Classical Themes Research Articles

The Sociology of Entrepreneurship Revisited

Over the last two decades, the sociology of entrepreneurship has exploded as an area of academic inquiry. Most of this research has been focused on understanding the environmental conditions that promote entrepreneurship and processes related to the initial formation of an organization. Despite this surge in activity, many important questions remain open. Only more recently have scholars begun to turn their attention to what happens to organizations, and the people connected to them, as they mature and move through the life cycle of entrepreneurship. These open questions, moreover, connect to many classic themes in the literature on careers, organizational sociology, stratification, and work and occupations. Using a framework that focuses on three phases of the entrepreneurial life cycle—pre-entry, entry, and post-entry—we summarize sociological research on entrepreneurship and highlight opportunities for future research.

“PUSHKIN FEATURES” IN THE LATE CHEKHOV

The article is devoted to the significance of Pushkin for the late Chekhov. In contrast to the early and mature Chekhov, it is manifested not simply in the use of Pushkin’s images to enrich the writer’s artistic vocabulary. In his later years, Chekhov also correlated his own fate with Pushkin’s and turned to Pushkin to reinterpret classical themes of literature, in particular, the theme of real and imaginary love, outlined by Leo Tolstoy in Anna Karenina.

Melodic Pattern Repetition and Efficient Encoding: A Corpus Study

Melodies are full of repeated patterns of pitch, interval, and rhythm. It has been suggested that these repeated patterns aid the listener in creating an efficient encoding; this raises the possibility that compositional practice might have evolved to facilitate this process. I propose three specific hypotheses about compositional practice: 1) Repeated intervallic patterns tend to be metrically parallel, with each instance of the pattern falling at the same position in relation to the metrical structure; 2) Purely intervallic repetitions tend to be confined to short distances (longer-distance repetitions tend to involve repetition of scale-degrees as well); 3) Repeated intervallic patterns tend to involve multiple intervals rather than single ones. In each case, I explain how such a compositional strategy might facilitate efficient encoding. Corpus analyses of classical themes and European folk songs find support for all three hypotheses.

War and Peace in Game of Thrones as An Epic Narrative

This study aims to examine the war and peace themes in the TV series Game of Thrones, which can be considered as an epic a popular culture narrative. Epics’ themes are of war, adventure and chivalry and they reproduce discourse on values, morality, war and peace though one or more protagonists. Epics, traditionally, construct war discourse by concepts like just war, war ethics and honor, and peace discourse by absence of war. In this study, Game of Thrones, has been examined in terms of war and peace themes via Thematic Analysis. Results revealed that Game of Thrones, somewhat differs from traditional epic narratives. Although classical themes like “just war discourse” pops on and off throughout the show, it is also emphasizes that war is not a glorious act. Showing conflicting perspectives of the warring parties, narrative of the show refutes many narratives that serves as justification of war. Moreover, in Game of Thrones universe, peace is not built on the absence of war. Narrative emphasized that non-conflict is not sufficient but a just administration is necessary for peace. In this context, peacebuilding in the Game of Thrones manifests itself in a way that converges with Galtung's conceptualization of peace.

The roots of legitimacy in ethnic-cultural festivals and their influence on residents’ loyalty: an analysis of two Brazilian Oktoberfests

PurposeLegitimacy is a classic theme, quite present in organisational studies in general, but in the field of tourism it still has room to advance. For that reason, this research seeks to delimit the concept of legitimacy and adapt it to the context of tourism events; and seeks to validate a measurement instrument that allows to evaluate of its recognition in the imagination of residents, and to evaluate the impacts of this construct on residents’ trust in the organisers of Brazilian Oktoberfest, on the negative externalities of those events and, ultimately, on the achievement of residents’ loyalty.Design/methodology/approachThe locus of the research are the cities of Blumenau, Santa Catarina and Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Catarina, both located in southern Brazil, whose residents answered an online questionnaire about the legitimacy of the Oktoberfest held there. A total of 365 valid questionnaires were collected, tabulated in statistical software and interpreted using exploratory-confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results show that festival legitimacy is a theoretical construct that can be measured as either a first-order or second-order factor, consisting of three factors, called moral legitimacy, pragmatic legitimacy and cognitive legitimacy.Originality/valueThis research provides a valid and reliable tool for assessing local residents' acceptance of ethno-cultural festivals. It also shows variations in the perception of legitimacy, demonstrating that this can influence other aspects of residents' perception of ethnocultural events.

