Classical Hypothesis Research Articles

Pengaruh Modal dan Biaya Produksi Terhadap Pendapatan UMKM Bakso Solo Mas Kumis di Karawang

The purpose of this study is to test whether or not there is: the influence of Capital (X1) on Income (Y), the influence of Production Costs (X2) on Income (Y), and the influence of Capital (X1) and Production Costs (X2) on Income (Y). The type of research used in this study is quantitative research with an associative approach. The data in this study is to collect financial report data (Capital, Production Costs, and Income) of UMKM Bakso Mas Kumis Karawang in 2022-2023. With samples of Capital, Production Costs, and Income data from November 2022 to October 2023 (12 months). This study was conducted using purposive sampling. Researchers used four data collection methods, namely: documentation, observation, interviews, and literature reviews. Data analysis techniques used in this study are: descriptive test, classical assumption test (normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test), hypothesis testing (multiple linear regression, partial test/t test, simultaneous test/f test), and coefficient of determination using SPSS 27. The results of the study indicate that: 1) The significance value of the Capital variable (X1) is 0.368, meaning that the significance value of 0.368> 0.05 indicates that the Capital variable does not have a significant effect on Income, meaning that the higher the Capital issued in the company's activities, the amount of Income will not necessarily increase. 2) The significance value of the Production Cost variable (X2) is 0.00, meaning that the significance value of 0.00 <0.05, indicates that the Production Cost variable has an effect on Income, meaning that the higher the Production Cost issued in the activity, the amount of Income achievement will increase. 3) The F-count value = 7.486 > F-table = 4.10 and the significance value is 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the Capital and Production Cost variables simultaneously or together have an effect on Income, meaning that if Capital and Production Costs increase together, this will be followed by an increase in Income.

Pengaruh Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Ukuran Perusahaan, Leverage, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Kepemilikan Institusional Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan: Studi pada Perusahaan Food and Baverage yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2022

This research aims to examine the influence of the independent variables profitability, liquidity, company size, leverage, managerial ownership and institutional ownership and the dependent variable firm value. The object of this research is food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange 2019 - 2022. The sampling method used is the purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted on 19 companies and the number of observations was 532 data using a quantitative-descriptive approach. The analytical method used is multiple regression which consists of classic assumption tests (normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test and autocorrelation test) and hypothesis tests (coefficient of determination test, T test, F test). The results of this research show that profitability and leverage have a positive and significant effect on company value, while liquidity, company size, managerial ownership and institutional ownership have no effect on company value.

Latent encoding of movement in primary visual cortex.

Cortical maps are thought to be useful for efficient processing of sensory information. In the primary visual cortex (V1), they are believed to provide uniform coverage across the visual field, ensuring that all orientations, spatial frequencies, and other features are consistently represented at each location in visual space. This organization supports stable visual perception, but it remains unclear how V1 encodes motion, particularly speed. Here, we reveal that cat V1 represents motion speed in a distributed manner without spatially organized temporal frequency maps, and that direction maps vary with stimulus speed. Nonetheless, we show that information on speed and preferred direction is decodable at all cortical locations. These findings challenge the classical uniform coverage hypothesis for motion attributes, and suggest that V1 encodes motion information in a more flexible manner.

Pengaruh Keterbukaan Diri di Media Sosial Terhadap Insecurity pada Mahasiswa Universitas ‘Aisyiyah Yogyakarta

This research aims to find out whether there is an influence of self-disclosure in the media on students' feelings of insecurity. Self-disclosure on social media, such as providing personal information, achievements, or feelings, makes students more vulnerable to social comparisons, criticism, and negative comments. This research uses a descriptive and inferential quantitative approach with a simple regression analysis method. The subjects of this research were 'Aisyiyah Yogyakarta University students who actively use social media with a sample of 96 people. Data was collected through an online survey via Google Forms which measured self-disclosure on social media and feelings of insecurity and distributed via social media. Data were analyzed using classic assumption tests and hypothesis testing in the form of simple regression analysis. The research results show that there is a very significant influence between self-disclosure on social media on insecurity in students. This is shown by the regression coefficient value of 3751.630, which indicates that the higher the self-disclosure on social media, the greater the possibility of students feeling insecure or lacking self-confidence. This research still has shortcomings, such as subjects that are not balanced between genders, does not focus on one social media, and research subjects are still limited, therefore it is hoped that future research can improve the findings.

