Classical Period Of Islam Research Articles

Is Islam the Cause of Muslim Women's Subordination? A Historical Study of Gender in The Old Age and The Classical Islamic Period 7th Century

This article critically examines the historical context of gender equality in Islam, seeking to dispel the misconception that women are considered inferior to men within the Islamic framework. Utilizing historical approaches, the discussion unfolds in three key segments. First, it delves into the position of women in pre-Islamic societies, encompassing the Greek, Christian, Jewish, and Arabian periods. Subsequently, it explores the status of women following the advent of Islam, focusing on the Prophet Muhammad's era, particularly during the 7th century. Furthermore, the article presents notable female figures from Islamic history as exemplars of gender inclusivity within Islam. The conclusion posits that Islam, rather than being inherently discriminatory, has been misrepresented due to the perpetuation of patriarchal cultural norms. This study offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between religious teachings and socio-cultural dynamics that shape perceptions of gender within Islamic societies.

Philosophy of Al-Farabi In Developing A Digital Music Notation Training Model for High School Art and Culture Teachers Based on CSCL

This article explores the philosophical aspects of Al-Farabi in the development of a music art training model, aimed at assisting high school Art and Culture teachers in understanding and teaching digital music notation. Al-Farabi, a great philosopher from the Classical Islamic period, offers valuable insights into education and learning, which are applicable in the context of music art teaching. The article elucidates how Al-Farabi's views, particularly on ethics, morality, and happiness, can be integrated into a training model based on Computer Support Collaborative Learning (CSCL) to enrich the art teachers' learning experience. Furthermore, it provides an overview of how digital music notation can be implemented in high school cultural arts education and why this approach is relevant in the rapidly evolving context of music education. This article is expected to serve as a guide for developing a holistic and philosophical training model in music art education, focusing on understanding digital music notation and applying Al-Farabi's philosophical principles in the learning process. Additionally, this research highlights the importance of integrating technology in art education, demonstrating how digital approaches can broaden the horizons of music art learning. Moreover, the article seeks to prove how teaching methods inspired by Al-Farabi's thoughts can enhance students' creativity and conceptual understanding in music art.

TRACING PERSIAN INFLUENCES: EXPLORING THE MEANING OF MOSQUES AND MAUSOLEUMS IN SOUTH SULAWESI AS ICONIC ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

This study explores the meaning of Mosques and Mausoleums in South Sulawesi as Islamic architecture influenced by Persian civilization. Previous research on the shape of the mausoleum scattered in South Sulawesi indicated the justification of Persian civilization. The research used a rationalistic paradigm with qualitative methods. The study's results explained that the meaning of mosques and mausoleums indicated the development of the spread of Islam in South Sulawesi. The old mosque has concluded as an iconic Islamic architecture in the category of Islamic heritage buildings. The Old Jami Mosque in Palopo, the al-Hilal Mosque of Katangka Gowa, and the old al-Mujahidin Mosque in Bone represent the three old mosques. The syntactic relations of the three regions were compiled in a historical relationship as the three great kingdoms in the classical period of Islam in South Sulawesi. The similarity aspect is shown by the alignment of the shape of the mosque with the architectural forms of the archipelago's mosques through the shape of the roof and its layers—shapes from nature such as leaves, mean fertility. The creativity of carving on the mihrab shows public awareness to present the mosque's beauty through calligraphy.

The Role of Waqf In The Classic Islamic Education Period

Waqf is said to be a virtue, because waqf is the surrender of property for social purposes, the purpose of which is not solely to get closer (taqarrub) to Allah SWT in order to get a reward from Him, but this waqf donation is worth continuous. This study aims to determine the role of waqf during the classical Islamic education period. This type of research is library research. The results of this study are : education during the heyday of classical Islam was not due to very large financial support from the government but due to the large participation of the community in supporting the development of science, especially in terms of funding, which was manifested in the form of endowments. If the cost of education can be covered by funds raised from waqf then Islamic education will be better in the future, therefore waqf must be managed professionally in the framework of advancing Islamic education in the future. Waqf as a financial supporter of the implementation of classical Islamic education, places a large role of waqf which functions as a financial support, to the implementation of education during the classical Islamic period, there is a very clear relationship. The needs in the world of education at that time were fulfilled properly by waqf

