Clean Fluid Research Articles

Mechanism of instability in non-uniform dusty channel flow

Particles in pressure-driven channel flow are often inhomogeneously distributed. Two modes of low-Reynolds-number instability, absent in Poiseuille flow of clean fluid, are created by inhomogeneous particle loading, and their mechanism is worked out here. Two distinct classes of behaviour are seen: when the critical layer of the dominant perturbation overlaps with variations in particle concentration, the new instabilities arise, which we term overlap modes. But when the layers are distinct, only the traditional Tollmien–Schlichting mode of instability occurs. We derive the dominant critical-layer balance equations in this flow along the lines done classically for clean fluid. These reveal how concentration variations within the critical layer cause the two particle-driven instabilities. As a result of these variations, disturbance kinetic energy production is qualitatively and majorly altered. Surprisingly, the two overlap modes, although completely different in the symmetry of the eigenstructure and regime of exponential growth, show practically identical energy budgets, highlighting the relevance of variations within the critical layer. The wall layer is shown to be unimportant. We derive a minimal composite theory comprising all terms in the complete equation which are dominant somewhere in the flow, and show that it contains the essential physics. When particles are infinitely dense relative to the fluid, the volume fraction is negligible. But for finite density ratios, the volume fraction of particles causes a profile of effective viscosity. This is shown to be uniformly stabilizing in the present flow. Gravity is neglected here, and will be important to study in the future. So will the transient growth of perturbations due to non-normality of the stability operator, in a quest for the mechanism of transition to turbulence.

A study on the impact of ultrasonic-stimulated clean fracturing fluid on the pore structure of medium to high rank coal

The pore structure of coal plays a key role in the effectiveness of gas extraction. Conventional hydraulic fracturing techniques have limited success in modifying the pore structure using clean fracturing fluid (CFF), and the stimulating effects of ultrasonic can enhance the effectiveness of CFF in modifying coal pore structures. To research the effects of ultrasonic stimulation on the pore structure of medium to high-rank coal when using CFF, this study employed mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LT-N2A) methods to analyze the changes in pore structures after cooperative modification. The results indicate that the pore volume and surface area of medium to high rank coal exhibit an increase and followed by a decrease with increasing Ro,max values, while the average pore diameter and permeability demonstrate a decrease and followed by an increase with Ro,max. Although there are some variations in the results of MIP and LT-N2A analysis for different pore size ranges, the overall findings suggest that ultrasonic stimulation in conjunction with CFF effectively alters the coal pore structure. The most significant improvement was observed in coking coal, where pore volume increased by 22%, pore area decreased by 11% and tortuosity decreased by 47%. The improvement of lean coal is the smallest, the pore volume increases by about 7%, and the surface area decreases by about 14%. It is found that the modification of coal pore volume is mainly concentrated in transition pores and macropores. These research outcomes provide valuable insights into the application of ultrasonic technology in coalbed gas extraction.

Synthesis and quantitative structure–activity relationship of unsaturated fatty acid amide propyl dimethyl tertiary amines and their application in clean fracturing fluid thickener in low temperature environment

Solve the problem of freezing and blocking of clean fracturing fluid thickener during winter fracturing operations in the north, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of fracturing operations and oil and gas production rate. In this paper, four kinds of fatty acid amidopropyl dimethyl tertiary amine were successfully prepared and characterized with FT-IR and 1H NMR. Their acid values and Krafft temperature are discussed. The molecular structures of the four kinds of fatty acid amidopropyl dimethyl tertiary amine salts were optimized using Gaussian09 software, then their single point energies were calculated. A quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) model was established to predict Krafft temperature of the four kinds of fatty acid amidopropyl dimethyl tertiary amine salts. N-(3-(Dimethylamino)propyl)oleamide (PKO-O), (9Z,12Z)-N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)octadeca-9,12-dienamide (PKO-LO) were selected as the main agent. The optimal thickener formulation O1-8 and O2-1 were optimized by single factor experiment and orthogonal test respectively. O2-1 thickener has high low-temperature stability at −5 °C. The viscosity increase property, gel breaking property, rheological property, and viscoelasticity of the clean fracturing fluid obtained by cross-linking O1-8 with O2-1 thickener were evaluated and the properties of O1-8 thickener are better. The result shows that the O1-8 thickener basically meets the conditions of the winter fracturing construction site, and has more practical application significance.

