Classical Mesh Research Articles

Sensitivity study of resolution and convergence requirements for the extended overlap region in wall-bounded turbulence

Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) are among the most powerful tools for studying turbulent flows. Even though the achievable Reynolds numbers are lower than those obtained through experimental means, DNS offers a clear advantage: The entire velocity field is known, allowing for the evaluation of any desired quantity. This capability includes the computation of derivatives of all relevant terms. One such derivative provides the indicator function, which is the product of the wall distance and the wall-normal derivative of the mean streamwise velocity. This derivative may depend on mesh spacing and distribution, but it is extremely affected by the convergence of the simulation. The indicator function is crucial for understanding inner and outer interactions in wall-bounded flows and describing the overlap region between them. We find a clear dependence of this indicator function on the mesh distributions we examine, raising questions about classical mesh and convergence requirements for DNS and achievable accuracy. Within the framework of the logarithmic plus linear overlap region, coupled with a parametric study of channel flows and some pipe flows, sensitivities of extracted overlap parameters are examined. This study reveals a path to establishing their high-Reτ or nearly asymptotic values at modest Reynolds numbers, but larger than the ones used in this work, accessible by high-quality DNS with reasonable cost. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Development and application of a mesh generator intended for unsteady vortex-lattice method simulations of wind turbines and wind farms

Abstract. In the last decades, the unsteady vortex-lattice method (UVLM) has gained a lot of acceptance to study large onshore–offshore wind turbines (WTs). Furthermore, and due to the development of more powerful computers, parallelization strategies, and algorithms like the fast multipole method, it is possible to use vortex-based methods to analyze and simulate wind farms (WFs). However, UVLM-based solvers require structured meshes, which are generally very tedious to build using classical mesh generators, such as those utilized in the context of finite element methods (FEMs). Wind farm meshing is further complicated by the large number of design parameters associated with the wind turbine (coning angle, tilt angle, blade shape, etc.), farm layout, modeling of the terrain topography (for onshore WFs), and modeling of the sea level surface (for offshore WFs), which makes the use of FEM-oriented meshing tools almost inapplicable. In the literature there is a total absence of meshing tools when it comes to building aerodynamic grids of WTs and WFs to be used along with UVLM-based solvers. Therefore, in this work, we present a detailed description of the geometric modeling and computational implementation of an interactive UVLM-oriented mesh generator, named UVLMeshGen, developed entirely in MATLAB® and easily adaptable to GNU OCTAVE, for wind turbines and onshore–offshore wind farms. The meshing tool developed here consists of (i) a geometric processor in charge of designing and discretizing an entire wind farm and (ii) an independent module in charge of computing the kinematics for the entire WF. The output data provided by the UVLMeshGen consist of nodal coordinates and connectivity arrays, making it especially attractive and useful to be used by other flow potential solvers using vortices, sources and sinks, or dipoles/doublets, among others. The work is completed by providing a series of aerodynamic results related to WTs and WFs to show the capabilities of the mesh generator, without going into detailed discussions of wind turbine aerodynamics, which are not the focus of this paper. The meshing tool developed here is freely available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (Roccia, 2023).

Robust numerical integration of embedded solids described in boundary representation

Embedded and immersed methods have become essential tools in computational mechanics, as they allow discretizing arbitrarily complex geometries without the need for boundary-fitted meshes. One of their main challenges is the accurate numerical integration of cut elements. Among the various integration schemes developed for this purpose, moment fitting has proven to be a powerful technique that provides highly efficient and accurate integration rules.This publication presents a framework for the robust and efficient numerical integration of embedded solids described by oriented boundary meshes using moment fitting. The developments include an intersection algorithm that aims to drastically accelerate the computation of the necessary moments while achieving high accuracy. A closed surface parameterization of each cut domain is computed to facilitate the direct application of the divergence theorem. The algorithm is subject to a single quality criterion that guarantees the accurate evaluation of boundary integrals. At the same time, it allows to disregard classical mesh criteria, such as high aspect ratios, strongly varying angles, etc., resulting in extremely fast runtimes. In addition, an existing robust flood fill-based element classification scheme is further developed to initiate filling from arbitrary seed elements and to enable parallel execution, increasing its flexibility and efficiency.The successful application of all proposed algorithms to 4948 valid and flawed STLs from the Thingi10K database (Zhou and Jacobson, 2016) demonstrates their extraordinary robustness. In all cases, the wall-clock time scales at most linearly with the number of elements in the background mesh. We show that higher-order quadrature rules on the boundary elements enable efficient computation of the moments via the divergence theorem with near-machine precision. Finally, the presented methodologies are used to perform direct FE analyses on clean and flawed B-Rep models. All proposed algorithms are publicly available in the open-source C++ framework QuESo – Quadrature for Embedded Solids (https://github.com/manuelmessmer/QuESo), where the moment fitting equations are assembled and solved.