THE EPISTEMOLOGY OF ISLAMIC PHILOSOPHY: A Chronological Review

This article describes the various forms of Islamic philosophy because some scholars claim that philosophical thought in Islam has declined after Ghazâlî's criticism. This library research uses qualitative method and historical approach, and focuses on examining the distinctive characteristics of each school of Islamic philosophical thought by emphasizing its epistemological aspects. This article shows that philosophy in Islamic world is very dynamic and not in a single character. In each period, the Islamic philosophy reveals a variety of patterns. To facilitate the discussion, this article is elaborated on a series of times and examines the distinctive patterns of epistemology that developed in each epoch. Although ontologically they are similar, there are epistemic differences in the philosophy developed by Muslim philosophers: Peripateticism, which dominated during the classical Islamic period (850-1250); 'Irfânâyah and two schools of wisdom (al-h}ikmah al-ishraqîyah/illumination theosophy and al-h}ikmah al-muta'âlîyah/transcendent theosophy), which dominated in the medieval Islamic period (1250-1850); and the school of al-h}ikmat al-ladunîyah/perennialist theosophy and al-'aqalîyah in the contemporary Islamic period (1850-present). This diversity emerged as a response to different challenges and adaptations to local situations.

ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION, PERIODIZATION, AND DEVELOPMENT IN INDONESIA AND SPAIN AND THEIR EFFECT ON WESTERN CIVILIZATION: A HISTORICAL REVIEW

This study aims to depict the Islam’s history of development and Islamic civilization from its propagation to the present. The descriptive qualitative research approach utilized in developing this study intends to describe the development and civilization of Islam. A literature review collects data from numerous sources such as books, journals, papers, articles, and electronic media such as the Internet. The writer also employs qualitative data analysis and the deductive writing style in this study. The findings show that some of the basics of Islamic civilization proposed by Prophet Muhammad that can be known; mosque building, forming the ukhuwah islamiyah, and building relationships between non-Muslims. Therefore, during this civilization, one of the famous scholars, Nourouzabad ash-Shiddiqi, states that the periods are committed to two periodizations; the classical period of Islam (650-1250), a period of Islamic progress, and a time of disintegration modern period of Islam (1800-today) is marked by the rise of Islam in politics, military, social, and cultural spheres and the revival of philosophical thinking among some of the Arab scientists.

The Role of Eloquence in the Inimitability of the Qur’an

ABSTRACT: Linguistic eloquence has been considered a key factor by Qur’anic scientists in the discussion surrounding the inimitability of the Qur’an. After examining the general concept of inimitability, this paper surveys the pre-Islamic milieu in which the Qur’an was revealed, and then examines the development of the doctrine of inimitability in the classical Islamic period. The analysis will refresh our understanding of this crucial feature of the Qur’an, showing that its inimitability is not limited to literary excellence, but also intimately connected to the Qur’anic message. Using this new understanding, the article will then examine some traditions in Uṣūl al-Kāfī concerning the excellence of the Qur’an, showing that eloquence, as a factor encompassing depth of inner meaning and linguistic style, was referred to by the Prophet Muhammad.

Transmisi Keilmuan Kitab Fathul Qarib di Pesantren Yapink dan Attaqwa Bekasi

Fathul Qorib is the main reference for Islamic law studies in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools (Pesantren) because this book has a historical scientific heritage from the classical period of Islam. Indonesian Pesantrens have different characteristics in reading and learning Fathul Qorib based on conditions that develop and occur in the surrounding area. This paper uses the observation method by observing and interviewing students, ustadz/teachers, and kiai to trace patterns of knowledge transmission. The object of this research is Pesantren YAPINK and Attaqwa located in Bekasi district with two different types of Pesantren in terms of religious ideological background and the early history of the establishment of the Islamic boarding school. From the results of the research conducted, the reading of Fathul Qorib at the Pesantren YAPINK and Attaqwa has similarities and differences. The transmission of knowledge at YAPINK comes from internal and external sources because the teachers of the Fathul Qorib are graduated of YAPINK and other Pesantren such as Ploso Kediri and Sarang, while Attaqwa comes from internal-only because all Fathul Qorib teachers are from Attaqwa graduated.

