Classical Sources Research Articles

Spectral aging analysis of the 3C 219 double-double radio galaxy

Context. Double-double radio galaxies are characterized by intermittent jet-formation activity. The exact reasons for this behavior are not yet fully understood. Studying these objects and their environment allows us to find common characteristics and compare them with the general population of radio galaxies. 3C 219 is a well-known and thoroughly studied radio galaxy. Among the many explanations for its unusual “partial jet” structure, intermittent activity seems to be the leading one. However, this hypothesis has never been tested using aging analysis. Aims. The aim of this paper is to put constraints on the active galactic nucleus duty cycle and dynamics of radio lobe expansion in 3C 219, in both the inner and outer double. This will provide us with information on the behavior of the central engine and the interaction of the radio lobes with the ambient medium, allowing us to verify whether the structure of 3C 219 is the result of intermittent activity and to search for its possible causes. Methods. We performed a spectral aging analysis of the 3C 219 double-double radio galaxy using archival Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and Low Frequency Array data. We present detailed spectral age maps and constructed a spectral age profile. We compared ratios of linear sizes and luminosities in individual phases of activity with lobe expansion velocities in the plane of the sky derived from the age profile to infer hot-spot advance velocities through the surrounding medium and the orientation of the jet axes. Results. The galaxy shows a general asymmetry in the distribution of plasma with respect to the inferred jet axis in the original phase of activity, suggesting an influence of the intracluster medium on the formation of the radio structure. The advance speed of hot spots in the outer double is typical of classical FRII sources expanding into an ambient thermal medium, while for the inner double, the lower limit is estimated to be ∼0.28 c. The radio galaxy has experienced a very short quiescent period of no more than 2 Myr, which is ≲7% of its total lifetime. Conclusions. The most plausible explanation for the double-double radio structure in 3C 219 is a rapid jet reorientation along the line of sight, which may be the result of a minor merger. Further study of the 3C 219 inner double is needed. High-resolution maps are required to probe its structure in sufficient detail, while high-frequency observations are necessary to better constrain the durations of the quiescent and restarted phases.

Travel and Hospitality in Josephus’ Representation of the Essene Community (Judean War 2.124–127) and Its Literary and Cultural Contexts

Abstract In his description of the Essenes in the Judean War, Josephus asserts that members of this group settled in many cities, and, in doing so, formed an interregional community with members travelling between and visiting each other in different places. Individual travellers, in turn, travel light because they can enjoy the hospitality of the host community in the cities which they visit (War 2.124–127). How can we explain Josephus’ emphasis on the Essenes as a hospitable community in view of a first-century readership of War and in the wider socio-cultural context of the Roman Mediterranean? This article has two interlocking aims. The first is to examine the emphasis on travel and hospitality in Josephus’ description of the Essenes. To draw out this emphasis, we situate this passage in its wider narrative context and compare it to descriptions of the Essenes in other classical sources, especially the writings of Philo of Alexandria. Our second aim, taking the image of the Essenes as hosts and travellers as a departure point, is to elucidate the cultural constructs undergirding Josephus’ descriptions of hospitality throughout his writings. Starting from the premise that Josephus’ language of guest-friendship would be recognisable to local audiences in and around Rome, we consider how Josephus’ diction of travel and hospitality participates in broader cultural practices.

Abortion from an International Perspective after the Dobbs case

The American Supreme Court of Justice recently overturned the precedents that legalized abortion in the Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization case. This article analyzes whether this decision is consistent with the current status of abortion as established in International Human Rights Law (IHRL), according to its classical sources (treaties and customary law). Since no treaty includes a right to abortion and there is no consistent practice among states to legalize abortion, various soft law instruments are discussed to clarify the consensus on this issue. These instruments include the agreements reached at the World Population Conferences, the Fourth World Conference on Women of 1995, and the pronouncements and case law of human rights mechanisms (treaty monitoring bodies and regional courts). This analysis shows that the arguments and conclusions in the Dobbs case are consistent with what states have agreed to internationally on the matter.