RELATIVITY OR NOT OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHT TO SILENCE

This Article brings out specific and deepened approach to the right to silence, examining the hypothesis according to which the aforementioned constitutional and fundamental right would be relative or not. With the aim of scrutinizing the right to silence, based on an investigative stimulus provoked by a concrete situation resulting from a court decision, the present study starts from the analysis of the idea of ​​complementarity and interdisciplinarity between Public Law and Private Law, as well as among varied branches of law. This is because the right to silence itself, better explored in the second chapter, depending on interpretations and theoretical developments, can gravitate and transit, sometimes more, sometimes less, along with Public and Private Laws. And because the right to silence is, at the same time, another right to freedom found in the 1988 Brazilian Constitution, its specific research in this article is preceded by directed evaluation of other fundamental freedoms, such as the expression of thought, among others developed in the text. Finally, considering the analytical-deductive methodology used, supported by theories, legislation, legal norms and current concrete decisional examples, this research revisits classical themes, but strengthens and innovates them with a peculiar and specific epistemological and hermeneutic exercise.

Is the scientific impact of the LIS themes gender-biased? A bibliometric analysis of the evolution, scientific impact, and relative contribution by gender from 2007 to 2022

AbstractGender equity remains a challenge both globally and within academia, despite recent efforts to change it. Moreover, beyond the authors’ productivity, studies have reported that women often achieve lower scientific impact than their peers. To shed light on this complex relationship between the scientific impact and the themes addressed, this study conducts a comprehensive analysis of Library and Information Science field from 2007 to 2022 in four consecutive slides, identifying the principal themes covered in the field, analyzing the relative gender contribution rate, employing strategic diagrams, and assessing impact metrics, such as mean normalized citation score, 1% of most cited papers, and H-Classic. We employed science mapping analysis to explore a core of 45,650 documents from the Web of Science, with gender identification in 94.25% of cases. Our findings revealed a slight increase in the percentage of women authors within the field across the time, and a decline during the COVID-19 pandemic, demonstrating consistency in the themes addressed over the years. Women were overrepresented in the classic themes of LIS, human, and health-related fields, with these themes displaying lower performance rates. In contrast, men authors were overrepresented in STEM-related fields and innovation themes, associated with higher metric values. Our findings underlined the potential association between research themes and scientific performance, and provide societal and structural explanations for these observations. This study contributes valuable insights into the relationship between research themes and the scientific impact achieved by researchers in LIS, highlighting the importance of encouraging women’s participation in diverse knowledge domains and challenging prevailing stereotypes within academic and professional spheres.

Does the Larkin length exist?

The yield stress of random solid solutions is a classic theme in physical metallurgy that currently attracts a renewed interest in connection to high entropy alloys. Here, we revisit this subject using a minimal dislocation dynamics model, where a dislocation is represented as an elastic line with a constant line tension embedded in the stochastic stress field of the solutes. Our exploration of size effects reveals that the so-called Larkin length (Lc ) is not a length scale over which a dislocation can be geometrically decomposed. Instead, Lc is a crossover length scale marking a transition in dislocation behavior identifiable in at least three properties: (1) below Lc , the dislocation is close to straight, aligned in a single energy valley, while above Lc , it roughens and traverses several valleys; (2) the yield stress exhibits pronounced size-dependence below Lc but becomes size-independent above Lc ; (3) the power-spectral density of the dislocation shape changes scaling at a critical wavelength directly proportional to Lc . We show that for white and correlated stress noises, Lc and the thermodynamic limit of the yield stress can be predicted using Larkin’s model, where the noise dependence in the glide direction is neglected. Moreover, we show that our analysis is relevant beyond the minimal line tension model by comparison with atomic-scale simulations. Finally, our work suggests a practical approach for predicting yield stresses in atomistic models of random solid solutions, which only involves small-scale atomistic simulations below Lc .