Intelligent mesh generation for crack simulation using graph neural networks

Mesh generation for crack simulation is often the rate-limiting step because of the rapid variations in crack shape. The classical meshing paradigm, place-nodes-and-link, relies on predefined rules and fails to generalize various crack shapes. We proposed a graph neural networks-based method for recovering the missing connection information in the crack meshes. The constrained Delaunay triangulation method created a representative training mesh dataset with different crack shapes. Comprehensive and systematic analyses compare the effectiveness and efficiency of five state-of-art GNNs under different graph representations. Our study shows that the trained GraphSAGE outperforms the state-of-art GNNs on the triangular meshing task efficiently and reveals GNNs' potential to restore the missing information between adjacency vertices or edges. This work pioneers the application of GNNs for intelligent mesh generation and paves the way for complex crack simulation.

Design and Analysis of Internal–External Composite Meshing Hy-Vo Chain

The internal–external composite meshing mechanism should be the best way to improve the transmission performance of a silent chain drive, but there is no internal–external composite meshing Hy-Vo chain under the classical design approach. In this research, by building the Hy-Vo chain meshing system, the difference between the meshing of the chain–sprocket and the meshing of the rack–gear is deeply analyzed. By rigidifying the external meshing Hy-Vo chain as a rack, the fluctuation range of the pitch line of the external meshing Hy-Vo chain is analyzed. Based on the relations between the actual chain pitch line and the rigid chain pitch line, the design method for the internal meshing profile of the internal–external composite meshing Hy-Vo chain is deduced, the necessary conditions are obtained, and the meshing characteristics are analyzed. By conducting comparative multi-body dynamics experiments, the results prove that the design method of the internal–external composite meshing Hy-Vo chain proposed in this study is effective and feasible. The results also show that the description of the internal–external composite meshing in the classical meshing theory is not completely correct. In fact, the internal–external composite meshing mechanism cannot reduce the meshing impact of the Hy-Vo chain system and can only improve the system polygon action, the meshing performance, and the transmission stability.

A Prospective Comparative Study of 3-Stitch Mesh Hernioplasty with Conventional Lichtenstein Repair.

Hernioplasty, in which a mesh is used to strengthen a weakness or defect in the inguinal wall, has replaced simple tissue repair. As it is associated with low recurrence, it is considered the gold standard and is one of the most common general surgical procedures. The ideal repair should be rapid, safe and simple to do, requires minimal dissection to create sufficient space, be cost-effective and be accompanied by a brief hospital stay, reduced pain, and fewer recurrences. The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of 3-stitch mesh fixation with that of traditional Lichtenstein mesh fixation of inguinal hernia repair. Between July 2018 and December 2019, 59 cases of primary, uncomplicated inguinal hernias were surgically treated. Both the classical Lichtenstein technique (group A, n = 30) and the Lichtenstein technique with the three-stitch fixation method (group B, n = 29) were used on patients with inguinal hernias. Between the two groups, the mean operative times, post-surgical pain scores, average hospital stays and postoperative complications including recurrence rates were compared. With a P-value of 0.001, the 3-point fixation group (group B) took 3.41 ± 0.58 min less time to fix the mesh than the Lichtenstein group (group A, 5.52 ± 0.59 min). The pain after surgery was much less for participants who had 3-point mesh fixation than for those who had conventional mesh fixation in the early (1, 3, 7 and 15 days after surgery) and late (1 month and 3 months) postoperative periods, with a P-value of 0.0001. When compared to the classical mesh fixation group, the 3-point mesh fixation group had less urinary retention, seroma and swelling. Both groups had the same number of other complications. The three-point hernioplasty is a simple procedure that is easier to adopt, less time-consuming, causes less trauma and has a lower risk of postoperative discomfort including chronic groin pain.