The End of Composite Monarchies: Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis and Mid-Seventeenth-Century Iberian Diplomacy

Abstract This article sheds light on the seventeenth-century Catalan, Portuguese and Castilian uses of Hugo Grotius’s De iure belli ac pacis (1625) and, in particular, his chapters on the matter of monarchical succession. By studying the patterns in the ways that Catalan and Portuguese rebels and Spanish diplomats drew on this source to mediate disputes over succession, the article suggests that, while Grotius’s works may have eroded the rights of possession in the Atlantic and the Pacific by building on classical, biblical and Spanish sources, Iberian authors saw the text as a shared rulebook for discussing a sensitive matter that Spain had traditionally resolved through creative ambiguity, by granting and expanding local privileges under the threat of brute force. The article, in this way, encourages a reconsideration of the practical, diplomatic and high-political uses of Grotius’s ideas in Catholic Europe, a reassessment of a clear-cut binary between Dutch ideas of liberty and Spanish visions of empire, and a reconsideration of the historiographical explanation for the decomposition of composite monarchies.

Preface

Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability TMREES Conference Series Tmrees24Gr International Conference 08 - 09 - 10 July 2024, Hybrid, Metz – France TMREES Conference Series: Technologies and Materials for Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability aims to promote sustainable, healthy and diverse ecosystems; encourage and support the Sustainability and development of security systems through green-based and clean resources, bringing together participants from international organizations, universities, industry and administrative to exchange innovative ideas, explore enabling technologies, share experiences in sustainability issues, open a new window on the circumstances of the classical energy sources and their harmful impact on the society. Meet the experts of Renewable Energy, Environment and Sustainability to discuss new concepts, trends and developments in science and industry. The TMREES provides a great opportunity for dialogue and information exchange across the World. The TMREES program is structured in plenary, oral and poster presentations and covers the entire range of Energy Sources, Environment and Sustainability, focusing on the latest scientific and technological innovations. Chafic Salamé, Professor Maya Julian, Doctor Tmrees general chair European Academy for Sustainable Development EURACA, 57-France Decree 818559064 List of Topics and Special Themes, Committees are available in this pdf.

Ghost imaging Lidar: principle, progress and prospect

Abstract Ghost imaging (GI), as a computational imaging technology, can staringly obtain the target's image by computing the second-order correlation function between the intensity of modulation field and the target's echo signal recorded by a single-pixel detector. Since GI with classical light source was experimentally demonstrated, GI Lidar has been considered to be one of the best application prospects in GI direction and become a research hotspot. With in-depth study and development on GI Lidar in recent years, GI Lidar has achieved significant progress and is expected to be applied in the near future. In this paper, we try to sketch the basic principles and superiorities of two kinds of GI Lidar. Next, with respect to the application of long-range, high-resolution, and high-speed moving target detection and recognition, we introduce the development progress of narrow-pulsed GI Lidar and long-pulsed GI Lidar via heterodyne detection. Finally, the key problems and prospect of GI Lidar are also discussed.

Lawrence Alma-Tadema and the nineteenth-century 'periode eye': Classical sources for his Entrance of the theatre (1866) and An exedra (1869)

The Anglo-Dutch artist Lawrence Alma-Tadema (1836-1912) is known for being one of the leading representatives of historical genre painting. His paintings are often set in antiquity that usually transmits a peaceful atmosphere, although they also regularly refer to classical sources that include critical messages. Two key works of Alma-Tadema’s Pompeian period are Entrance of the theatre (1866) and An exedra (1869). These works are paradigmatic of the artist’s in-depth knowledge of classical civilization. He seemed obsessed with the historical accuracy of his paintings, which can be partly explained by the fact that general education at the time was steeped in the classics, and the public’s appreciation of his paintings must have been directly related to what was taught at school. Through a detailed analysis in conjunction with contemporary critical reviews, the author intends to reconstruct the nineteenth-century perspective on Alma-Tadema’s work. The question is how his contemporaries may have viewed his paintings, and how the concept of the ‘period eye’, developed by Baxandall, can be of use. It turns out that, with access to these classical sources, Entrance of the theatre becomes a scathing critique of the vanity and conceit of the wealthy class. Alma-Tadema’s reference to Terence’s comedy Andria convincingly complements a social criticism depicted through a public scene at the entrance of the Small Theatre in Pompeii. Additionally, the inscriptions and monuments that were associated with the famous family of the Holconians in particular, and theatrical patronage in Pompeii in general, must have been of particular interest to Alma-Tadema. This also emerged in An exedra, a scene around a tomb at the Via dei Sepolcri in Pompeii. The result is an image that, beyond a casual daily image from antiquity, also aims to show social injustice through the lost gaze of the enslaved person. These paintings show how Lawrence Alma-Tadema was capable of making numerous references, by layering several meanings and suggestions taken from antiquity. They also constitute a clear example of how he used and combined all his knowledge of classical architecture and fashion available at the time, to elaborate a pictorial narrative that pointed to the core of historical reconstruction.

