Classification Of Territories Research Articles

Trajectories of urban land consumption along the urban-rural gradient in France, 1975–2020

ABSTRACT Urban land consumption negatively impacts ecosystem services such as food production, carbon regulation, and water absorption. Despite indications of densification in some large cities, evidence shows that built-up land has been increasing faster than population globally. However, existing research disproportionally focuses on large cities, overlooking intermediate and rural territories. Our study examines the trajectories of urban land consumption along the urban-rural gradient in France between 1975 and 2020. We quantify built-up land per capita (BPC) and the changes therein and compare it to a 7-level classification of territories according to their density. BPC increased 59%, combining a 95% increase in built-up land and a 23% population growth. Yet, BPC change varied considerably across the seven territory classes: very scattered rural areas experienced the largest growth (+190 m2) while large cities grew more efficiently (+11 m2). Intermediate territories, such as peri-urban areas and small cities, increased BPC by 65% and 78%, respectively. Our findings confirm the hypothesis of urban land use polarization, as rural areas were sparser than large cities in the base year, and this difference increased over time. This underlines the urgency to address the distinct land use trajectories for effective no net land take policies.

URBAN PLANNING APPROACHES TO PLANNING THE BEAUTIFICATION SYSTEM OF RESIDENTIAL AREAS DURING THEIR RECONSTRUCTION

The analysis of planning experience of inhabited localities urban beautification in view of reconstruction was undertaken in the article. The question of Ukrainian experience of urban beautification system in accordance with approved standards and State Constructional Standards was envisaged. Analysis of validation state of local documents in urban beautification field was carried out and it has shown deficient percentage of regulatory documents approval on local level, which is one of key issues of urban beautification development. Furthermore, detailed analysis of foreign experience of urban beautification planning and development trend of this system I such countries, as USA, Canada, France, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan was carried out. It is shown that first and critical stage of planning of effective urban beautification is preparing and approving corresponding certificates and standards. Emphasis added to functioning normative legal documents on issues relating to urban beautification, in accordance to which the territory reconstruction in mentioned countries is realized. It was established that reference direction of urban beautification development in mentioned countries lies in parking lots removing out of the borders of curtilage or underground parking arrangement, landscape gardening development and classification of such territories by levels of urban gardening, territory reconstruction in accordance with typical schemes of street infrastructure development, urban gardening, cycle paths, etc. It is shown that problem solution of habitable open grounds organization on city level resides in usage intensification of such territories, and on the level of residential compounds – in increasing exploitation properties of open grounds. As a result of undertaken analysis it was established that raised problem of increasing the effectiveness of residential area usage within residential areas imposes complex approach, including question of land development intensiveness, architectural and planning organization and open grounds beautification.

Interactive effects of agricultural landscape heterogeneity and weather conditions on breeding density and reproductive success of a diurnal raptor.

Agricultural intensification and climate change are serious threats toward animal populations worldwide. Agricultural intensification reduces the heterogeneity of agricultural habitats by diminishing crop variation and destroying microhabitats, such as small woody features, whereas the effects of climate change range from the growing frequency of weather extremes to disrupted prey-predator dynamics. We collected long-term ringing data from a population of Eurasian kestrels (Falco tinnunculus) located amidst agricultural areas in western Finland during 1985-2021, which we combined with density indices of their main prey species (voles), spatial data consisting of land cover classification of kestrel territories, and weather data, to study the effects of different environmental drivers on breeding density and success. We found that the density of inhabited nests rose with vole abundance and springtime snow depth, with the overall trend of population growth being stronger in areas with more heterogeneous landscapes. Clutch size was influenced negatively by the age of male parent and landscape heterogeneity, and positively by vole abundance, with rainfall having a negative influence conditional to other variables. Likewise, the number of produced fledglings was affected by male age, but it was additionally positively associated with landscape heterogeneity and its interaction with rainfall, with greater fledgling output in heterogeneous landscapes during high precipitation. The discrepancy between factors predicting large clutches and high numbers of fledglings suggests that while kestrels do not prefer heterogeneous landscapes when prospecting for territories, heterogeneous habitats provide better circumstances for foraging during the nestling period, which ensures nestling survival, particularly during adverse environmental conditions. Therefore, breeding in areas under intense agricultural use is more suboptimal to kestrels than their territory preferences would indicate. As changing climate may reduce prey availability and heighten the probability of weather extremities, agricultural intensification may lead to weaker reproductive success in densely populated farmland habitats.