Pengaruh Spaylater Dan Cod (Cash On Delivery) Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Di Marketplace Shopee (Studi Pada Mahasiswa/i Universitas Muhammadiyah Kalianda)

The use of the internet and mobile phones is not just to find various information, but people today make the internet, especially E-Commerce, part of their lifestyle. Shopee not only makes it easier to shop, but Shopee also makes it easy to make transactions when shopping. One of them is by payment methods using digital money such as ShopeePay, ShopeePay Later and COD. With ease in the purchase transaction process. This study was conducted to determine the influence of Shopeepay later and COD (Cash On Delivery) on the purchase decision of students of the University of Muhammadiyah Kalianda on the Shopee marketplace. In this study, the researcher used a quantitative research method and data was collected using a questionnaire. The sample taken amounted to 50 respondents using the purposive sampling technique. The instrument tests used are validation tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, quantitative analysis and hypothesis tests. The results of SPPSS 23 processing from the descriptive analysis can be concluded that the spaylater variable (X1) has a positive effect on the Purchase Decision variable (Y). The COD (Cash On Delivery) variable (X2) had no effect on the purchase decision (Y), then the spaylater variable (X1) and COD (X2) together had a positive effect on the purchase decision (Y).

PENGARUH PENDAPATAN PREMI, BEBAN KLAIM, RISK BASED CAPITAL DAN HASIL INVESTASI TERHADAP LABA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI UMUM SYARIAH YANG TERDAFTAR DI OTORITAS JASA KEUANGAN INDONESIA

Abstract: Corporate Profit or commonly called profitability, is a measure of how well a company has succeeded in generating net profit from its operations in a certain period. This study aims to determine how much influence Premium Income, Claim Expenses, Risk Based Capital and Investment Returns have on the Profit of Sharia General Insurance Companies registered with the Indonesian Financial Services Authority, with an observation period of three years, namely from 2020 to 2022. The data used in this study are secondary data that are quantitative in nature, namely by using financial reports published by the Financial Services Authority. The population in this study were 25 issuers and the sample selected in this study were 17 issuers, and using the purposive sampling method with certain criteria. The analysis method uses the panel data regression analysis method. The model used in this study is the panel data fixed effect model, classical assumption test and hypothesis test. The results show that premium income, claim expenses, risk based capital and investment returns simultaneously have a significant effect on the Profit of Sharia General Insurance Companies registered with the Indonesian Financial Services Authority. Premium income partially has a negative and significant effect on company profits. Claim expenses partially have a positive and significant effect on company profits. Risk based capital partially has a positive and significant effect on company profits. Investment results partially have no effect on company profits. Keywords: Premium Income, Claims Expense, Risk Based Capital, Investment Results and Company Profit

The Influence of Financial Ratios on Investment Decisions in the Food and Beverage Subsector on the Indonesian Stock Exchange

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of financial ratios on investment decisions in the food and beverage sub-sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period. This study uses a quantitative research type and sampling using a purposive sampling method. The population in this study were 27 companies and the sample of this study was 10 companies. Data collection techniques used Multiple Linear Regression testing, Multiple Regression Classical Assumption testing, hypothesis testing and determination coefficient testing. The data processing of this study used SPSS 27, 2024. The results of this study indicate that partially the profitability ratio (Return on Asset) with t-count <t-table (-9.064<2.028) with a significant level (0.001<0.05) has a negative but significant effect on investment decisions, the liquidity ratio (Current Ratio) with t-count <t table (-1.316<2.028) with a significant level (0.197>0.05) has a negative but insignificant effect on investment decisions and the solvency ratio (Debt to Equity Ratio) with t-count <t table (-2.266<2.028) with a significant level (0.030<0.05) has a negative but significant effect on investment decisions.