An energy-based framework for predicting vehicle noise source intensity: From energy consumption to noise

The vehicle noise source strength prediction model is a crucial component in the field of traffic noise prediction. Despite the establishment of noise source strength localized models in various countries, the theoretical underpinnings of the sound power level models within these frameworks remains unclear. This study addresses this gap by analyzing the correlation between vehicle noise and energy consumption. An energy-based source strength model framework (E-SSIM) is proposed, focusing on developing nonlinear models for basic noise level. E-SSIM is built on acoustical principles and the energy flow of vehicles, integrating noise and energy consumption through the application of multivariate regression theory, characterized by a transient or simplified mathematical framework. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis and road experiments are conducted to validate the proposed framework. The findings reveal that E-SSIM effectively integrates vehicle energy flow and principles of acoustics, thereby providing a theoretical foundation for the logarithmic mathematical structure in classical noise source strength models. The study reveals that in low-speed driving conditions (17–40 km/h), the sensitivity of noise energy to aerodynamic drag energy consumption reaches its peak. Specifically, the sensitivity of E-SSIM, as assessed by the A-weighted sound level, progressively decreases with increasing speed. On the contrary, for the Z-weighted sound level, the sensitivity initially decreases before rising again, reaching its peak stability and robustness at a speed of 23.8 km/h. E-SSIM exhibits superior precision in predicting A/Z-weighted sound pressure levels. Compared to classic logarithmic structural prediction models, the mean absolute percentage error of E-SSIM was reduced by 4.19% and 0.07%. Compared to typical models such as ASJ developed by the Acoustical Society of Japan and CNOSSOS-EU used by the European Commission, E-SSIM yielded a mean absolute percentage error reduction of 68% and 67%. Interestingly, as vehicle internal energy consumption increases, the prediction deviations of E-SSIM, ASJ, and CNOSSOS-EU gradually decrease, possibly because vehicle operating conditions approach stability. E-SSIM can utilize abundant vehicle data to develop generic models, promoting the advancement of noise prediction.

The Jurisprudence of Religious Moderation: Strengthening Al-Wathanniyah Values at the Intersection of Islam and Nationality

The purpose of this research is to analyze the concept of religious moderation fiqh and the value of al-wathanniyah at the intersection between Islam and nationalism in Indonesia as well as to formulate strategies and efforts that can be made to strengthen the value of al-wathanniyah as a basis in realizing religious moderation fiqh in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research methods. Data collection techniques are carried out through in-depth literature studies on related classical and contemporary literature sources, as well as conceptual analysis to critically and comprehensively identify, explore, and map key concepts. The research results explain that the concept of religious moderation fiqh which emphasizes the attitude of tawassuth (moderate), tawazun (balanced), and i’tidal (straight) in understanding and practicing Islamic teachings has a meeting point with the value of al-wathanniyah or love for the homeland as part of the faith of a Muslim in Indonesia. Strengthening the value of al-wathanniyah or love for the homeland at the intersection between Islam and nationalism becomes the key to realizing the fiqh of religious moderation. These two concepts are in line with realizing a just, peaceful, prosperous society, and upholding unity in diversity in accordance with the ideals of the nation. To strengthen it as a basis for religious moderation in Indonesia, a comprehensive strategy is needed that includes aspects of education by integrating these values in the curriculum, spreading moderate discourse through various media, community empowerment, the role of the government in regulations by involving religious and community leaders, as well as cooperation and dialogue among stakeholders to build a collective understanding in the Indonesian context.