Rurality, islandness and public policy in Scotland

ABSTRACT Territorial classifications are routinely used in public policy. In Scotland, the primary classification used to delimit what, where and who is ‘rural’ is the Scottish Government’s Urban Rural Classification, introduced in 2003. However, in the recent past, there appears to have been a reframing of ‘rural definitions’ in the Scottish policy context. We highlight some of the challenges associated with developing a more nuanced framing of ‘rural’, drawing upon an analysis of responses to the statutory consultations associated with three recent items of draft legislation: namely, the 2015 consultation on provisions for a future Islands Bill, the 2019 consultation on a proposal for a Remote Rural Communities Bill, and the 2020–2021 consultation to support the preparation of the Fourth National Planning Framework. Implications of these new framings for rural policy, planning and development are discussed. Our conclusion is that, while no territorial classification system is perfect, extending the use of existing tools may offer both robust policy support as well as meaningful insights that differentiate types of ‘rural’ in a way that is a better fit for current purposes.

Cyber Crime Classification and Analysis of Various Indian States and Union Territories During 2011 to 2022 Using Data Mining Techniques

This paper attempts to identify the performance and to classify the cybercrime rate in Indian states during the period of 2022 with twenty-seven states and seven union teritories. The secondary source of data were collected from National Crime Records Bureau in India. Intially, the researchers selected 27 parameters related to crime. After data mining few variables are discarded from the analysis. The discarded variables are considered as outliers. The remaing twenty parameters were considered for further analysis, the variables like hacking the system, sexual exploitation, business, personal emotion, purchase of illegal drugs, spreading piracy, motives of blackmailing, etc. In this connection the main objectives are (i) to identify in which states crime rate is more, (ii) to identify which factors influence more for cybercrime, and (iii) to classify the performance based on the k-means clustering techniques. The results are classifed and are labelled as High Cyber Crime Rate States (HCCRS), Moderate Cyber Crime Rate States (MCCRS) and Low Cyber Crime Rate States (LCCRS)

Plaque Territory Detection in IVUS Images based on Concentration of Entropy and Gradient Magnitude via Spiral Random Walk-based Approach

This paper presents a simple and optimal approach for automatically identifying the location and size of plaque territories in IVUS images, thus improving plaque territory classification. Unlike existing circular-based algorithms, we leverage the anatomical structure of IVUS images to enhance accuracy. The adventitia, which constitutes the largest part of the image, serves as a landmark; however, its low contrast makes edge detection challenging. To address this issue, we enhance the brightness of the adventitia, identify and remove intima blobs, and accurately determine the media boundary. This aids in simplifying the calculation of plaque territory. To locate the plaque territory, we employ a spiral random walk-based approach that utilizes the concentration of entropy and gradient magnitude in the target area. Our approach outperforms existing methods, contributing to automated plaque analysis for cardiovascular disease diagnosis and treatment. The results show that the proposed approach achieves an accuracy of 0.89, precision of 0.81, recall of 0.77, and F1-Score of 0.83, respectively.

Advanced producer services in Germany: a relational perspective on spatial core–periphery structures, 2009–19

ABSTRACT This paper challenges the traditional perspective of a territorial core–periphery pattern as an organizing principle of space by introducing a relational perspective through an empirical approach. We study spatial processes of knowledge creation among advanced producer services in Germany between 2009 and 2019. We use a unique longitudinal dataset to analyse if German regions have become more integrated into the intra-firm location networks nationally and globally, and how this translates into the processes of centralization and peripheralization. The current conceptualization of core–periphery in Germany is too static and does not reflect the economic development of the regions. We find that there is no trend of urban areas becoming more integrated and peripheral areas less integrated into these networks. Instead, our research finds a discrepancy between the federal territorial classification and the functional orientation of German regions. Regions classified as peripheral have not generally decreased in connectivity to other regions. In contrast, some have increased their connectivity and have become more central in relational terms. Overall, we identified peripheralization and centralization as a relational process with dynamic, overlapping and trans-scalar networks.