Effects of clean fracturing fluids on coal microstructure and coalbed gas adsorption

Nowadays, some fracking fluids can enable resourceful extraction of coalbed methane and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, their toxicity or corrosiveness will cause harm to downhole workers and pollute groundwater resources. Thus, five kinds of clean composite fracturing fluids were developed in this paper by using starch solution as the matrix and adding various preparations. The change rule of methane adsorption capacity by microstructure changes of coal samples was investigated systematically, and the optimal composite fracturing fluid was determined. The results showed that the new fracturing fluid increased the degree of aromatic ring condensation by 43.3% and the average pore size by 52.1%. Also, the adsorption constants of a value decreased by 11.6% and b value decreased by 23.9%, which can remarkably reduce the methane adsorption. The experimental results provide theoretical support for the clean production of coalbed methane.

The effect of temperature and ultrasonic power on the microstructure evolution of coal modified by clean fracturing fluid: An experimental study

Ultrasonic-assisted fracturing permeability enhancement technology offers several advantages, including a broad range of hydraulic fracturing permeability enhancement, microstructure modified by fracturing fluid, and ultrasonic promotion of gas desorption and extraction. This technology can significantly improve the efficiency of coalbed methane extraction and has broad application prospects. To investigate the effect of ultrasonic action power and temperature on the microstructure evolution of coal by using clean fracturing fluid, experiments were conducted using coal samples from a mine in Shenyang. The pore structure of these samples was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mercury intrusion method (MIP), while the chemical microstructure was evaluated with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction experiment (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results showed that ultrasonic treatment improved the pore structure characteristics and connectivity by facilitating chemical reactions between fracturing fluid and mineral impurities. Specifically, when the ultrasonic parameter was set at 600W-60 °C, the pore volume of coal samples increased by 26.09 %, tortuosity decreased by 31.81 %, pore fractal dimension increased by 3.93 %, permeability increased by 100.45 %, aromaticity increased by 16.69 %, and the degree of branching aliphatic side-chains increased by 108.70 %. Under the same ultrasonic power, the effective temperature for ultrasonic-assisted fracturing fluid treatment on coal rock was found to be 60 °C. Additionally, under the same temperature conditions, an increase in ultrasonic power resulted in significant enhancements in both pore structure parameters and chemical structure parameters in coal, showing a certain linear relationship. The research results enrich the theoretical system of coalbed methane mining and provide theoretical guidance for the field practice of this technology.

Impact of different clean fracturing fluids on coal microstructure

Using fracturing fluids to modify coal seams to boost their permeability is an essential way to address the technical challenges of the resourceful and efficient extraction of coalbed methane from coal reservoirs in China. However, some current fracturing fluids are toxic or corrosive and pollute groundwater resources, which becomes one of the obstacles to the development of fracturing and penetration technology. Five new types of composite clean fracturing fluids were developed in this paper with Yunnan anthracite coal in China as the research object. The changing rules of functional groups and pore structures, which have a vital influence on gas adsorption and permeability of the treated coal samples, were systematically explored through infrared spectroscopy and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiments, and the highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and safe fracturing fluids that are suitable for the experimental coal seams were preferred. The new fracturing fluid effectively reduces the structure of aliphatic hydrocarbon and the structure of oxygen-containing functional groups, improves aromaticity, and lowers the adsorption capacity of coal for methane. Meanwhile, it simplifies the pore structure of coal and improves the average pore diameter. The research results are essential to the clean production and efficient exploitation of coalbed methane resources and safe coal production.