Komparasi Penerapan Al-Wasiah Al-Wajibah Mesir Dan Indonesia

Islamic Family Law underwent reform in the 20th century. One of the reform phenomena that developed in the ijtihad of the scholars, namely Al-Wasiah Al-Wajibah, is part of the legal reform efforts in the Islamic world, which has now been implemented, especially in Indonesia. However, the results of this reform effort are still far from perfect, because there are still many problems in the distribution of inheritance through mandatory wills. As a result, Indonesian scholars have agreed to implement mandatory wills in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI), following and developing Egyptian law No. 71 of 1946. This research uses a comparative descriptive method and collects data through a literature review, referring to fiqh sources from both classical and contemporary sources, as well as articles in the Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) on the issue of compulsory probate. Compulsory probate is a new rule introduced by Middle Eastern scholars, especially in Indonesia and Egypt, followed by other Middle Eastern Islamic countries.

Underdetermined Blind Source Separation of Audio Signals for Group Reared Pigs Based on Sparse Component Analysis.

In order to solve the problem of difficult separation of audio signals collected in pig environments, this study proposes an underdetermined blind source separation (UBSS) method based on sparsification theory. The audio signals obtained by mixing the audio signals of pigs in different states with different coefficients are taken as observation signals, and the mixing matrix is first estimated from the observation signals using the improved AP clustering method based on the "two-step method" of sparse component analysis (SCA), and then the audio signals of pigs are reconstructed by L1-paradigm separation. Five different types of pig audio are selected for experiments to explore the effects of duration and mixing matrix on the blind source separation algorithm by controlling the audio duration and mixing matrix, respectively. With three source signals and two observed signals, the reconstructed signal metrics corresponding to different durations and different mixing matrices perform well. The similarity coefficient is above 0.8, the average recovered signal-to-noise ratio is above 8 dB, and the normalized mean square error is below 0.02. The experimental results show that different audio durations and different mixing matrices have certain effects on the UBSS algorithm, so the recording duration and the spatial location of the recording device need to be considered in practical applications. Compared with the classical UBSS algorithm, the proposed algorithm outperforms the classical blind source separation algorithm in estimating the mixing matrix and separating the mixed audio, which improves the reconstruction quality.

(Keynote) Engineering Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals for Fast Single-Particle and Collective Light Emission

Colloidal lead halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystals (NCs), with bright and spectrally narrow photoluminescence (PL) tunable over the entire visible spectral range, are of immense interest as classical and quantum light sources. Fast (bright) and pure single-photon emission is key for many quantum technologies, from optical quantum computing to quantum key distribution and quantum imaging.The brightness of an emitter is ultimately described by Fermi’s golden rule, with a radiative rate proportional to its oscillator strength (intrinsic emitter property) times the local density of photonic states (photonic engineering, i.e. cavity). With perovskite NCs, we present a record-low sub-100 ps radiative decay time for CsPb(Br/Cl)3, almost as short as the reported exciton coherence time, by the NC size increase to 30 nm. The characteristic dependence of radiative rates on QD size, composition, and temperature suggests the formation of giant transition dipoles, as confirmed by effective-mass calculations for the case of the giant oscillator strength. Importantly, the fast radiative rate is achieved along with the single-photon emission despite the NC size being ten times larger than the exciton Bohr radius. NC self-assembly is a versatile platform for materials engineering, particularly for attaining collective phenomena with perovskite NCs, such as superfluorescence in perovskite NC superlattices. Thus far, LHP NCs have been co-assembled with building blocks that acted solely as spacers to promote the tuning of the mutual arrangement of LHP nanocubes [2]. However, the functionality of the second SL component can give rise to the enhancement of the LHP NCs properties or the emergence of new collective effects. We present the formation of multicomponent SLs made from the CsPbBr3 NCs of two different sizes. The diversity of obtained SLs encompassed the binary ABO6-, ABO3-, and NaCl-type structures, all of which contained orientationally and positionally confined NCs. For the selected model system, the ABO6-type SL, we observed efficient NC coupling and Förster-like energy transfer from strongly confined 5.3 nm CsPbBr3 NCs to weakly confined 17.6 nm CsPbBr3 NCs. Exciton spatiotemporal dynamics measurements reveal that binary SLs exhibit enhanced exciton diffusivity compared to one-component SLs across the entire temperature range (from 5 K to 298 K). Observed incoherent NC coupling and controllable excitonic transport within the solid NC SLs hold promise for potential applications in optoelectronic devices.[1]C. Zhu, S. C. Boehme, L. G. Feld, A. Moskalenko, D. N. Dirin, R. F. Mahrt, T. Stöferle, M. I. Bodnarchuk, A. L. Efros, P. C. Sercel, M. V. Kovalenko, G. Rainò. In review.[2] Ihor Cherniukh et al. Nature, 2021, 593, 535–542. [3] T. Sekh et al. Submitted