Ladner, Andreas & Sager, Fritz (Eds.) (2022). Handbook on the Politics of Public Administration. Edward Elgar Publishing. 428 Seiten. ISBN-978–1839109430.

The relationship between politics and administration is a classic theme of public administration, while it has been rather ignored in political science. The handbook provides an excellent overview of their interdependencies. It is useful both as a reference to inform oneself quickly and reliably about their relationship in all kinds of fields (and countries, from the US over Russia, China, Japan to Mexico etc.) but it should be particularly valuable as a supplementary textbook, especially in the wake of the (New) Public Management fashion, which often thrived on simple, not to say naive, ideas of the separation of politics and administration. Whether one is interested in e. g. bureaucracy, decentralization, new public governance, administrative reform, implementation, evaluation, regulation, administrative law, international administration, evidence-based policy making, performance management, staffing, accountability or digitalization, one finds short, concise contributions that clarify the political dimensions in these areas, which otherwise are often treated rather technocratically.

Sexuality, social organization, and health in a women's prison

In the United States, sexuality and sexual relationships were foundational concepts for understanding women's prisons that generally receded from carceral research as the nation's incarceration rates climbed. This study reevaluates classic themes of sexuality and women's prison informal organization using social network and health data collected in two Pennsylvania women's prison units (n = 118). Sampled women perceived a high prevalence of prison-based sexual relationships and overwhelmingly endorsed the rights of sexual minorities. Additionally, network analyses found that sexual minority women had similar friendships, social status, and self-reported health as their heterosexual peers across both units, suggesting an absence of sexual stigmatization or group segregation processes. However, older, longer-term incarcerated women were more likely than their peers to hold unfavorable views toward prison sex. This was particularly evident in a “good behavior” unit holding many older, long-term residents where overt sexual behaviors could jeopardize the unit's stability and privileges.

Segmenting tourists’ motivations via online reviews: An exploration of the service strategies for enhancing tourist satisfaction

Tourism motivation and satisfaction are classic themes in tourism research. This study combines latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) and the Censydiam motivation model to analyze online reviews of tourism in Qinghai, China. The aim of this research is to explore tourist motivation through online reviews and provide innovative service suggestions to improve tourist satisfaction. The LDA model initially extracts six main topics from online comments. Then, using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP), it maps the relationship between topics and tourism motivations to propose strategies for enhancing tourists' enjoyment, conviviality, and other motivating factors. Furthermore, we employ the Kano model to evaluate tourists' satisfaction levels regarding these strategies, demonstrating their positive evaluations. Hence, this study provides tourism industry professionals and service designers with an innovative method for understanding tourists' motivations through online reviews, enabling them to design specific services that enhance tourism experiences.

Re-exploring the rural/urban dichotomy: farm shops in urban settings

ABSTRACT The division between rural and urban values and practices is a classic theme in disciplines such as European ethnology. During the last decades, the urban/rural divide seem to be renegotiated. Traditional, small scale agriculture and food production encapsulates values on display at many dinner tables of the upper middle urban class. This has lead to new business opportunities for rural actors, of which some has tried to take the idea of the farm shop to the city. But what happens when the products enter new contexts? The material for the paper is observations and interviews with retailers in southern Sweden who have established “farm shops” in urban areas. The theoretical perspective is the life mode analysis developed in the 1970s to investigate its relevance for the 21st century in combination with the “good farmer” concept and heritagization. The article concludes that farm shops in urban settings may offer local and traditional food, but it is the offering of an emotional space in which to dwell and to decelerate, while, at the same time, being a potential place in which to counteract the distance between urban and rural life modes and values, that is the unique features of the settings.