The aggregation structure and rheological properties of catanionic surfactant mixtures and potential applications in fracturing fluids

Clean fracturing fluids are widely used in reservoir stimulation and increasing production due to their characteristics of simple preparation, no residue, easy flowback, and low damage. At present, clean fracturing fluids are mainly prepared by cationic surfactants as main agent and inorganic or organic salts as additives, which can lead to unavoidable losses of cationic surfactants due to their adsorption in the formation. Anionic-cationic surfactants composite system can not only compensate for the shortcomings of a single surfactant system, but also improve the reservoir adaptability of the surfactant system. In this paper, a clean fracturing fluid was prepared with long-chain anionic surfactant, Sodium erucate (NaOEr), as main agent and a series of cationic surfactants with different as additive. Then, the aggregation behavior of mixed system was determined by visual appearance, rheology experiments, differential scanning calorimetry and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. The phase transition mechanism induced by temperature was proposed, and the performance of the mixed system as a fracturing fluid was evaluated. The results showed the mixed systems could self-assemble into wormlike micelles when the length of hydrophobic carbon chains of cationic surfactant was 6 and 8. Increasing the length of the hydrophobic carbon chain could enhance the electrostatic effect, leading to precipitation in the mixed system. When the ratio of cationic surfactant was between 0.5 and 0.6 and the concentration was between 68 and 175 mmol∙L-1, the mixed systems tended to form three-dimensional structures by entangling and stacking wormlike micelles, showing high viscoelasticity and viscosity. The aggregation structure of the mixed system transformed from vesicles to wormlike micelles at 46.8 °C, which is attributed to the transition of carbon chains of NaOEr from non-flexible to flexible. Finally, the mixed system as a fracturing fluid has good shear resistance and temperature resistance. The viscosity of NaOEr/HTAB can reach above 50 mPa⋅s after sheared for 60 min at the conditions of 170 s−1 and 80 °C. This study provides an anionic clean fracturing fluid and broaden the application of viscoelastic surfactants in oilfield development.

Influences of clean fracturing fluid viscosity and horizontal in-situ stress difference on hydraulic fracture propagation and morphology in coal seam

The viscosity of fracturing fluid and in-situ stress difference are the two important factors that affect the hydraulic fracturing pressure and propagation morphology. In this study, raw coal was used to prepare coal samples for experiments, and clean fracturing fluid samples were prepared using CTAB surfactant. A series of hydraulic fracturing tests were conducted with an in-house developed triaxial hydraulic fracturing simulator and the fracturing process was monitored with an acoustic emission instrument to analyze the influences of fracturing fluid viscosity and horizontal in-situ stress difference on coal fracture propagation. The results show that the number of branched fractures decreased, the fracture pattern became simpler, the fractures width increased obviously, and the distribution of AE event points was concentrated with the increase of the fracturing fluid viscosity or the horizontal in-situ stress difference. The acoustic emission energy decreases with the increase of fracturing fluid viscosity and increases with the increase of horizontal in situ stress difference. The low viscosity clean fracturing fluid has strong elasticity and is easy to be compressed into the tip of fractures, resulting in complex fractures. The high viscosity clean fracturing fluids are the opposite. Our experimental results provide a reference and scientific basis for the design and optimization of field hydraulic fracturing parameters.

Physicochemical Effect on Coal Pores of Hydrocarbon Chain Length and Mixing of Viscoelastic Surfactants in Clean Fracturing Fluids.

Clean fracturing fluids are environmentally friendly and could have broad applications in permeability enhancement of coal seams. The hydrophobic chain length of the viscoelastic surfactant (VES) and the mixing of VESs with different ionic types have marked effects on the performance of clean fracturing fluids. This paper analyzes the effects of the hydrocarbon chain length of VES and mixing of VESs with different ion types on the pores of coal and discusses the mechanisms controlling the pore changes from a physical and chemical perspective. We found that the coal samples treated with clean fracturing fluid B had the largest porosity change. Adding two methylene groups to the hydrocarbon chain of the cationic VES will increase clay swelling in coal treated with fracturing fluids. Adding 0.1 wt % cocoamidopropyl betaine (zwitterionic VES) to cationic VES fracturing fluids can reduce the extent of clay expansion induced by fracturing fluids. VES with a long hydrocarbon chain has a strong ability to remove kaolinite in hard coal, and the addition of zwitterion VES increases the ability of a clean fracturing fluid to remove kaolinite. These results provide theoretical guidance for the synthesis of new VES molecules and the design of new fracturing fluid formulations.