Territory Differences in Adaptation to Heat among Persons Aged 65 Years and Over in Spain (1983–2018)

Climate change is currently regarded as the greatest global threat to human health, and its health-related consequences take different forms according to age, sex, socioeconomic level, and type of territory. The aim of this study is to ascertain the differences in vulnerability and the heat-adaptation process through the minimum mortality temperature (MMT) among the Spanish population aged ≥65 years by territorial classification. A retrospective, longitudinal, ecological time-series study, using provincial data on daily mortality and maximum daily temperature across the period 1983-2018, was performed, differentiating between urban and nonurban populations. The MMTs in the study period were higher for the ≥65-year age group in urban provinces, with a mean value of 29.6 °C (95%CI 29.2-30.0) versus 28.1 °C (95%CI 27.7-28.5) in nonurban provinces. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). In terms of adaptation levels, higher average values were obtained for nonurban areas, with values of 0.12 (95%CI -0.13-0.37), than for urban areas, with values of 0.09 (95%CI -0.27-0.45), though this difference was not statistically significant (p < 0.05). These findings may contribute to better planning by making it possible to implement more specific public health prevention plans. Lastly, they highlight the need to conduct studies on heat-adaptation processes, taking into account various differential factors, such as age and territory.

Automatic detection and vascular territory classification of hyperacute staged ischemic stroke on diffusion weighted image using convolutional neural networks

Automated ischemic stroke detection and classification according to its vascular territory is an essential step in stroke image evaluation, especially at hyperacute stage where mechanical thrombectomy may improve patients’ outcome. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of various convolutional neural network (CNN) models on hyperacute staged diffusion-weighted images (DWI) for detection of ischemic stroke and classification into anterior circulation infarct (ACI), posterior circulation infarct (PCI) and normal image slices. In this retrospective study, 253 cases of hyperacute staged DWI were identified, downloaded and reviewed. After exclusion, DWI from 127 cases were used and we created a dataset containing total of 2119 image slices, and separates it into three groups, namely ACI (618 slices), PCI (149 slices) and normal (1352 slices). Two transfer learning based CNN models, namely Inception-v3, EfficientNet-b0 and one self-derived modified LeNet model were used. The performance of the models was evaluated and activation maps using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-Cam) technique were made. Inception-v3 had the best overall accuracy (86.3%), weighted F1 score (86.2%) and kappa score (0.715), followed by the modified LeNet (85.2% accuracy, 84.7% weighted F1 score and 0.693 kappa score). The EfficientNet-b0 had the poorest performance of 83.6% accuracy, 83% weighted F1 score and 0.662 kappa score. The activation map showed that one possible explanation for misclassification is due to susceptibility artifact. A sufficiently high performance can be achieved by using CNN model to detect ischemic stroke on hyperacute staged DWI and classify it according to vascular territory.

Standardization of geodetic data for determination of boundaries of natural reserve areas

The research aims to analyze geodetic methods for determining the location of natural reserve areas and standardizing the obtained data. The object of the research is the standardization of geodetic data for determining the boundaries of natural reserve areas. Normative and legal documents related to the classification and determination of territories of natural reserve areas and the main geodetic methods used to determine the boundaries of such areas were analyzed in the article. The structure and description of the main geodetic methods for the practical implementation of work to determine the location of natural reserve areas, including geodetic measurements, global navigation, and remote sensing methods, were also discussed. In addition, a number of discrepancies were identified in the process of obtaining, storing, and reproducing geodetic data. Overall, the article contains important information about methods for determining the boundaries of natural reserve areas and how mathematical methods can be used to standardize geodetic data by formalizing it. The research showed that formalization of geodetic data can be done using mathematical methods such as mathematical logic, Boolean algebra, and category theory. The article proposes the use of mathematical methods of data formalization, such as mathematical logic, Boolean algebra, and category theory, to structure and standardize geodetic data. Analytical and graphical models for standardizing geodetic data for determining the boundaries of natural reserve areas were developed using mathematical methods of formalization such as mathematical logic, Boolean algebra, and category theory.