Friendship and the Common Good in Julius Caesar

Abstract This essay proposes a new reading of Julius Caesar’s account of friendship that also illuminates Shakespeare’s broader communitarian political attitudes. It argues that the ‘quarrel’ (or reconciliation) scene between Brutus and Cassius presents a crucial turn in the play’s closely meditated account of amity. This sheds new light on Shakespeare’s response to two classical sources: Cicero’s De Amicitia and Euripides’ Iphigenia at Aulius, whose opening provides the model for this sequence. The significance of how Brutus and Cassius settle their differences, as well as their refusal to believe the enemy is always occulted within the friend, has been under-estimated. The high-minded ideals of Ciceronian amicitia seem wildly remote from the play’s exposure of how friendship works in political life. We witness it being made serviceable to ambitions and held in bad faith: Cicero acknowledges these possibilities too. Yet the neglected later sequences of Julius Caesar tell a different story about friendship that emphasizes its role in promoting commonalty and reconciliation. The tragedy lies in the loss of this potential.

Pola Konsumsi Berita dalam Era Digital: Perbandingan Preferensi Generasi Z Terhadap Sumber Berita Tradisional dan Modern

People interaction has changed along with internet development. Digital news (internet-based) is beginning to alter classical ones. The development of social media and other digital platforms is a result of the Internet development. Reading comprehension and audience skills are undoubtedly impacted by this, particularly for Generation Z because of shifting preferences for news-based-content consumption. By comparing Generation Z's preferences for classical and digital news sources, this study aims to comprehend the trends of news consumption in the digital age. This study used a quantitative approach using a descriptive methodology by employing a valid and reliable questionnaire to collect data that were then randomly distributed to 85 communication science students in semesters 2, 4, 6, and 8. The study's findings explain why communication science students do not vary significantly from other Generation Z students in terms of their preferences for news sources or how they consume them. However, since they study communication science, they are more astute when consuming news from contemporary sources that often include false information or aren't grounded in reality.

MUHAMMAD ASAD'S DESIGN OF AN ISLAMIC STATE IN POST-COLONIAL PAKISTAN

The paper aims to highlight Muhammad Asad’s epistemological postulate on Islamic politics as reflected in his works on Islamic state. It seeks to address these fundamental problems: what is the legal basis that support and establish Asad’s position of founding an Islamic state? and how could this idea fairly accommodates with the prevailing notion of nation state in post-colonial context. Thus, the study set forth to find the answers based on such range of objectives: to analyse the underlying ideas of Islamic state as advocated in the classical sources, to define the basic constitutional framework as developed by Asad in the context of historical Pakistan, to estimate the implication of implementing Islamic law and its impact on the global politics and its compatibility with international law. In this regards, Asad had formulated the constitutional ideas of Islamic state whose constitution contains the provision of Islamic law that practiced and implemented the norms stated in the Divine Writ. This ideas was partly enshrined in the Pakistan constitutional law whose political establishment was formed in 1947. The paper essentially discussed Muhammad Asad’s political ideas and its underlying philosophy as espoused in his works. The study conducted based on qualitative approaches of the type of library research. The data were analysed by way of descriptive, analytical and comparative technique. The finding shows that Muhammad Asad had formulated comprehensive theoretical framework of legal aspect of Islamic governance drawn up from the fundamental principle and doctrine of the shariah, and its moral norms deriving from the explicit Qur’anic and sunnah text, while also advocating democratic ideals and principles based on conventional practice and requirement of modern context of nation state. Based on this main finding, it is concluded that Islamic teaching and its spiritual norms were compatible with democratic ideal and values of human right, participatory and constitutional government as implemented in the democratic space of Pakistan.

