Classification Of Various Forms Research Articles

LANDSCAPE THERAPY FOR DISORDERS OF VISUAL PERCEPTION IN THE FAR NORTH

The development of the Russian Arctic continental shelf with the production of large volumes of oil products, the continuation of the functioning of the well-known mining enterprises of the Kola North for the extraction of rare earth and non-ferrous metals necessary for the country’s industry, the basing of the Northern Fleet as the most important component of the country’s defense capability require good health of all categories of workers and military personnel of the continental zone and the Arctic islands in the Far North. Psychoneurological diseases, including those associated with disorders of visual perception, developing on the basis of the «polar tension syndrome», acquire special significance in these conditions. Based on the results of generalization of the views existing in the scientific literature on the integrity of the mechanisms of visual perception, a two-dimensional classification of various forms of its variability has been developed, which can be used as a methodological basis for the construction of virtual and physical medical landscapes in recreational areas of military facilities, departmental sanatoriums and rest homes for prophylaxis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders caused by functional disorders of the body due to the impact of «polar load» and prolonged stay in closed technological spaces.

Академическое мошенничество и мотивация учебной деятельности студентов современных университетов

A review of domestic and foreign publications related to the analysis and classification of various forms of plagiarism and academic fraud in order to prevent them was carried out. The results of an empirical study of students ' attitude to plagiarism and an analysis of their motivation for educational activities are presented. Conclusions are made in accordance with the main content areas of the analysis and prospects for further research are outlined.

Академическое мошенничество и мотивация учебной деятельности студентов современных университетов

A review of domestic and foreign publications related to the analysis and classification of various forms of plagiarism and academic fraud in order to prevent them was carried out. The results of an empirical study of students ' attitude to plagiarism and an analysis of their motivation for educational activities are presented. Conclusions are made in accordance with the main content areas of the analysis and prospects for further research are outlined.

Novel Molecular Mechanisms of Pulmonary Hypertension: A Search for Biomarkers and Novel Drug Targets-From Bench to Bed Site.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as increased mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) above 25 mmHg, measured at rest by right heart catheterization. The exact global prevalence of PH is difficult to estimate, mainly due to the complex aetiology, and its spread may be underestimated. To date, numerous studies on the aetiology and pathophysiology of PH at molecular level were conducted. Simultaneously, some clinical studies have shown potential usefulness of well-known and widely recognized cardiovascular biomarkers, but their potential clinical usefulness in diagnosis and management of PH is poor due to their low specificity accompanied with numerous other cardiovascular comorbidities of PH subjects. On the other hand, a large body of basic research-based studies provides us with novel molecular pathomechanisms, biomarkers, and drug targets, according to the evidence-based medicine principles. Unfortunately, the simple implementation of these results to clinical practice is impossible due to a large heterogeneity of the PH pathophysiology, where the clinical symptoms constitute only a common denominator and a final result of numerous crosstalking metabolic pathways. Therefore, future studies, based mostly on translational medicine, are needed in order to both organize better the pathophysiological classification of various forms of PH and define precisely the optimal diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in particular forms of PH. This review paper summarizes the current state of the art regarding the molecular background of PH with respect to its current classification. Novel therapeutic strategies and potential biomarkers are discussed with respect to their limitations in use in common clinical practice.

Can Polyhydroxyalkanoates Be Produced Efficiently From Waste Plant and Animal Oils?

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are a potential replacement for some petrochemical-based plastics. PHAs are polyesters synthesized and stored by various bacteria and archaea in their cytoplasm as water-insoluble inclusions. PHAs are usually produced when the microbes are cultured with nutrient-limiting concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, or oxygen and excess carbon sources. Such fermentation conditions have been optimized by industry to reduce the cost of PHAs produced commercially. Industrially, these biodegradable polyesters are derived from microbial fermentation processes utilizing various carbon sources. One of the major constraints in scaling-up PHA production is the cost of the carbon source metabolized by the microorganisms. Hence, cheap and renewable carbon substrates are currently being investigated around the globe. Plant and animal oils have been demonstrated to be excellent carbon sources for high yield production of PHAs. Waste streams from oil mills or the used oils, which are even cheaper, are also used. This approach not only reduces the production cost for PHAs, but also makes a significant contribution toward the reduction of environmental pollution caused by the used oil. Advancements in the genetic and metabolic engineering of bacterial strains have enabled a more efficient utilization of various carbon sources, in achieving high PHA yields with specified monomer compositions. This review discusses recent developments in the biosynthesis and classification of various forms of PHAs produced using crude and waste oils from the oil palm and fish industries. The biodegradability of the PHAs produced from these oils will also be discussed.