Кластерный анализ демографических процессов в Казахстане на современном этапе

The article is devoted to the analysis of demographic processes using cluster analysis. The application of the method of cluster analysis for the selection of territorial groups in the regional context is proposed. The relevance of the application of the method is substantiated by the fact that today the average statistical data do not allow considering the characteristics of the population in a complete picture. The review of the results of the application of cluster analysis, which reflected the unfavorable characteristics of the population, describes the possible consequences as a result of the impact of these unfavorable characteristics. The need to classify territories is indicated without considering the regional centers of attraction of the population — regional centers, large cities and the capital. This approach makes it possible to note and trace the problems of excessive concentration of the population of Kazakhstan in cities — regional centers of attraction and exposure of nearby and rural areas. Further application of the method of territorial classification with the use of cluster analysis in the study of demographic processes of the population is proposed. The results of the cluster analysis demonstrate a variety of characteristics data for Kazakhstan in connection with the methodology for allocating territories. The study results designates a more appropriate assessment of the characteristics of the population, reveals the problems of the demographic characteristics of the population.

ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫЕ ЗАКОНОМЕРНОСТИ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ТРИХИНЕЛЛЕЗА НА ЮГЕ ДАЛЬНЕГО ВОСТОКА РОССИИ

The registered cases of trichinosis among the population of four federal entities of the south of the Far East (Amur Region, Jewish Autonomous Region, Transbaikal Territory and Khabarovsk Territory) in 2000-2020 were considered. A spatial analysis, mapping and visualization was carried out on the basis of data derived from state reports of the Rospotrebnadzor on the number of cases and the frequency of their registration in the context of municipalities. A typological classification of territories has been built using the developed scoring and the identification of statistically significant “hot” and “cold” spots has been provided. It has been established that the incidence of trichinosis in humans is associated with both the consumption of meat of wild animals and domestic pigs, which, apparently, is associated with the Trichinella species prevailing in each specific area. Regions with stably recorded incidence have been identified, however, the establishment of more obvious spatial patterns of the spread of trichinosis is hindered by the insufficiency and incompleteness of published data, in particular, the lack or inaccessibility of information on the Trichinella species composition and the fragmentation of data on the results of epidemiological investigations. The tested method gives an idea of the levels of risk of infection with trichinosis for the population of the region and can be used for more in-depth studies in the future. Key words: trichinosis, spatial statistics, risk assessment, hot and cold spots.

Climatology, Bioclimatology and Vegetation Cover: Tools to Mitigate Climate Change in Olive Groves

This work establishes the relationship between bioclimatology and agronomy. Bioclimatic indices are obtained for several areas under olive cultivation and correlated with olive yields. Due to the effect of climate change on cultivation and the high economic losses it produces, we propose a sustainable development model for the territorial classification of crops based on bioclimatic knowledge. Bioclimatic diagrams are prepared to provide information on water stress in crops so that irrigation can be carried out at the most effective time, a measure that has been shown to lead to water and energy savings for growers. In addition to this development model, we propose the application of non-aggressive cultivation techniques such as the use of living plant cover to ensure the protection of the soil and avoid losses due to climate irregularities. Studies conducted up to the present on applied bioclimatology have yielded promising results in the fields of farming and forestry. The maps and bioclimatic indices of Professor Rivas-Martínez, Ic, Io and It/Itc, are essential for bioclimatic classification. The agricultural development model with a bioclimatic basis ensures economic savings for growers and minimizes the environmental impact of cultivation. In the case of olive cultivation we detected that in 2005 all the cultivated areas that were not in their thermoclimatic optimum were damaged by frost. The widespread cultivation of olive groves in the Mediterranean basin, and mainly in the south of Spain, is reason enough to establish a relationship between its production and its bioclimatic environment. The ombroclimatic study in certain localities under olive cultivation shows that areas with Io &lt;2.5 are unproductive (Jodar, Tabernas), and that their low Io value needs to be supplemented with irrigation water. This means extracting water from aquifers for agricultural use, when the current climate irregularities do not allow the excessive use of subsoil water. For the time being the only way of mitigating this situation is with sustainable development, which requires a bioclimatic understanding of the territory; and the use of appropriate cultivation techniques, including herbaceous plant covers. In this last case a knowledge of the plant associations in the phytosociological class Stellarietea mediae constitutes the basis for establishing either natural or sown vegetation cover.