The Influence of the Number of Banks, Distribution of Funds, and Sources of Funds on the Performance of Commercial Banks in Indonesia

This research aims to determine the impact of the number of banks, distribution of funds, and sources of funds on the general performance of banks in Indonesia. The location of this research is Indonesia. The object of this research is to collect data on the number of banks, distribution of funds, sources of funds, and performance of commercial banks in Indonesia, taken from the Central Statistics Agency website during 2018–2022. The data analysis method used is the multiple linear regression test using the classical assumption test, regression testing, and hypothesis testing. Based on the research results, it can be explained: 1) Partially, the number of banks does not influence but is significant on bank performance (-3.333 < 2.110; 0.004 < 0.05), the distribution of funds does not influence and is not substantial on bank performance (-1.992 < 2.110; 0.5063 > 0.05), and the source of funds influences and is significant on bank performance (3,440 > 2,110; 0.003 < 0.05); 2) Simultaneous positive and significant influence of the number of banks, distribution of funds, and sources of funds on performance (17.113 > 2.96; 0.000 < 0.05; 3) The bank performance variable has no relationship with the variable number of banks, distribution of funds with the figures shown being -0.753, -0.482 and has a relationship to the source of funds of 0.501

The Influence of Accessibility, Design, and BUMDes Website Features on the Effectiveness of BUMDes Management in Sumberpucung District

Good management of Village-Owned Enterprises (BUMDes) is very important to support economic growth in the region. The BUMDes website of Sumberpucung District has been developed to support the effectiveness of BUMDes management there. This study aims to explore the influence of the existence of the website in terms of accessibility, interface design, and website features on the effectiveness of BUMDes management. Research data were obtained through literature studies and filling out questionnaires from 25 research samples. The research instruments used were tested through validity and reliability tests, and the data and regression models used were tested through classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. The results of the study showed that accessibility, interface design, and website features had a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of BUMDes management in Sumberpucung District. The three variables also had a simultaneous effect on the effectiveness of BUMDes management. The results of this study are expected to be a consideration in the management of BUMDes in Sumberpucung District in the future and provide broader insights regarding the use of information technology and organizational management.

Pengaruh Brand Equity dan Online Customer Reviews (OCRs) terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Produk The Originote pada Aplikasi Tiktok Shop

Tiktok is the only social media that is widely used by shoppers to see product reviews before deciding to buy. One of the most searched content is beauty products. Research was conducted to determine the effect of brand equity and online customer reviews (OCRs) on purchasing decisions for The Originote products on the Tiktok Shop Application. This study focuses on The Originote skincare using quantitative methods. The sample used was Generation Z in Malang City with a multistage random sampling technique. Data analysis includes instrument testing, descriptive, classical assumption testing and hypothesis testing. The results of the study show that both brand equity and OCRs variables significantly contribute to purchasing decisions. Partially and simultaneously, both variables have a significant influence on purchasing decisions. To improve and strengthen brand equity, The Originote needs to upgrade the outer packaging so that the product is protected from impact. On the other hand, to improve online customer reviews, The Originote needs to create an SOP for admins to reply to customer reviews.

Pengaruh Kualitas E-Service dan Nilai Pelanggan terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan Tokopedia di Kota Batam

The aim of this research is to see how customer value and e-serial quality influence Tokopedia customer satisfaction in Batam City. The population of Tokopedia users or consumers in 2024 is the subject of this research. By using purposive sampling and the Lameshow formula approach, 100 respondents were selected as samples for this research. Multiple linear regression was used for data analysis, along with classic influence, hypothesis and assumption testing, as well as data quality testing. The results of multiple linear regression analysis show that there is a relationship of 18.8% between electronic service quality and customer happiness. Customer satisfaction is influenced by customer value by 31%. Using coefficient of determination analysis (R2), the results show that customer value and e-service quality together explain 29.7% of the variation in customer satisfaction. In addition, the results of the t test and F test show that customer value and e-service quality together have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction at Tokopedia in Batam City.

THE INFLUENCE OF TRAINING AND WORK ENVIRONMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT PT SAMWON COPPER TUBE INDONESIA

The objective of this study is to determine the influence of training and work environment on employee performance at PT Samwon Copper Tube Indonesia in Tangerang Regency, Banten. The method used is quantitative. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling, meaning all members of the population are used as the sample, resulting in a sample of respondents in this study. Data analysis was conducted using validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, regression analysis, correlation coefficients, determination coefficients, and hypothesis testing. The study results indicate that training has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a regression equation showing a direct relationship. The coefficient of determination shows that part of the variation in employee performance can be explained by the training variable, and hypothesis testing results indicate a positive and significant influence of training on employee performance at PT Samwon Copper Tube Indonesia in Tangerang Regency, Banten. The work environment also has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a regression equation showing a direct relationship. The coefficient of determination shows that part of the variation in employee performance can be explained by the work environment variable, and hypothesis testing results indicate a positive and significant influence of the work environment on employee performance at PT Samwon Copper Tube Indonesia in Tangerang Regency, Banten. Training and work environment simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on employee performance, with a regression equation indicating the contribution of these two variables together. The coefficient of determination shows that a large portion of the variation in employee performance can be explained by training and work environment, while the remainder is influenced by other factors. Hypothesis testing results indicate a positive and significant influence of training and work environment simultaneously on employee performance at PT Samwon Copper Tube Indonesia in Tangerang Regency, Banten.