Development and performance evaluation of a novel SiO2-enhanced seawater-based temperature-resistant clean fracturing fluid

Hydraulic fracturing has been proposed as a potential technology for the development of low-permeability oil reservoirs and also has promising application prospects offshore. In this study, a novel SiO2-enhanced seawater-based temperature-resistant clean fracturing fluid was formulated. The fracturing fluid main agents, additives and reducing agents were screened. Besides, the physical and chemical properties (rheology) as well as application (i.e., sand-carrying, gel-breaking, dynamic fluid loss, dynamic damage and anti-swelling) performance of the proposed SiO2-enhanced seawater-based temperature-resistant clean fracturing fluid were systematically investigated. It was revealed that 3.2 wt% AASB-17+1.92 wt% NaSal+0.1 wt% SC-107+0.1 wt% TS3 was the optimal SiO2-enhanced seawater-based clean fracturing fluid system formula. The SiO2-enhanced seawater-based temperature-resistant clean fracturing fluid exhibited remarkable rheological characteristics, the temperature and shear resistance was increased by 28 %, with a maximum temperature resistance of 90ºC. This system can be applied to the fracturing development of most oil reservoirs in the Bohai Bay. In addition, the presence of SiO2 nanoparticles significantly improved the sand-carrying properties of the proposed clean fractuirng fluid system. The experimental results also suggested that the SiO2-enhanced seawater-based temperature-resistant clean fracturing fluid showed excellent performance of shear recovery (fixed shear viscosity recovery rate was 100 %), gel breaking (30 min,1 mPa·s), filter loss (Cw=4.75×10−4 m/min1/2), anti-swelling (anti-swelling rate was 77.78 %) and salt tolerance. This study provides fundamental technical support for the application of SiO2-enhanced seawater-based temperature-resistant clean fracturing fluid in offshore fracturing.

Using disposable food packaging materials as printing, embedding, and sectioning media in the plant anatomy lab.

During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, all laboratory work was suspended, and we were obliged to work from home, causing delays in our research. As the disruption to supply chains made it difficult to obtain our regular lab supplies, we were obliged to search for substitutes. We became familiar with a plastic material known as biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) that is widely used in the food industry for wrapping or storing fruits, vegetables, and meat. BOPP is easily dissolved in organic solvents such as xylenes, acetone, or thinner, but these reagents are very toxic, flammable, and can cause nausea in some users. After testing several alternatives, we found a polyurethane remover that proved to be an effective and relatively harmless BOPP solvent. By dissolving thin slices of BOPP in a polyurethane solvent, we obtained a clean fluid that we used to obtain leaf surface prints that could be mounted on microscope slides with a coverslip. This fluid produced excellent bark and wood sections and can be used to obtain wood or charcoal surface prints. Our attempts to use it as a mounting medium were unsuccessful. BOPP dissolved in a polyurethane remover is a handy, versatile resource for plant microtechniques. In addition to its economic advantages, it is useful in terms of reducing plastic pollution.

PEMBUATAN CAIRAN PEMBERSIH ALAMI DARI KULIT JERUK

One of the problems in environmental management is waste. Waste has a bad impact on humans and the environment. However, rubbish/waste can have benefits by being sorted and reprocessed. Most of the waste comes from households. The service team provides education about the use of orange peel waste which can be used as a natural cleaning fluid. Community service activities are one of the Tri Dharma of Higher Education in addition to carrying out education and research. With the community service program, it is hoped that mothers and the community of Tomang Village, West Jakarta will gain knowledge about processing household waste/garbage. Implementation method with counseling and demonstration/practice. The results achieved are very good. With the demonstration, participants can practice directly making natural cleaning fluids that can be used to clean stoves, clean sinks, freshen toilets and so on. The knowledge and skills presented provide provisions for mothers and the community in processing waste at a basic level (self-processing) which can later be used by themselves and become economically valuable and can also become a business opportunity to improve family welfare.

Pengelolaan Limbah Organik Kantin Menjadi Eco Enzyme Subtitusi Cairan Pembersih di PT. XX

The largest source of waste is generated from households at 38.3%. One of the methods of recycling organic waste by recycling is by fermentation, for example by producing eco-enzyme which is a solution of complex organic substances produced from the fermentation process of a mixture of organic waste, molasses and water. In this research, the purpose of using eco-enzyme is as a cleaning fluid for both sinks and crusty floors with the aim of seeing the effectiveness of eco-enzyme work with the aim of being a substitute for cleaning fluids sold on the market and including measuring the savings that can be made from this substitution in PT. XX, using experimental research methods. The results of research and observations show that eco-enzyme cleaning fluid is able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria as evidenced by a decrease in the number of bacteria (without eco-enzyme: 4.25 × 102 CFU/cm2; with eco-enzyme: 3.7 × 101 CFU/cm2) through swab tests and laboratory tests. Visual observations show significant results in making crusty floors clean. The savings that occur during 1 month by using eco-enzyme cleaning fluids as substitutes for cleaners sold in the market are IDR. 938,500/month.