ДОСВІД РОЗБУДОВИ ТЕРИТОРІІ ХОРВАТІЇ ПІСЛЯ ЗБРОЙНОГО КОНФЛІКТУ: УМОВИ, ПРІОРИТЕТИ ТА ІНСТРУМЕНТАРІЙ

The article examines experience of the Republic of Croatia in the development of de-occupied and affected territories post the armed conflict. The authors analyzed economic and legal conditions for the construction of the Croatian territories destroyed after the armed conflict and their financial support by international donors through the creation of local economic development agencies, development and implementation of the local economic development concept in Croatia and adaptation of the legal framework to new economic goals. The priorities and four components of the strategic project of the social and economic recovery of Croatia have been determined. The first component of the project aimed at attracting investment in territorial communities, the second component devoted to the process of demining de-occupied territories, the third is the provision of consulting services to strengthen management potential, and the fourth component of the project aimed at supporting sub-projects in such areas as: social integration, economic revival and infrastructure for small communities in Croatia. The article demonstrates the economic and legal instruments of special state support for the development of the de-occupied territories of Croatia as well as the classification of territories requiring special state support. Emphasis placed on the expediency of state administration decentralization and the use of tax incentives, including real estate transfer tax, income tax received in the territory of special state supervision and corporate tax. In addition, noteworthy is the creation of three types of territories that received special state aid through income tax exemption or tax rate differentiation over time. Special state support was provided by providing housing to the population affected by the “Croatian War”. The conducted research made possible to establish the successes and shortcomings of the Croatian experience for the possible extrapolation of developments to Ukrainian realities.

Theoretical Analysis of Scientific Approaches to the Study of Printing of Recreational and Tourist Complexes

Relevance: the relevance, declared in the article of the problem, and the time being discussed, based on theoretical analysis of scientific approaches, their generalization systematized theoretical and methodological bases of functioning of entertainment, and recreational facilities in the national economy, refined the concept of recreation and wellness center. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to develop and improve organizational and economic bases for stimulating the development of the tourist and recreational complex. Methods: Different research methods, including the dialectical approach (the study of institutional units included in the tourist and recreational complex), grouping (the classification of types of tourism and tourist and recreational resources), a systematic approach (structurization touristy) was used to achieve the set goal. Tourist and recreational complex), the method of structural-logical generalization (improvement of the conceptual apparatus for stimulating the development of the tourist-recreational complex), index, comparative Economic and statistical analysis (determination of the state and efficiency of the tourism and recreation complex functioning), project analysis (evaluation of the effectiveness of investment projects), and others. Results: The theoretical and methodological developments in the part of tourist and recreational classification of territories are considered. Based on the worked out sources, a generalization is made that the main problem in the complex assessment of recreational and tourist resources is their delimitation during the assessment. Іdentifies theoretical approaches to the study of the attractiveness of the tourist and recreational complex, substantiates the economic content of this study, as well as reveals the conceptual foundations of the study of the attractiveness of the tourist and recreational complex. Practical Significance: The socio-economic preconditions for the formation of the attractiveness of the tourist and recreational complex have been studied, as well as the attractiveness of the tourist and recreational complex has been assessed. The basis is the scenario of the development of common features for the tourist-recreational and resort systems, namely: the possibility of modelling a variety of economic development options, especially in regions that do not have the main segments of the economy (industry and agriculture) but have resources for tourism and recreation.