Data-driven approaches for damage-type classification in vibrating square plates

Acoustic radiation from a mechanical structure due to broadband forcing is inherently dependent on the structure’s material, geometry, boundary conditions, and mechanical status. Measurements of this acoustic or vibrational response can be used to detect mechanical changes (i.e., damage) when compared to known baseline measurements of the structure. Often, however, knowledge of the type of damage is useful for subsequent considerations. Even for relatively simple structures, like flat plates, the lack of simple solutions to problems involving localized damage makes analytical treatments challenging. This is further complicated since the location and severity of damage are typically unknown a priori. We present a data-driven approach for classification of various forms of damage—including cuts, localized mass changes, delamination, and boundary changes—in a vibrating clamped square plate. Frequency response curves are generated using FEA of a 30-by-30-by-0.3-cm aluminum plate with various types and severity of damage. Features (including changes in peak-locations, -amplitudes, and -widths compared to baseline) are extracted and used to train classifiers, with performance quantified using auxiliary test data. Comparisons are made between classifier types, including nearest neighbor methods, discriminant analysis, and support vector machines. [Work supported by NAVSEA through the NEEC and the US DoD through an NDSEG Fellowship].Acoustic radiation from a mechanical structure due to broadband forcing is inherently dependent on the structure’s material, geometry, boundary conditions, and mechanical status. Measurements of this acoustic or vibrational response can be used to detect mechanical changes (i.e., damage) when compared to known baseline measurements of the structure. Often, however, knowledge of the type of damage is useful for subsequent considerations. Even for relatively simple structures, like flat plates, the lack of simple solutions to problems involving localized damage makes analytical treatments challenging. This is further complicated since the location and severity of damage are typically unknown a priori. We present a data-driven approach for classification of various forms of damage—including cuts, localized mass changes, delamination, and boundary changes—in a vibrating clamped square plate. Frequency response curves are generated using FEA of a 30-by-30-by-0.3-cm aluminum plate with various types and severit...

La cromoblastomicosis en Costa Rica

A review of the four Costa Rican cases of chromoblastomycosis published to date is presented. A comparative study of other cases, confirmed from a mycological viewpoint by the presence of parasites in the lesions, is presented. A classification of the various clinical forms is suggested and the previous two classifications are reviewed. It is noted that chromoblastomycosis in Costa Rica shows no outstanding differences from that in other american countries.

Understanding the Pathophysiology of Portosystemic Shunt by Simulation Using an Electric Circuit.

Portosystemic shunt (PSS) without a definable cause is a rare condition, and most of the studies on this topic are small series or based on case reports. Moreover, no firm agreement has been reached on the definition and classification of various forms of PSS, which makes it difficult to compare and analyze the management. The blood flow can be seen very similar to an electric current, governed by Ohm's law. The simulation of PSS using an electric circuit, combined with the interpretation of reported management results, can provide intuitive insights into the underlying mechanism of PSS development. In this article, we have built a model of PSS using electric circuit symbols and explained clinical manifestations as well as the possible mechanisms underlying a PSS formation.

Bone mineral density and bone histomorphometry in children on long-term dialysis

Bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar vertebrae (L(1)-L(4)) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 20 children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on dialysis, and its results were compared with bone biopsy and biochemical parameters. Biopsy specimens provided evidence of hyperparathyroid bone disease in eight cases (40%), and low bone turnover in 12 (60%). For BMD, expressed as Z-scores relative to normal, median Z-scores were -1.05 (range -2.36 to 1.06) for hyperparathyroid patients and -1.05 (range -4.40 to -0.03) for low bone turnover patients, with no statistical differences between groups (P = 0.512). In relation to BMD, of the whole sample, five (25%) had a Z-score under -2.0. When it was corrected for height, BMD was in the normal range. Additionally, there were no significant differences in single samples of serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase, phosphorus and intact parathyroid hormone (PTH) between groups with high or low bone turnover. Assessment of nutritional status, through height/age, showed that ten patients had Z-scores below -2.0 (median -2.12, range -7.13 to 0.73). In conclusion, renal osteodystrophy (ROD) seems to have a high prevalence among CKD pediatric patients, although only approximately a quarter of them developed changes in BMD. In children with CKD, measurements of bone mineral density may not be used for classification of various forms of ROD.