Analisis Kepuasan Pelanggan Pada UD. Usaha Kita dengan Metode TQM dan PDCA Menggunakan Uji Regresi Linear Berganda dengan Software SPSS

Usaha Kita is a business that operates in the field of chemical production. UD. Usaha Kita produces porcelain or cleaning fluid to remove stubborn dirt on porcelain and ceramic surfaces and can also eradicate disease-carrying germs. Customer satisfaction is the key to success in a business. Satisfied customers will become loyal customers so they will tend to make repeat purchases and become promoters of the product. These customers will ultimately increase UD's income. Our Business. The purpose of writing this research is to find out and review from a theoretical perspective various literature and analyze the quality of Porsche product services on customer quality. In analyzing this problem, the method that will be used is a multiple linear regression test to determine the level of customer satisfaction in selling porstex at UD. Usaha Kita. In this case, after implementing TQM and PDCA, most of it can be seen in the quality of workers and also in management.

PEMANFAATAN ECO ENZYME SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF CAIRAN PEMBERSIH DI KECAMATAN TUAH MADANI KOTA PEKANBARU

The society's need for the availability of cleaning fluids can no longer be ignored, especially after the global outbreak of Covid-19. This situation has compelled the community to adopt clean and healthy lifestyles, triggering an increase in the use of various cleaning fluids within the community. The issue is that, aside from adding to household expenses, excessive use of cleaning fluids can have negative consequences on health and also adversely impact the environment. The objective of this community service is to promote the utilization of eco enzymes as a safe alternative cleaning fluid for users' health and without harming the environment. The method of conducting this community service activity is through the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. This community service activity is attended by 19 participants. The results of this community service show that the participants are enthusiastic and interested in creating and utilizing eco enzymes.

Training on the Utilization of Household Organic Waste for Tourism Nagari Silokek Residents as Ecoenzyme

Household organic waste is one of the largest contributors to waste in Indonesia. Various efforts have been made to reduce this waste so that over time it does not accumulate and endanger the environment. One way to process this organic waste is to process it into ecoenzymes. ecoenzyme is a fermented liquid from fruit or vegetable skin mixed with sugar. ecoenzyme has many benefits for households because it has the ability to act as an antimicrobial agent and can also be used as a cleaning fluid. In this service, educational activities regarding the manufacture of ecoenzymes were carried out for the people of Nagari Silokek Sijunjung. After delivering the material to the participants, it was discovered that the participants in this activity had the ability to make ecoenzymes in the community environment.

A salt-induced smart and tough clean hydrofracturing fluid with superior high-temperature and high-salinity resistance

Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology to improve oil and gas productivity for reservoirs of both conventional and unconventional. To minimize reservoir damage during hydraulic fracturing, researchers have aimed to develop clean fracturing fluids based on viscoelastic surfactants (VESs); however, reduced efficiency at high temperature and high salinity limits their wider applications. Here, an ultra-long-chain cationic surfactant docosyl(trimethyl)azanium chloride (DCTAC) was proposed to prepare fracturing fluid in the presence of high content of various inorganic salts to address this problem. DCTAC shows excellent salt tolerance, forming a homogeneous solution in 22 % NaCl or 55 % CaCl2 at 60 °C, which is several times higher than that for previously reported VESs. Salt can induce DCTAC to form an entangled three-dimensional wormlike micelles network, imparting the bulk fluid excellent rheological properties. DCTAC-thickened fluids show good sand-carrying and gel-breaking performance, and they can resist a temperature of up to 140 °C and a salinity level of at least 16 × 104 mg‧L−1. Compared with previously reported clean fracturing fluids, DCTAC-thickened fluid shows superior high-temperature and high-salinity resistance. The mechanism is elaborated and discussed. The findings in this study are helpful to understand surfactant aggregates stability and assist the development of novel stable supramolecular nanostructures.