A dynamic model combining the average and the local meshing stiffnesses and based on the static transmission error for spur gears with profile modification

A dynamic model that evaluates the working condition of general spur gears based on a two-phase approach is presented. A finite element model is preliminary developed to obtain the static transmission error for several angular configurations at different nominal torques. Subsequently, a lumped parameter model is used to evaluate the dynamic behavior of the transmission. An analytical mesh-force formulation is proposed based on polynomial interpolations of the finite element results to accurately model the contact forces and meshing stiffness during the engagement. Two damping models are implemented to obtain a reasonable estimation of the response peaks in resonance conditions. The stability of the main resonance peaks is examined using Poincaré maps. The results are compared with those obtainable using the commonly employed models based either on the average or the local meshing stiffness, highlighting the limitations of these approaches. The proposed formulation combines classical mesh stiffness definitions, thereby achieving a more accurate and efficient mesh-force model.

Efficient partitioning of conforming virtual element discretizations for large scale discrete fracture network flow parallel solvers

Discrete Fracture Network models are largely used for large scale geological flow simulations in fractured media. For these complex simulations, it is worth investigating suitable numerical methods and tools for efficient parallel solutions on High Performance Computing systems. In this paper we propose and compare different partitioning strategies, that result to be highly efficient and scalable, overperforming the classical mesh partitioning approach used to balance the workload of a conforming mesh among several processes. The proposed DFN-based partitioning strategies rely on the distribution of the fractures among parallel processes. The computational cost of the DFN-based partitionings is very small compared to the cost of classical mesh partitioning and the numerical results prove their effectiveness and good performances in solving linear systems for realistic DFN flow simulations.

Reconstruction of tubular structures from 2.5D point clouds: A mesophotic gorgonian coral case study

A method for the surface reconstruction of 3D tubular branched structures characterized by low informative point clouds (i.e., 2.5D) is proposed. These specific clouds can arise when using photogrammetry techniques on complex subjects in challenging scanning environments (e.g., underwater gorgonian coral at mesophotic depths). The core idea behind the proposed Sphere Skeleton Approach (SSA) is to approximate the assumed tubular shapes via merged spheres having variable radii and centered in the points of the medial skeleton. To assess the generality and robustness of the proposed SSA, additional experiments have been conducted on 2.5D point clouds that were synthetically generated from 3D model benchmarks. Hausdorff distances between the target and the reconstructed 3D models are used to quantitatively compare the SSA performances to a classical meshing algorithm. Early results highlight the capability to outperform existing approaches in reconstructing objects from 2.5D clouds.

On the implementation of flux limiters in algebraic frameworks

The use of flux limiters is widespread within the scientific computing community to capture shock discontinuities and are of paramount importance for the temporal integration of high-speed aerodynamics, multiphase flows and hyperbolic equations in general.Meanwhile, the breakthrough of new computing architectures and the hybridization of supercomputer systems pose a huge portability challenge, particularly for legacy codes, since the computing subroutines that form the algorithms, the so-called kernels, must be adapted to various complex parallel programming paradigms. From this perspective, the development of innovative implementations relying on a minimalist set of kernels simplifies the deployment of scientific computing software on state-of-the-art supercomputers, while it requires the reformulation of algorithms, such as the aforementioned flux limiters.Equipped with basic algebraic topology and graph theory underlying the classical mesh concept, a new flux limiter formulation is presented based on the adoption of algebraic data structures and kernels. As a result, traditional flux limiters are cast into a stream of only two types of computing kernels: sparse matrix-vector multiplication and generalized pointwise binary operators. The newly proposed formulation eases the deployment of such a numerical technique in massively parallel, potentially hybrid, computing systems and is demonstrated for a canonical advection problem.

An automatic isotropic/anisotropic hybrid grid generation technique for viscous flow simulations based on an artificial neural network

Based on the author's previous research, a novel hybrid grid generation technique is developed by introducing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach for realistic viscous flow simulations. An initial hybrid grid over a typical geometry with anisotropic quadrilaterals in the boundary layer and isotropic triangles in the off-body region is generated by the classical mesh generation method to train two ANNs on how to predict the advancing direction of the new point and to control the grid size. After inputting the initial discretized fronts, the ANN-based Advancing Layer Method (ALM) is adopted to generate the anisotropic quadrilaterals in boundary layers. When the high aspect ratio of the anisotropic grid reaches a specified value, the ANN-based Advancing Front Method (AFM) is adopted to generate isotropic triangles in the off-body computational domain. The initial isotropic triangles are smoothed to further improve the grid quality. Three typical cases are tested and compared with experimental data to validate the effectiveness of grids generated by the ANN-based hybrid grid generation method. The experimental results show that the two ANNs can predict the advancing direction and the grid size very well, and improve the adaptability of the isotropic/anisotropic hybrid grid generation for viscous flow simulations.