Research Progress, Hot Spots, and Prospects of Internet Plus Specialty Fruits

Based on the 627 journal articles collected in CNKI database from 2011 to 2022, this paper analyzes the research progress, hotspots and hot topic evolution in the field of domestic Internet plus specialty fruits by using CiteSpace visualization software, and then puts forward the research outlook. The results show that: (1) In the field of Internet Plus Specialty Fruits, the number of articles published shows a general trend of "gradual increase in the early stage and relatively flat in the later stage", the cooperation of authors shows the characteristics of "local concentration", and the cooperation of institutions shows the characteristics of "global dispersion". (2) Fresh food e-commerce, Internet plus agriculture, industrial poverty alleviation are the three major research hotspots in the field of Internet Plus specialty fruits. (3) The research hotspots of Internet Plus specialty fruits present such stage characteristics: evolving from the classic themes of fresh e-commerce, e-commerce platform and Internet plus to the emerging themes related to rural e-commerce and rural revitalization. Therefore, in the future, we should strengthen the basic theoretical research in the field of Internet plus specialty fruits, pay more attention to the hot issues such as "Internet Plus" agriculture, and focus on the training of talents in the field of "Internet Plus".

Analysis of the Phenomenon and Causes of Stepmother Culture

Stepmother culture is a classic theme culture in the narrative of Eastern and Western ethnic groups. As a female image that differs from biological mothers, "stepmother" is often portrayed as a negative and malicious image in cultural narratives of different countries and regions. However, the "stepmother culture" in China or European and American countries did not initially portray stepmother as a domineering, malicious, or incompetent mother, but rather continuously adjusted the image of stepmother according to the cultural concepts, politics, or social needs of the country. For example, in the Han Dynasty of China, the concept of human relations and filial piety culture were advocated, and stepmother played an important role in maintaining the relationship between father and son in social production, life, and marriage structure, thus creating the stepmother culture The image of a stepmother is more positive, just like the image of an angel suffering and suffering. Starting from the perspectives of Eastern and Western stepmother cultural concepts and phenomena, this paper explores the reasons for the formation and development of different stepmother cultures, sorts out the evolution and development of stepmother cultures in the context of the present era, and demonstrates the unity and diversity of stepmother cultures in different countries.

Exhaustive Synthesis Framework of Coupled Resonator Microwave Bandpass Filters

The synthesis of coupled resonator bandpass filters has been a classic theme of research for the past half century. Continuous efforts have been paid to explore new coupling topologies. Needless to say, the ultimate goal for filter synthesis is to find all the viable coupling topologies and their real-valued circuit models. In this article, a rigorous and straightforward framework for exhaustive search of not only all the viable coupling topologies but also all their real coupling matrices for a given filtering function is presented. The proposition that provides sufficient and necessary condition for a viable coupling topology with finite real coupling matrices is proved. The uniqueness of the folded coupling matrix is also proved and is used to establish the simultaneous equations for a well-behaved numerical solution search process. The special cases of the proposition are discussed with illustrative examples. Demonstration examples, including a prototyped filter in a novel “grid” coupling topology, have shown that the framework can systematically find all the viable coupling topologies and their real-valued solutions numerically, through which many new useful coupling configurations can be found, including the “trapezoid” configuration that is highly suitable for a dual-mode realization for a symmetric/asymmetric filter response.