A classic key innovation constrains oral jaw functional diversification in fishes

Abstract Modifications to the pharyngeal jaws—a prey processing system located posterior to the mouth cavity—are widely considered a key innovation that enhanced diversification within several prominent fish clades. Seen in cichlids, damselfishes, wrasses, and a few other lineages, these musculoskeletal alterations are believed to increase the evolutionary independence and, thus, the diversification of the oral and pharyngeal jaw systems. To test this classic hypothesis, we conducted comparative phylogenetic analyses to assess the effect of the pharyngeal novelty on the diversification of feeding morphology and kinematics across a taxonomically diverse sample of spiny-rayed fishes. We quantified movements of the oral jaws and other craniofacial structures from 689 suction-feeding strikes using high-speed videos collected from 228 species with and without the pharyngeal jaw novelty. Contradicting long-held predictions, we find significantly greater disparity across all traits and faster rates of oral jaw functional evolution in fishes without the specialized prey processing system. The modified pharyngeal jaw is undoubtedly a functional innovation as it enhances the strength of the prey processing system, facilitating exceptional transition rates to feeding on hard and tough prey. However, it also restricts the diversification of the feeding system, revealing that the impact of pharyngognathy is more nuanced than previously thought. In light of these and other recent findings, a reinterpretation of the macroevolutionary consequences of the pharyngeal jaw novelty is needed.

Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Komunikasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Duta Indah Global Kencana

This research aims to determine and analyze the influence of leadership and communication on employee performance at PT.Duta Indah Global Kencana. The population in this study were all employees of PT. Duta Indah Global Kencana totaling 56 people. The sampling technique used is using saturated samples. The data collection technique in this study uses a questionnaire distributed to employees of PT. Duta Indah Global Kencana. This study uses a quantitative method and the collected data is processed with SPSS 25. Data analysis techniques in this research use classical assumption tests, multiple regression, hypothesis testing and coefficient of determination. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that leadership and communication have a significant effect on employee performance.

PENGARUH RASIO LIKUIDITAS DAN SOLVABILITAS TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN

Financial performance is really needed by companies to determine the good and bad of the company's financial condition in a certain period. One way of measuring company performance is using financial ratio analysis. This research aims to examine the effect of liquidity ratios (CR) and Solvency (DER) on financial performance (ROA) in pharmaceutical companies for the 2021-2023 period, both partially and simultaneously. The samples were taken using purposive sampling technique. A sample of 14 companies was obtained from a total population of 15 companies. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique. The analysis technique used was descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression. , classical assumption test, hypothesis test (T test and F test) and coefficient of determination. Data processing using the SPSS 26 program. Partial test results show that solvency has a negative and significant effect on financial performance. Liquidity has a positive and significant effect on financial performance. Activities has no effect on financial performance. Meanwhile, simultaneous test results show that liquidity, solvency and activity together have an effect on financial performanc

Pengaruh Good Corporate Governance Terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Manufaktur Sektor Barang Konsumsi yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2019-2022

This study to determine the influence of the independent commisioners, board of directory, and audit committee on the profitability of manufacturing companies in the consumer goods sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The data uses secondary data with a population of 113 companies listed in the consumer goods sector on the IDX. The sampling applies purposive sampling totaling 52 companies. The data analysis uses classical assumption test, hypothesis testing, and linear regression test. The results show that: 1) The independent commissioners partially does not influence the company’s profitability, 2) Partially, the board of directors does not influence the company’s profitability, 3) Partially, the audit committee influence the company’s profitability, 4) while the independent commissioners, board of directors, and audit committee simultaneously influence the company’s profitability.