Clinical and Histological Experimental Investigation of Temporomandibular Joint Traumatic Arthritis

Objective: To investigate the symptoms and pathology related to classification of temporomandibular joint traumatic arthritis (TMJTA) and the use of classification of various forms. Methods: The clinical and imaging data of 41 patients with TMJTA caused by joint blunt trauma, 32 patients with chronic TMJTA caused by condylar fractures and 6 patients with a long time opening limitation after condylar fractures were included in the present study. In addition, the pathology of an experimental rabbit model of traumatic arthritis model of rabbit was examinedand investigated pathologically. Results: Joint movement restriction was found in most patients with TMJTA. The iImaging results findingsrevealed were bony degenerative changes, disc displacement, and joint adhesion in the patients with TMJTA caused by blunt trauma and condylar deformity in the patients with TMJTA caused by condylar fractures. In the experimental rabbits, hemorrhages, and condylar and disc damage could be seen in the early stage and signs of repair were seenrepairing action in the later stage of acute trauma. Conclusion: The causes of TMJTA canould be classified into two types: which was caused by joint blunt trauma and condylar fractures. The time boundary of acute and chronic TMJTA caused by blunt trauma and TMJTA caused by condyle fractures was suggested as one and six months respectively. The time boundary of acute and chronic TMJTA caused by blunt trauma and TMJTA caused by condylar fractures was suggested as one month and half a year respectively.

Diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of bone turnover abnormalities in renal osteodystrophy

HE ABNORMALITIES of the skeleton in chronic kidney disease (CKD), collectively known as renal osteodystrophy, are an important cause of morbidity and decreased quality of life. In the management of patients with kidney disease, it is necessary to have a rational approach to the diagnosis and assessment of renal osteodystrophy in order to devise a treatment plan that hopefully will lead to an improved outcome. In the past, the term renal osteodystrophy was mainly equated only with abnormalities of bone turnover, but as described in the article by Cunningham and Sprague 1 in this same issue, renal osteodystrophy is a complex disorder of compromised bone strength in CKD patients. While osteoporosis is a term used to describe fragile bones prone to fracture in the general population and is most often assessed by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), renal osteodystrophy should be the principal term to describe fragile bones prone to fracture and other morbidities in CKD. Renal osteodystrophy is a function of bone turnover (assessed by bone biopsy), bone density (assessed by DEXA or quantitative CT [qCT]), and bone architecture, but the principal determinant of bone fragility in CKD is abnormal bone turnover. However, diagnosing and treating bone turnover abnormalities remains challenging. Our discussion group met to assess the current state of knowledge, understand the basis of our current therapy, and identify the information that needs to be gathered to improve the therapy of bone turnover and thereby improve the disorder of renal osteodystrophy. A number of important questions, listed in Table 1, were considered.

STUDIES OF HUMAN MYOGLOBIN IN SEVERAL DISEASES OF MUSCLE.

ALTHOUGH the clinical features, mechanisms of inheritance and classification of various forms of muscular dystrophy are well understood3 4 5 the pathogenesis of these disorders still is unknown. That alterations in the myoglobin content of muscle might be of primary importance in muscular dystrophy first was suggested by Meldolesi6 and later by Biorck,7 who noted that the concentration of myoglobin was low in these disorders. However, neither the properties of the myoglobin in muscle diseases nor the mechanism of the decrease in concentration is known.In the present study myoglobins isolated from several kinds of abnormal muscle have been compared to normal . . .

About rheumatic etiology of endarteritis

The classification of various forms of endarteritis still seems to be an unresolved clinical problem. In this regard, there are great difficulties in the treatment, in particular, with the physical therapy of this disease.