Peran Green Library dan Perpustakaan Islam dalam Pengembangan Ilmu Pengetahuan

Human civilization is characterized by the existence of a writing culture, since the discovery of human letters began to write starting from writing using stones, leaves, palm stems and other writing lats that existed at that time. From these writings which are then stored in the library which becomes a legacy for future generations. During the classical Islamic period, libraries experienced very rapid development, starting from the many libraries that were built magnificently and equipped with adequate facilities. During the classical Islamic era there were several types of libraries, one of which was the public library. The public library itself was built to be shown to the general public around the library. Islamic libraries are very closely related to science, so libraries have an important role in the development of science, such as; as an information center or learning center, as a research center, and as a translation center. Green Library also acts as an environmentally friendly library (cool, fresh, beautiful, beautiful) which is far from damaging the environment so that learning and working activities become more comfortable and enthusiastic.

Islamic Education Institutions with Sufism Characteristics in Classic Times (Ribath, Zawiyah, and Khanqah)

The heyday of Islam was when Islamic education developed rapidly, marked by the development of Islamic educational institutions and traditional schools and universities in various Islamic cultural centers. Educational institutions greatly influence and shape the pattern of life and culture of Muslims. Islamic educational institutions with a Sufism design have become part of the ongoing process of the history of educational thought in the classical period of Islam. Therefore, this discussion will focus on tracing the development of ribath, zawiyah, and khanqah institutions, starting from the curriculum, methods, and their contribution to Islamic intellectual progress in general. The purpose of this study is to present a tracing of the development of Islamic educational institutions with a Sufism nuance because the institutions have contributed to the intellectual progress of Islam and are reflected in the history of human socio-cultural development on earth. This research is a literature study using literature from various sources. The survey results show that Sufism institutions (Ribath, Zawiyah, and Khanqah) contribute to the growth of Islamic educational institutions in restoring spiritual purity and inner peace in Sufi teachings. Its teachings include curriculum, and methods that promote a spiritual closeness to Allah Swt, formalize Sufism as a separate scientific subject, increase social power through the organization, revive Sufi traditions, and serve as a distinct way of understanding and practicing Islam.

Revitalisasi peran dan fungsi perpustakaan perguruan tinggi (pendekatan pengembangan perpustakaan di masa islam klasik)

Introduction. This study aims to examine the most prominent libraries in the classical Islamic period based on Islamic history. Islam in its golden age was once the most advanced civilization in the world.Data Collection Methods. This type of research is descriptive qualitative where data is collected through observation, interviews and documentation.Data Analysis. The theory used uses the principle of the library (Library low) based on Ranganathan. Data analysis in this study used the Miles & Huberman model, namely by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions / verification.Results and Discussion. The most prominent library revitalization manuscripts during the classical Islamic period were the Bayt al-Hikmah Library in Baghdad, the University Library of Cordoba, and the Dar al-Hikmah Library in Cairo. The three universities received enormous support from the government in carrying out their roles and functions in developing science at that time.Conclusion. The result of this research is that the development of Islamic libraries has roles and functions that can be adapted in universities, including study and research centers, scientific meeting centers and foreign book translation centers.

Jesus in Arabic, Jesus in Judeo-Arabic: The Origins of the Helene Version of the Jewish "Life of Jesus" (Toledot Yeshu)

The polemical anti-Christian narrative Toledot Yeshu (henceforth, TY) is the earliest freestanding composition written by Jews against central tenets of Christianity. Broadly speaking, the narrative is a subversive rendering of central aspects of the life of Jesus and was composed at some point during Late Antiquity or the early Islamic period. This article discusses the origins of the long ("Helene") version of this polemical parody, which was well known in most parts of the Jewish world, and argues that this expanded version of the narrative was a creation of the classical Islamic period, in Judeo-Arabic, likely around the ninth or tenth century. This argument is supported by manuscript evidence in Judeo-Arabic from a slightly later period. Furthermore, Jewish-Christian debate in a variety of Near Eastern languages was and remained active during the first few centuries of the Islamic period, and the tone and contents of TY are typical of the polemics composed during this time. A further backdrop for the creation of this Jewish polemical narrative was the existence of numerous accounts of Jesus's birth and childhood in Arabic, among Muslims and Christians, which would have provided fertile ground for the creation of a Jewish account of Jesus's birth and childhood, or "Jewish infancy gospel," as found in TY.