Threshold transient growth as a criterion for turbulent mean profiles

Lozano-Duran et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 914, 2021, p. A8) have recently identified the ability of streamwise-averaged turbulent streak fields ${\mathcal {U}}(y,z,t)\hat {\boldsymbol {x}}$ in minimal channels to produce short-term transient growth as the key linear mechanism needed to sustain turbulence at $Re_{\tau }=180$ . Here, in an attempt to extend this result to larger domains and higher $Re_{\tau }$ , we model this streak transient growth as a two-stage linear process by first selecting the dominant streak structure expected to emerge over the eddy turnover time on the turbulent mean profile $U(y)\hat {\boldsymbol {x}}$ , and then examining the secondary growth on this (frozen) streak field ${\mathcal {U}}(y,z)\hat {\boldsymbol {x}}$ . Choosing the mean streak amplitude and eddy turnover time consistent with simulations captures the growth thresholds found by Lozano-Duran et al. (2021) for sustained turbulence. In a larger domain at $Re_{\tau }=180$ , the most energetic near-wall streaks observed in simulations are close to the predicted optimal streaks. This most energetic streak spacing, approaches the optimal streak at $Re_{\tau }=550$ where the secondary growth possible on each also comes together. A key prediction from the model is that the threshold transient growth required to sustain turbulence decreases with increasing $Re_{\tau }$ . More fundamentally, the work of Lozano-Duran et al. (2021) and our results suggest a subtle but significant revision of Malkus's (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 1, 1956, pp. 521–539) classic hypothesis concerning realisable turbulent mean profiles. The key property for a realisable turbulent mean profile could be the ability to generate sufficient short-term transient growth rather than dependence on its (long-term) linear stability characteristics, which was Malkus's original idea.

PENGARUH PERSEPSI MANFAAT PERSEPSI KEMUDAHAN PENGGUNAAN DAN ONLINE CUSTOMER REVIEW TERHADAP MINAT PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI MYPERTAMINA DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

MyPertamina is a digital financial application that can be used to pay cashless fuel oil. This study was conducted to test whether the variables in this study had a joint and individual influence on the interest in using MyPertamina in Gianyar Regency. The number of target groups consisted of 96 respondents, with a stratified sampling technique and based on criteria. Data analysis used classical hypothesis testing and multiple linear regression analysis. Overall the results of the study show a positive and significant trend. The variables Perceived Usefulness (X1) and Online Customer Review (X3) partially have a unidirectional and real influence, however, perceived ease of use (X2) shows a positive but not significant trend, meaning that the more positive values generated, the greater the interest in MyPertamina, but the convenience provided by MyPertamina is not strong enough to affect interest in using MyPertamina actually.

PENGARUH PENGETAHUAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN DAN MOTIVASI BERWIRAUSAHA TERHADAP MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA REMAJA DI BANJAR JELEKA DESA BATUAN KECAMATAN SUKAWATI

Jele Kabanja, Batuan Village, Sukawati District In an effort to increase interest in entrepreneurship among the younger generation, there are concerns and problems faced related to knowledge and motivation for entrepreneurship. The aim of the research is: To find out whether there is a simultaneous, partial, positive and significant influence between entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial motivation on teenagers' entrepreneurial interest in Banjar Jeleka, Batuan Village, Sukawati District. The number of samples determined using the saturated sample method was 87 people. Data analysis uses classical hypothesis testing, multiple linear regression analysis, analysis of the coefficient of determination, statistical analysis of the F test (F test), and statistical analysis of the t test (t test). Results show that entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial motivation simultaneously or partially have a significant positive influence on the entrepreneurial interest of the younger generation in Banjar Jeleka, Batuan Village, Sukawati District

Pengaruh Komisaris Independen, Capital Intensity Dan Financial Distress Terhadap Konservatisme Akuntansi

This research aims to test and prove the influence of independent commissioners, capital intensity and financial distress on accounting conservatism” (Empirical Study on LQ 45 index companies listed on the BEI for the 2018-2023 period).The type of research used is a quantitative method. The type of data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports of LQ 45 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2023. Samples were collected using the purposive sampling method. The number of companies that met the research sample criteria was 15 companies out of 45 companies with a research period of 6 years of observation, so that a total of 90 research samples were obtained. Data processing using the Eviews 10 Statistical Program. Next, carrying out various tests including descriptive statistical tests, panel data model tests, model selection tests, classical assumption tests and hypothesis tests. So the research results prove that independent commissioners, capital intensity and financial distress simultaneously influence accounting conservatism. Independent commissioners partially influence accounting conservatism. capital intensity influences accounting conservatism. Financial distress has no effect on accounting conservatism.