Treatment technology of shale gas fracturing flowback fluid: a mini review

Shale gas fracturing flowback fluid, characterized by its large volume, complex composition, and potential adverse environmental impacts, has gradually become one of the problems affecting the large-scale development of shale gas resources. Failure to effectively address the treatment of fracturing flowback fluid will severely constrain shale gas development. This paper focuses on the treatment technologies for shale gas fracturing flowback fluid, discussing its water quality characteristics and summarizing the research progress in physical technology, chemical technology, biological technology, and combined technology. Development recommendations are also provided. The results show that shale gas fracturing flowback fluid exhibits characteristics such as complex composition, high viscosity, and high emulsification, and difficult to treat. Individual physical technology, chemical technology, or biological technology is effective in removing certain pollutants from the flowback fluid. Moreover, the combined use of these treatment technologies prove more effective in achieving reuse or discharge standards. With the continuous expansion of shale gas development and increasingly stringent environmental protection requirements worldwide, the volume of flowback fluid requiring treatment is continuously rising. By developing energy-efficient and emission-reduction treatment technologies, and actively recycling and utilizing resources and energy, and adopting clean fracturing fluid system, efficient, energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and economically viable treatment for shale gas fracturing flowback fluid can be achieved.

Simulation, Fabrication and Microfiltration Using Dual Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membrane.

Microfluidic devices have gained subsequent attention due to their controlled manipulation of fluid for various biomedical applications. These devices can be used to study the behavior of fluid under several micrometer ranges within the channel. The major applications are the filtration of fluid, blood filtration and bio-medical analysis. For the filtration of water, as well as other liquids, the micro-filtration based microfluidic devices are considered as potential candidates to fulfill the desired conditions and requirements. The micro pore membrane can be designed and fabricated in such a way that it maximizes the removal of impurities from fluid. The low-cost micro-filtration method has been reported to provide clean fluid for biomedical applications and other purposes. In the work, anodic-aluminum-oxide-based membranes have been fabricated with different pore sizes ranging from 70 to 500 nm. A soft computing technique like fuzzy logic has been used to estimate the filtration parameters. Then, the finite-element-based analysis system software has been used to study the fluid flow through the double membrane. Then, filtration is performed by using a dual membrane and the clogging of the membrane has been studied after different filtration cycles using characterization like a scanning electron microscope. The filtration has been done to purify the contaminated fluid which has impurities like bacteria and protozoans. The membranes have been tested after each cycle to verify the results. The decrease in permeance with respect to the increase in the velocity of the fluid and the permeate volume per unit clearly depicts the removal of containments from the fluid after four and eight cycles of filtration. The results clearly show that the filtration efficiency can be improved by increasing the number of cycles and adding a dual membrane in the micro-fluidic device. The results show the potential of dual anodic aluminum oxide membranes for the effective filtration of fluids for biomedical applications, thereby offering a promising solution to address current challenges.

Intermolecular interactions induced property improvement for clean fracturing fluid by deep eutectic solvents

Fracturing fluid property play a critical role in developing unconventional reservoirs. Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) show fascinating potential for property improvement of clean fracturing fluids (CFFs) due to their low-price, low-toxicity, chemical stability and flexible designability. In this work, DESs were synthesized by mixing hydrogen bond acceptors (HBAs) and a given hydrogen bond donor (HBD) to explore their underlying influence on CFF properties based on the intermolecular interactions. The hydrogen-bonding, van der Waals and electrostatic interactions between DES components and surfactants improved the CFF properties by promoting the arrangement of surfactants at interface and enhancing the micelle network strength. The HBD enhanced the resistance of CFF for Ca2+ due to coordination-bonding interaction. The DESs composed of choline chloride (ChCl) and malonic acid show great enhancement for surface, rheology, temperature resistance, salt tolerance, drag reduction, and gel-breaking performance of CFFs. The DESs also improved the gel-breaking CFF-oil interactions, increasing the imbibition efficiencies to 44.2% in 74 h. Adjusting HBAs can effectively strengthen the intermolecular interactions (e.g., HBA-surfactant and HBD-surfactant interactions) to improve CFF properties. The DESs developed in this study provide a novel strategy to intensify CFF properties.