İslâm’ın Klasik Döneminden Tarih Bize Ne Söyler? Bazı Betimleyici Sosyal ve Ahlaki Örnekler

History, which is subsumed under Social and Humanity Sciences, is a field that closely concerns all branches of sciences. History is a verified set of facts. In the past sense, it is a continuous dimension of human consciousness, the institutions and values of the society and the absolute component of the patterns outside these. In other words, it is the narration, investigation and evaluation of all events in all aspects that took place in the past up to the present time. Also, history is the branch of science that records the adventure of humanity and the universe since creation. It is a bridge transferring the past to the present between the past and the future. It is the memory of nations and the report card showing their success and failure. It is a branch of science that offers exemplary scenes to be taught and a series of events that would not recur if the lesson had been learned. It is a branch of science that reveals the phases of Sunnatullah, the existence and extinction of the state, nations and civilizations. This article aims to reveal what history tells us with some examples from the Classical Period of Islam. For, history offers the necessary material to the understanding of humanity as a field and science branch that brings the past and the present together and sheds light on the future. Probably what needs to be done is to benefit properly from the environment prepared and presented by history. For, it is only the actors that change, in fact the historical rules do not change.

PERAN TEKNOLOGI DI DUNIA ISLAM

Islam since the beginning of its birth has encouraged science. The command “iqra” is authentic evidence of how Islam loves science. This evidence shows that Islam has a major contribution to the deve-lopment of science, including technology in it. This paper attempts to explain the contribution of Islam to technological development from the classical Islamic period to the current era. ICT is a contemporary problem facing Muslims. There are two choices, whether to reject ICT or accept it. This paper focuses on how Muslims can accept ICT for de-veloping the Islamic scholarship

DEVELOPMENT OF PARADIGMATIC INTEGRATIC PATTERN AT FATONI THAILAND UNIVERSITY

Abstract; This article is titled Development of Paradigmatic Integratic Patteren at Fathoni Thailand University. In this connection, the application of the pattern of Islamization or scientific integration is motivated by differences in understanding of the concept of scientific integration and local socio-cultural settings that are the background of the college. Fathoni University carries a scientific paradigm in the form of an attempt to subdue modern science (aqli) to the will of revelation, so that science not only has a worldly purpose, but also has a universal purpose. This kind of paradigm of Islamization of science is similar to the path taken by the ulema of Ahlu al-Sunnah in the classical Islamic period. They always put forward the revelation in the development of religious knowledge related to monotheism and fiqh. this road they take to remember the limitations of human reason in finding the basis and purpose of a science .

The Role of Hisbah in Promoting Ethical Values among the Muslim Ummah in the Classical Period of Islam

The Role of Hisbah in Promoting Ethical Values among the Muslim Ummah in the Classical Period of Islam Tambari Abbas Bashar (Ph. D); Ahmad Maigari Dutsin Ma (Ph. D) Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jisc.v6n2a5

East winds and full moons: Ramal al-Māya and the peregrinations of love-poetry images

The Moroccan poetic-musical genre known as al-Āla, also commonly referred to as ‘Andalusian music’, illustrates the mytho-historical travels of love images from classical and post-classical Arabic poetry, preserving and re-presenting examples of them as part of Moroccan public culture in the twenty-first century. This tradition preserves a substantial number of poems, which clearly echo both the strophic and non-strophic facets of Arabic verse in their forms and contents, and which Moroccans regard, by virtue of their association with al-Āla, as part of an authentic cultural-historical heritage deriving from the Islamic period in Spain and Portugal (al-Andalus). Although the history of interchange between al-Andalus and North Africa would seem to make this attribution plausible, the idea that these songs derive from al-Andalus is problematic; none of the music and very little of the poetry can be traced to that era. Careful study of the love-poetry (ghazal) images in the nūba Ramal al-Māya – a suite of songs within the tradition ostensibly devoted to praise of the Prophet Muḥammad – shows that al-Āla in fact represents a distillation of major uses of such themes in Arabic verse deriving from contexts well beyond the Iberian Peninsula of the Islamic period. In fact, the poetry of Ramal al-Māya preserves poetic images and themes stemming from the classical Islamic period and in so doing serves as a means by which these images and themes are kept alive in contemporary Moroccan culture.