Problem regions and State policy in the field of regional economy

Now, there are no generally accepted ideas about the types of regions, there is no modern classification of regions according to the regional economic policy being implemented. This is the most important task in the regional policy of the state at the moment. There is a need to identify depressive regions with the help of such classification, to determine the economic levers with which it is possible to solve the most acute and important problems of such regions, as well as to determine the ways of development of these regions. As a result of such an analysis of the situation, federal aid should go to those regions that are most in crisis and that really need it. Various methodological approaches to the classification of regions for solving such problems are considered. Due to the complexity of analyzing the effectiveness of regional policy for individual regions, modern tools cannot provide an accurate answer to the question about the state of the region’s economy. There are no clear criteria for whether a given region is located in backward or depressed areas. All this affects the state of things and develops due to the inability to objectively assess and compare all the conditions for the development of the region and take into account all the data in a complex. As a result of the above and taking into account the limited resources of the federal center, territorial classification in the field of federal assistance is required. In many countries, there is a widespread practice combining quantitative and expert assessments when making decisions in the field of federal assistance to the region. The proposed typologization will make it possible to provide federal assistance to those regions that are most in crisis and that really need it.

Talking about trees: the territorial classification of native forests in the Argentinian Chaco

Deforestation represents an important contributor to climate change. For this reason, identifying conditions that enable the adoption of policies halting or reversing this process is crucial to avoid catastrophic climate change. The Argentinian Gran Chaco is a hotspot of deforestation, mainly due to the expansion of capital-intensive agriculture. In Argentina, the introduction of the national forest law (NFL) represents an important step to protect the remaining forests. However, in the Chaco ecoregion, the implementation of the NFL by the different provinces is extremely heterogeneous. Previous research has provided rich descriptions of the dynamics behind the implementation of the NFL. Yet this research, mainly based on qualitative approaches, does not allow for a systematic analysis of the conditions leading to more or less stringent implementations of the NFL. To address this gap, we first combine the socio-ecological systems framework with historical materialism to generate a plausible hypothesis for the heterogeneous implementation of the NFL across the 12 different provinces of the Argentinian Chaco. Specifically, we hypothesise that it is the differences in contextual factors (i.e. differences in forest cover), material/economic conditions (i.e. presence and extent of capital-intensive agriculture) and the strength of pro- and anti-deforestation coalitions, which lead to a heterogeneous territorial classification of native forests across the various provinces. Subsequently, we test the hypothesis by developing thorough case studies via qualitative comparative analysis. This approach allows us to study in a more systematic way the reasons for the observed institutional heterogeneity. The results show that the proportion of native forests characterised as of low conservation value reflects both the environmental context (i.e. the extent of native forests) as well as the material/economic conditions (i.e. the extent of capital-intensive agriculture) and the presence of strong pro-deforestation cultures, expressed via pro-deforestation coalitions.

Semantic segmentation guided detector for segmentation, classification, and lesion mapping of acute ischemic stroke in MRI images