Aesthetic Grounds and Practice of Screen Adaptations of Theatrical Productions in the Light of Film and Television Language in the 1970s

The aesthetic grounds and methods of screen adaptation of theatrical performances in the context of film and television art in the USSR in the 1970s are investigated in the article as well as the influence of film and television technologies on the theatrical genre, the peculiarities of the adaptation of stage performances to the cinematographic and television environment. Attention is also paid to the revealing the peculiarities of cinematographic art as a synthetic phenomenon and its interaction with the theatrical tradition. These issues are considered in the context of the cultural and political realities of the USSR of that period, highlighting the relationship between aesthetic searches and ideological attitudes of the era. In general, a deep and systematic understanding of the process of film adaptation of theatrical performances within the framework of Soviet cinema and television art of the 1970s is submitted in the article. Since the films of this period become a time of development of existential problems of human life. The typical life of a Soviet person recedes into the background, instead, the basis of the plot becomes the search for peace of the soul, its urges for freedom, which usually unfolds against the background of something insignificant. Unlike the adaptations of literary works, when ”current ideological content” is imposed on classical original sources, adaptations of the best plays of leading Ukrainian theaters have offered perfect art, introduced a wide audience to the achievements of stage masters. But the screen adaptation of the performance is a fixation of one staging, which, of course, is shown unchanged on movie screens. The play cannot remain as it is conceived from the very beginning, and therefore gradually it has started to transform itself according to the requirements of television. However, such transformations are not always successful either. This is the beginning of the creation of a kind of the average genre between cinema and theater, which wished for better, because the aesthetic content of such a specific genre has remained opened.

Circularly Polarized Luminescence Without External Magnetic Fields from Individual CsPbBr3 Perovskite Quantum Dots.

Lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs), the latest generation of the colloidal QD family, exhibit outstanding optical properties, which are now exploited as both classical and quantum light sources. Most of their rather exceptional properties are related to the peculiar exciton fine-structure of band-edge states, which can support unique bright triplet excitons. The degeneracy of the bright triplet excitons is lifted with energetic splitting in the order of millielectronvolts, which can be resolved by the photoluminescence (PL) measurements of single QDs at cryogenic temperatures. Each bright exciton fine-structure-state (FSS) exhibits a dominantly linear polarization, in line with several theoretical models based on the sole crystal field, exchange interaction, and shape anisotropy. Here, we show that in addition to a high degree of linear polarization, the individual exciton FSS can exhibit a non-negligible degree of circular polarization even without external magnetic fields by investigating the four Stokes parameters of the exciton fine-structure in individual CsPbBr3 QDs through Stokes polarimetric measurements. We observe a degree of circular polarization up to ∼38%, which could not be detected by using the conventional polarimetric technique. In addition, we found a consistent transition from left- to right-hand circular polarization within the fine-structure triplet manifold, which was observed in magnetic-field-dependent experiments. Our optical investigation provides deeper insights into the nature of the exciton fine structures and thereby drives the yet-incomplete understanding of the unique photophysical properties of this class of QDs for the benefit of future applications in chiral quantum optics.

International Political Dynamics and Islamic Jurisprudence: Understanding the Roots of Terrorism