Jerusalem in Medieval Islamic Tradition

AbstractThe history of Islamic thought about Jerusalem has been hindered by a lack of comprehensive historical sources on the city in what is traditionally thought of as the Classical period of Islam, from the 6th to the mid‐13th centuries. As a result, scholars have relied on geographical works and texts in a genre known as ‘Religious Merits’ or faḍā’ il, as well as apocalyptic and prophetic tradition (ḥadīth) for insight into the role and importance of the city for early medieval Muslims. Jerusalem’s major Islamic monuments, including the Dome of the Rock and the Aqṣā Mosque, were early Muslim buildings whose meaning changed significantly over the course of the medieval period. The incorporation of towns and cities outside Mecca and Medina into a sacred landscape encompassing broad regions such as al‐Shām/Greater Syria was partly the by‐product of the effulgence of the faḍā’ il genre, a feature of the High Middle Ages. Like Damascus, Kufa and Baghdad, among others, Jerusalem became one of a constellation of pilgrimage centers in broader conceptions of the Islamic world’s actual and sacred territory.

Konsepsi jihad dalam konteks kehidupanmodern: pemikiran Sayyid Sabiq dan Abu Bakar Jabir al-Jazayri

Recently, the term of jihad has been used by certain people for improper purposes. At the time of theProphet and the classical Islamic period, jihad meant as an effort to uphold and fight for Islam with awealth, soul, body, mind, and deeds. Nowdays certain people have been understanding and applyingthis term in the form of terror. They understand it solely as ‘the holy war’ against the unbelievers withparadise as a reward for martyrs who died for it. In the name of jihad, in this decade there are manybombings in Indonesia and other hemisphere. Bomb terrors not only occur in non-Muslim countriesbut also in Muslim countries which also cause Muslim victims. The question then is what are theiractions really the jihad as it is thought by Islam? To answer this question, this paper tries to explain theconcept of jihad in the perspective of two scholars who live in contemporary era, namely Sayyid Sabiqand Abu Bakr Jabir al-Jazayri by examining definition of jihad concept, legal basis and implementationof jihad, categories of jihad, and orientation of jihad understanding in the context of modern life.Through this study it is expected that the solution of jihad formulation in the context of modern lifecan be clarified and resolved.

Konsepsi jihad dalam konteks kehidupanmodern: pemikiran Sayyid Sabiq dan Abu Bakar Jabir al-Jazayri

Recently, the term of jihad has been used by certain people for improper purposes. At the time of theProphet and the classical Islamic period, jihad meant as an effort to uphold and fight for Islam with awealth, soul, body, mind, and deeds. Nowdays certain people have been understanding and applyingthis term in the form of terror. They understand it solely as ‘the holy war’ against the unbelievers withparadise as a reward for martyrs who died for it. In the name of jihad, in this decade there are manybombings in Indonesia and other hemisphere. Bomb terrors not only occur in non-Muslim countriesbut also in Muslim countries which also cause Muslim victims. The question then is what are theiractions really the jihad as it is thought by Islam? To answer this question, this paper tries to explain theconcept of jihad in the perspective of two scholars who live in contemporary era, namely Sayyid Sabiqand Abu Bakr Jabir al-Jazayri by examining definition of jihad concept, legal basis and implementationof jihad, categories of jihad, and orientation of jihad understanding in the context of modern life.Through this study it is expected that the solution of jihad formulation in the context of modern lifecan be clarified and resolved. Keywords : Jihad; Holy war; Struggle; Kafir