Computational study on an Ahmed Body equipped with simplified underbody diffuser

The Ahmed body is one of the most studied 3D automotive bluff bodies and the variation of its slant angle of the rear upper surface generates different flow behaviours, similar to a standard road vehicles. In this study we extend the geometrical variation to evaluate the influence of a rear underbody diffuser which are commonly applied in high performance and race cars to improve downforce. Parametric studies are performed on the rear diffuser angle of two baseline configurations of the Ahmed body: the first with a 0° upper slant angle and the second with a 25° slant angle. We employ a high-fidelity CFD simulation based on the spectral/hp element discretisation that combines classical mesh refinement with polynomial expansions in order to achieve both geometrical refinement and better accuracy. The diffuser length was fixed to the same length of 222 ​mm similar to the top slant angle that have previously been studies. The diffuser angle was changed from 0° to 50° in increments of 10° with an additional case considering the angle of 5°. The proposed methodology was validated on the classical Ahmed body considering 25° slant angle, found a difference for drag and lift coefficients of 13% and 1%, respectively. For the case of an 0° slant angle on the upper surface the peak values for drag and negative lift (downforce) coefficient were achieved with a 30° diffuser angle, where the flow is fully attached with two streamwise vortical structures, analogous to results obtained from [1] but with the body flipped upside down. For diffuser angles above 30°, flow is fully separated from the diffuser. The Ahmed body with 25° slant angle and a diffuser achieves a peak value for downforce at a 20° diffuser angle, where the flow on the diffuser has two streamwise vortices combined with some flow separation. The peak drag value for this case is at 30° diffuser angle, where the flow becomes fully separated.

ЛАПАРОСКОПІЧНА АЛОПЛАСТИКА ГРИЖ БІЛОЇ ЛІНІЇ ЖИВОТА ПОЄДНАНИХ З ДІАСТАЗОМ ПРЯМИХ М’ЯЗІВ ЖИВОТА ПРИ ВИКОРИСТАННІ ПОЛІПРОПІЛЕНОВОЇ СІТКИ МОДИФІКОВАНОЇ ВУГЛЕЦЕВИМИ НАНОТРУБКАМИ ТА АНТИСЕПТИКОМ

Aim. To improve the results of surgical treatment of umbilical hernias nanomodified polypropylene mesh.Materials and methods. The analysis of laparoscopic operacione treatment of 126 patients with HAL with DRA of has been performed. Depending on the type of mesh used during surgical treatment, patients were divided into 2 groups.Results and discussion. Statistically significant results were obtained in patients of Group I compared to Group II.Conclusions. Laparoscopic operacione treatment of HAL with DRA using nanomodified polypropylene mesh antiseptic the use of the classical polypropylene mesh, namely, reducing the freguency postoperative wound complications.

Curved Buildings Reconstruction From Airborne LiDAR Data by Matching and Deforming Geometric Primitives

Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data is widely applied in building reconstruction, with studies reporting success in typical buildings. However, the reconstruction of curved buildings remains an open research problem. To this end, we propose a new framework for curved building reconstruction via assembling and deforming geometric primitives. The input LiDAR point cloud are first converted into contours where individual buildings are identified. After recognizing geometric units (primitives) from building contours, we get initial models by matching basic geometric primitives to these primitives. To polish assembly models, we employ a warping field for model refinements. Specifically, an embedded deformation (ED) graph is constructed via downsampling the initial model. Then, the point-to-model displacements are minimized by adjusting node parameters in the ED graph based on our objective function. The presented framework is validated on several highly curved buildings collected by various LiDAR in different cities. The experimental results, as well as accuracy comparison, demonstrate the advantage and effectiveness of our method. {The new insight attributes to an efficient reconstruction manner.} Moreover, we prove that the primitive-based framework significantly reduces the data storage to 10-20 percent of classical mesh models.