This paper critically examines the intricate challenges involved in defining terrorism, emphasizing the political instrumentalization of Islam as a perceived threat. It delves into the multifaceted nature of terrorism by exploring various definitions and the underlying political motivations. The study then transitions to an in-depth analysis of Islamic jurisprudence's unequivocal stance against violence and terrorism, highlighting the consistent and unanimous condemnation by Islamic scholars. By scrutinizing the ethical principles that govern warfare in Islam, including the protection of non-combatants and the conditions under which violence is permissible, the paper offers a nuanced and comprehensive perspective on how Islamic teachings fundamentally oppose terrorism. This analysis is supported by references to primary Islamic texts (Quran and Hadith) and classical jurisprudential sources, ensuring a thorough understanding of Islamic legal principles. Furthermore, the paper addresses the broader socio-political implications of framing Islam as synonymous with terrorism. It examines the impact of this narrative on public perceptions, policy-making, and the rise of Islamophobia. The study also considers the strategic motivations behind this framing, particularly in the context of post-9/11 geopolitical dynamics and the subsequent "War on Terror." This paper aims to explore Islamic teachings that prohibit violence and terrorism, the debates among Islamic scholars regarding the punishment for such acts, and the geopolitical motivations behind portraying Islam as a threat. By doing so, it seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the impact of this framing on international relations, public perceptions, and counter-terrorism strategies. The paper concludes with a set of strategic recommendations aimed at promoting accurate representations of Islam. These recommendations emphasize the importance of nuanced and informed public discourse, the role of educational initiatives in dispelling myths and stereotypes, and the need for collaborative international efforts to enhance global counter-terrorism strategies. Additionally, the paper calls for fostering international cooperation to address the root causes of terrorism, such as political repression, socio-economic inequalities, and foreign interventions, thereby promoting a more just and peaceful global order.

Decentralized energy management of DC microgrids with PV, wind, BES, and fuel cell

Amidst the evolving energy landscape, there are an increasing demand for sustainability. With the global embrace of renewable sources such as wind and solar power, the urgency for innovative energy management solutions intensifies. This paper presents an energy management system tailored for a decentralized DC Micro-grid catering to a 10 kW DC load. The microgrid combining diverse renewable energy sources incorporating solar panels, wind turbines, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and a fuel cell serving as an emergency backup solution. The control strategy deployed for efficient operation is a PI cascade control approach. However, to optimize the performance of the controller, the parameter gains of the PI controller are enhanced using a metaheuristic algorithm, specifically the Genetic Algorithm (GA). The proposed system aims to garantuate a reliable and stable power supply to the DC load while maximizing the utilization of renewable energy sources, minimization hydrogen consumption and decreasing reliance on classical grid source. The effectiveness of the proposed energy management system is validated across simulation studies using MATLAB Simulink under various operating scenarios. These scenarios comprise serval environmental conditions, load profiles, and renewable energy availability. The simulation results demonstrate the capability of the system to efficiently manage power flow and enhance overall system performance in decentralized DC microgrid environments.

Consumer Boycotts and Jurisprudential Challenges Related to Identifying Its Legal Cause (‘İllah)

Recently, consumer boycott has been used as an economic weapon and a tool of passive resistance. There are several dimensions to consumer boycott, which serves as a means for Muslim communities to assert their will and make their voices heard. This study primarily examines the legal (fiqh) justifications for consumer boycott. The main objective of the study is to identify the reasons (causes) that lead Muslims to engage in consumer boycott. In addition, a secondary objective of our study is to present the problems that may arise in issuing fatwas in relation to the identified causes and abiding by the consequences of these causes. The qualitative analysis method was used to achieve the objective of the study. The analysis was largely carried out using literature and content analysis techniques. Classical jurisprudential principles (uṣūl al-fiqh), principles of issuing fatwas (uṣūl al-iftā), consideration of consequences (i’tibār al-ma’ālāt) and principles of Islamic governance (al-siyāsah al-shar’iyyah) were also highlighted in the research methodology. According to our findings, the concept of boycott is not commonly found in classical jurisprudential sources. The rulings on boycott are more implicitly addressed in issues regulating commercial relations with non-Muslims. As far as contemporary literature is concerned, there are numerous studies on Muslim consumer boycott from different perspectives. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding the identification of the cause of boycott. As a result, four causes of boycott have been identified: 'disrespect for Muslim dignity', 'insulting religious values', 'supporting the enemy in a state of war with Muslims', and 'political interests and general welfare of Muslims'. Some issues related to the practical application of these grounds are also discussed. In addition, the author raises the question of whether threatening the halal and healthy nutrition of Muslim communities is a reason for boycott and suggests it as a topic for further research.