Background and purposeMRI images timely and accurately reflect ischemic injuries to the brain tissues and, therefore, can support clinical decision-making of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). To maximize the information provided by the MRI images, we leverage deep learning models to segment, classify, and map lesion distributions of AIS. MethodsWe evaluated brain MRI images of AIS patients from 2017 to 2020 at a tertiary teaching hospital and developed the Semantic Segmentation Guided Detector Network (SGD-Net), composed of the first U-shaped model for segmentation in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and the second model for binary classification of lesion size (lacune vs. non-lacune) and circulatory territory of lesion location (anterior vs. posterior circulation). Next, we modified the two-stage deep learning model into SGD-Net Plus by automatically segmenting AIS lesions in DWI images and registering the lesion in T1-weighted images and the brain atlases. ResultsThe final enrollment (216 patients with 4606 slices) was divided into 80% for model development and 20% for testing. S1 model segmented AIS lesions in DWI images accurately with a pixel accuracy > 99% (Dice 0.806–0.828 and IoU 0.675–707). In comprehensive evaluation of classification performance, the two-stage SGD-Net outperformed the traditional one-stage models in classifying AIS lesion size (accuracy 0.867–0.956 vs. 0.511–0.867, AUROC 0.962–0.992 vs. 0.528–0.937, AUPRC 0.964–0.994 vs. 0.549–0.938) and location (accuracy 0.860–0.930 vs. 0.326–0.721, AUROC 0.936–0.988 vs. 0.493–0.833, AUPRC 0.883–0.978 vs. 0.365–0.695). The precise lesion segmentation at the first stage of the deep learning model was the basis for further application. After that, the modified two-stage model SGD-Net Plus accurately reported the volume, region percentage, and lesion percentage of each region on the selected brain atlas. Its reports provided clear descriptions and quantifications of the AIS-related brain injuries on white matter tracts, Brodmann areas, and cytoarchitectonic areas. ConclusionDomain knowledge-oriented design of artificial intelligence applications can deepen our understanding of patients’ conditions and strengthen the use of MRI for patient care. SGD-Net precisely segments AIS lesions on DWI and accurately classifies the lesions. In addition, SGD-Net Plus maps the AIS lesions and quantifies their occupancy in each brain region. They are practical tools to meet the clinical needs and enrich educational resources of neuroimage.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЕ РАЙОНИРОВАНИЕ БЕЛАРУСИ: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ АДМИНИСТРАТИВНЫХ ЕДИНИЦ

In order to increase administrative efficiency, formulate regional policy, identify issues of local development, allocate resources, etc., most coun- tries in the world subdivide their national territory into administrative units (regions). However, according to many scientists and practitioners, the estab- lished administrative units, despite their official status and stability, in most cases have some limitations and disadvantages associated with obtaining the necessary information about their development, especially when it comes to international comparability. That circumstance arouses great interest among the scientific community and practitioners in the issues of economic regiona-lization. In foreign literature, the identification and delineation of regions is usually based on the concept of local / regional labor markets. At the same time, local labor markets are influenced by a large number of external factors and are not stable over time, which complicates the procedure for determining the optimal number and quantitative parameters of administrative units. The article pre-sents a methodology for determining the quantitative parameters of adminis- trative units of various levels, based on the application of the “random forest” algorithm for the classification of territories using quantitative and categorical variables characterizing the level of their socio-economic development. Appro- bation of the methodology as exemplified by the Republic of Belarus made it possible to establish the critical values of the quantitative parameters of the administrative units of the first and basic levels, the achievement of which will ensure the uniform development of the selected regions

ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ СТРАТЕГИИ РАЗВИТИЯ ГОРОДА: КРИЗИС ВИДЕНИЯ

The article deals with the problems of determining the strategic vision of the development of modern cities through the prism of public policy discourse. The author also adds a framework for the spatial development of the city and its socioeconomic context, which now are rarely synchronized when working out strategic planning documents. The author emphasizes the need for a more fundamental study of the classical theories of strategizing and their refraction to determine the future of cities. An important component is a different approach to the classification of territories, considering the practical significance of the refraction of fundamental concepts of the social contract and strategies for involving key stakeholders in the development of territories. The article raises the problem of determining the subjects of the strategic process and provides three models for involving various interested actors in the process of determining the vision of the development of the city with an assessment of the impact of each of the participants on the result. The transition from an industrial-type urban economy to a modern one imposes several obligations on the spatial solutions being worked out as part of ensuring a new quality of life in cities and meeting the needs of citizens as efficiently as possible. To implement this task, the author provides a three-component structure of the Strategic Plan for the development of the city, consisting of three synchronously sequential components: a comprehensive analysis, a public plan for the development of the city and an infrastructure and service model of the development of the city. The article examines the case of the small town of Staraya Rusa (Novgorod region) in the framework of the successful organization of interaction between various internal actors and key stakeholders in the formation of a strategic vision and the main directions of the development of the territory.