Mesh simplification algorithm based on edge curvature metrics and local optimization

Aiming at the problem that the mesh simplification algorithm loses the geometric features of the model in large-scale simplification, an improved half-edge collapse mesh simplification algorithm is proposed. The concept of approximate measurement of edge curvature is introduced, and the edge curvature is added to the error measure, so that the order of half-edge collapse of the mesh is changed, and the simplified details of the mesh model can be preserved accurately. At the same time, by analyzing the quality of simplified triangular mesh, optimizing triangular mesh locally, reducing the amount of narrow triangles, the quality of the simplified model is improved. The proposed algorithm was tested on Cow model, Car model and Bunny model, and compared with another three algorithms, one of them is a classical mesh simplification algorithm based on edge collapse, the other is an improved algorithm of the classical one. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm can better retain the detail features of the original model at the same reduction ratio, and has reasonable mesh allocation, fast execution speed and small error.

Boundary-conforming finite element methods for twin-screw extruders using spline-based parameterization techniques

This paper presents a novel spline-based meshing technique that allows for usage of boundary-conforming meshes for unsteady flow and temperature simulations in co-rotating twin-screw extruders. Spline-based descriptions of arbitrary screw geometries are generated using Elliptic Grid Generation. They are evaluated in a number of discrete points to yield a coarse classical mesh. The use of a special control mapping allows to fine-tune properties of the coarse mesh like orthogonality at the boundaries. The coarse mesh is used as a ‘scaffolding’ to generate a boundary-conforming mesh out of a fine background mesh at run-time. Storing only a coarse mesh makes the method cheap in terms of memory storage. Additionally, the adaptation at run-time is extremely cheap compared to computing the flow solution. Furthermore, this method circumvents the need for expensive re-meshing and projections of solutions making it efficient and accurate. It is incorporated into a space–time finite element framework. We present time-dependent test cases of non-Newtonian fluids in 2D and 3D for complex screw designs. They demonstrate the potential of the method also for arbitrarily complex industrial applications.

The effect of representative bird model and its impact direction on crashworthiness of aircraft windshield and canopy structure

A physically representative bird modeling approach is presented to highlight its significance over traditional substitute bird modeling. To give better representation of a real bird, in this study, the bird was modeled as a fluid body while impacting the rigid and deformable structures. For this, an elastic plastic hydrodynamic material model in conjunction with polynomial equation of state is utilized to model the bird behavior. In addition, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH)-based meshless technique was implemented to build real bird model instead of using finite element-based classical mesh technique in order to avoid mesh connectivity and tangling problems. The numerical scheme was validated by comparing the deformation and pressure profile of the impact on rigid and deformable targets with the available experimental data. The results showed that the physically representative bird impacting the rigid and deformable target give correct values of pressure peak than that of substitute bird. The study also revealed that, the bird impacting the target from bottom direction resulted higher magnitude of pressure shock than head, tail or wing direction. In addition, the instantaneous peak impulse during bottom side impact is more detrimental to impacting structure than other impact directions. Finally, after quantifying the effect of bird impact directions, the work was further extended to establish a full-scale numerical model of a military aircraft windshield–canopy structure to determine its dynamic response against similar impact scenarios. The results showed that the bird impacting from bottom side requires relatively less velocity to initiate failure in the windshield than other impact directions. Thus, the bird impacting from its bottom side was recognized as the most dangerous impact condition for structural integrity of windshield.