Rewriting Purushartha: Masculinity, Gendered Violence, and Patriarchal Control in Yashpal’s Jhutha Sach

This article investigates the implicit subtext of masculinity that undergirds Yashpal’s two-volume novel Jhutha Sach (The False Truth, 1958–1960), one of the most frequently sidestepped classics of Partition literature. It seeks to address the persistent scholarly amnesia that largely exists within the ever-expanding corpus of Partition Studies and which, more often than not, reveals an overwhelming preoccupation with questions relating to violence, memory, trauma, and testimony. While the usual suspects of Partition literature have been analysed and re-analysed over and over again, the most voluminous fictional account of the devastating tragedy has received scant critical attention. Yashpal’s novel both foregrounds a narrative of hurt, violence, and suffering as well as espouses discursive notions of survival, fortitude, and recuperation. The male characters are not only symbolically emasculated on various occasions but also strategically pitted against the more defiant, heroic, and resourceful female protagonists, enabling the novel to underscore a radical feminist aesthetics that seeks to move beyond the classical themes of Partition literature, such as bewilderment, disorientation, and vulnerability.

Policy change in socially embedded local policy processes in São Paulo, 1988–2020

ABSTRACT Policy transformation is a classic theme in policy analysis. Policy models have emphasized the role of actors, coalitions, leadership, and ideas in agenda-setting, the circulation of policy frameworks and solutions, and different mechanisms of gradual institutional change that accumulate in policy trajectories. We sustain that oscillating and incremental policy trajectories also produce policy change during policy implementation, triggered by political competition and partisan politics, the embeddedness of policy communities, and multilevel effects. This theorizing is built from the recent trajectories of social assistance and housing policies in São Paulo. Both trajectories followed incremental processes of expansion and diversification, although with sectoral specificities. These cases show that cumulative positive public policy change may happen even in the face of institutional conditions that the literature considers far from ideal – an extremely fragmented party system, decentralized federalism, and weak bureaucracies and state capacities. Competitive partisan politics reinforced the creation and reanimation of policy innovations under multilevel regulation. Networks of bureaucrats and civil society activists within the relevant policy communities enabled policy replication and reanimation by entering and exiting local administrations depending on their ideological colors.

Archipelagic Thought and Decoloniality. Thinking with Édouard Glissant

This article relates four concepts present in the thought of Édouard Glissant (poetics, optionality, exteriority, and unlearning) to show that they are also present in different authors of decolonial theory. These concepts lead us out of the framework of modern hypercriticism and allow us to enter into a philosophy of relation that opens up new possibilities for intercultural encounters. Through the constant recourse to the contrast between Glissant and the decolonial school, the text goes through its classic themes, such as the coloniality of power, knowledge and being, and decolonial pedagogy and feminism.

Structural and temporal dynamics analysis on drug-eluting stents: History, research hotspots and emerging trends.

This review aims to explore the history, research hotspots, and emerging trends of drug-eluting stents(DES)in the last two decades from the perspective of structural and temporal dynamics. Publications on DES were retrieved from WoSCC. The bibliometric tools including CiteSpace and HistCite were used to identify the historical features, the evolution of active topics, and emerging trends on the DES field. In the last 20 years, the field of DES is still in the hot phase and there is a wide range of extensive scientific collaborations. In addition, active topics emerge in different periods, as evidenced by a total of 41 disciplines, 511 keywords, and 1377 papers with citation bursts. Keyword clustering anchored five emerging research subfields, namely #0 dual antiplatelet therapy, #3 drug-coated balloon, #4 bifurcation, 5# rotational atherectomy, and 6# quantitative flow ratio. The keyword alluvial map shows that the most persistent research concepts in this field are thrombosis, restenosis, etc., and the emerging keywords are paclitaxel eluting balloon, coated balloon, drug-eluting balloon, etc. There are 7 recent research subfields anchored by reference clustering, namely #2 dual antiplatelet therapy, #4 drug-coated balloon, #5 peripheral artery disease, #8 fractional flow reserve, #10 bioresorbable vascular scaffold, # 13 intravascular ultrasound, #14 biodegradable polymer. The findings based on the bibliometric studies provide the current status and trends in DES research and may help researchers to identify hot topics and explore new research directions in this field.

Stages of Hope

Stages of Hope