité des rejets liquides. Nous nous sommes également intéressés à l\'impact de chaque activité de production sur la qualité des effluents. Mots-clés : Boissons gazeuses, procédé de fabrication, consommation d\'eau, économie d\'eau, caractérisation des rejets Abstract Processes and systems using water today are being subjected to increasingly stringent environmental regulations on effluents and there is growing demand for fresh water. In Morocco, consumption of water by industries is estimated in 1994 at 1 billion m3, the drinking water constitutes 4%. Water used in the food and drink industry is approximately 24 million m3 per year including 14 % of drinking water. This study was conducted in bottling plant in Morocco, we have investigated the consumption of water and production of effluents. The aim of the study is on the one hand to identify all the processes users of fresh water, then make minimisation of consumption and saving of water in these processes, on the other hand to develop a wastewater management by studying the possibility of reuse, recycling and treatment. During the year of 2001-2002, we conducted campaigns of characterization of the network of water in the factory to measure the various input and output of processes and to evaluate the assessment of the liquid rejections. Initially we were also interested in the impact of each activity of the process on the effluent quality. We made follow-ups of the effluent flows and pollution on the level of each outlet. Key words: Soft drink, industrial processes, water usage, ratio minimisation, Wastewater Afrique Science Vol.1(1) 2005: 95-108

Industrial water demand management and cleaner production potential: a case of three industries in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe

The combination of water demand management and cleaner production concepts have resulted in both economical and ecological benefits. The biggest challenge for developing countries is how to retrofit the industrial processes, which at times are based on obsolete technology, within financial, institutional and legal constraints. Processes in closed circuits can reduce water intake substantially and minimise resource input and the subsequent waste thereby reducing pollution of finite fresh water resources. Three industries were studied in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe to identify potential opportunities for reducing water intake and material usage and minimising waste. The industries comprised of a wire galvanising company, soft drink manufacturing and sugar refining industry. The results show that the wire galvanising industry could save up to 17% of water by recycling hot quench water through a cooling system. The industry can eliminate by substitution the use of toxic materials, namely lead and ammonium chloride and reduce the use of hydrochloric acid by half through using an induction heating chamber instead of lead during the annealing step. For the soft drink manufacturing industry water intake could be reduced by 5% through recycling filter-backwash water via the water treatment plant. Use of the pig system could save approximately 12 m 3/month of syrup and help reduce trade effluent fees by Z$30/m 3 of “soft drink”. Use of a heat exchanger system in the sugar refining industry can reduce water intake by approximately 57 m 3/100 t “raw sugar” effluent volume by about 28 m 3/100 t “raw sugar”. The water charges would effectively be reduced by 52% and trade effluent fees by Z$3384/100 t “raw sugar” (57%). Proper equipment selection, equipment modification and good house-keeping procedures could further help industries reduce water intake and minimise waste.