Aloplasty of oncisional ventral hernias of using nanomodified polypropilene mesh

Aloplasty of incisional ventral hernia (IVH), method of placement and fixation nanomodified polypropylene mesh retro muscular, buth this is accompanied by a fairly high freguency of postoperative complications from the postoperative wound. In our view, the use of a nanomodified polypropylene mesh modified by carbon nanotubes and an antiseptic of polyhexamethlene guanidme chloride in combination with the method of placement and fixation retro muscular the results of operative treatment of IVH. Aim – to improve the results of operative treatment of incisional ventral hernias in combination with the method of placement and fixation retro muscular nanomodified polypropylene mesh. Materials and methods. The analysis of operative treatment of 148 patients with IVH of has been performed. Depending on the type of mesh used during surgical treatment, patients were divided into 2 groups. In 74 (50%) of Group I patients, method of placement and fixation nanomodified polypropylene mesh retro muscular. In the 2nd group, 74 (50%) patients method of placement and fixation retro muscular of a classic polypropylene mesh. Results and discussion. Statistically significant results were obtained in patients of Group I compared to Group II: seroma was in 24 (32.4±1.2%) in Group II compared to 5 (6.8±0.5%) in Group I (p<0.05), respectively, the suppuration of the postoperative wound – 7 (9.5±0.5%) to 1 (1.4±0.2%) (p<0.05). The terms of stay of patients of group II on inpatient treatment – 12,1±2,3 days group II – 7,1±1,1 days. Long-term results: ligature fistulas of the anterior abdominal wall were detected in 5 (7.7±0.5%) patients of group II, in patients of group I of the ligature fistulas were not detected (p<0.05), meshoma – in 3 (4.6±0.3%) of patients in group II, in group I there was no stir (p>0.05). Chronic pain in the abdominal wall in 6 – 8 months after surgery was observed in 5 (7.7±0.6)% patients in group II and in 1 (1.5±0.2%) group I (p>0.05), recurrences of hernia were found in 6 (9.2±0.6%) patients of group II, in group I – in 1 (1.5±0.2)% (p<0.05). Conclusion. Operative treatment of IVH method of placement and fixation nanomodified polypropylene mesh retro muscular is more effective compared with the use of the classical polypropylene mesh, namely, reducing the freguency of seroma from 32.4±1.2% in the II group of patients to 6.8±0.5% in group I, respectively, suppurations of postoperative wounds – from 9.5±0.5% to 1.4±0.2%, inflammatory infiltrates – from 12.2±0.6% to 1.4±0.2%, ligaturial fistulas of the anterior abdominal wall – from 7.7±0.5% to 0%, meshoma – from 4.6±0.3% to 0%, chronic postoperative pain – from 7.7±0.6% to 1.5±0.2%, recurrence of hernia–from 9.2±0.6% to 1.5±0.2%.

Research on High-Impedance Fault Diagnosis and Location Method for Mesh Topology Constant Current Remote Power Supply System in Cabled Underwater Information Networks

Cabled underwater information networks (CUINs) have evolved over the last decade to provide abundant power and broad bandwidth communication to enable marine science. To ensure reliable operation of the CUINs, the technology for high-impedance fault diagnosis and isolation with high reliability and accuracy is essential. In this paper, we review diagnosis and location methods as applied to a constant voltage ring and the tree topology network. A high-impedance fault diagnosis method based on the variation of the sampling voltage in the primary nodes (PNs) for a constant current remote power supply system is proposed. The methods for analyzing the fault voltage with using power monitoring and control system (PMACS) and communications monitoring, control system (CMACS), and hybrid detection with alternating current and direct current are used for research the high-impedance fault location based on the designed fault isolation circuit. In particular, a verification scheme for high-impedance fault location is designed for the CUINs based on the classical mesh topology. Furthermore, high-impedance faults of nodes and submarine cable sections in the trunk cable are simulated, and the variations of leakage voltage are analyzed. By researching the change of leakage voltage before and after the fault occurs, the feasibility and practicability of the diagnosis and location scheme are verified.

Spline-Based Parameterization Techniques for Twin-Screw Machine Geometries

The fully automated generation of computational meshes for twin-screw machine geometries constitutes a mandatory aspect for the numerical simulation (and shape-optimization) of these devices but proves to be a challenging task in practice. Therefore, the successful generation of computational meshes requires sophisticated mathematical tools. Commercially available classical mesh generators can produce high quality meshes from no more than a description of the rotor contours. However, since we are particularly interested in numerical simulations using the principles of Isogeometric Analysis, a spline-based geometry description rather than a classical mesh is needed.In this paper, we propose a practical approach for the automated generation of spline-based twin-screw machine geometry parameterizations in two dimensions. For this purpose, we adopt the principles of Elliptic Grid Generation and present a parameterization algorithm that is compatible with an automated simulation pipeline based on the principles of isogeometric analysis.To demonstrate the proposed techniques, we apply them to an example geometry and present the resulting parameterizations. Finally, we give a qualitative explanation of how the discussed techniques can be utilized to generate geometry parameterizations in three dimensions and their applications to shape-optimization on a variable rotor-pitch.