Tourist Class Research Articles

Оптимизация формы крыла и выбор рациональных параметров траектории многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

The article considers solving the interrelated problems of wing shape optimization and synthesis of the re-entry trajectory control law for the reusable spacecraft of tourist class. To ensure a high aerodynamic quality of the wing, increase its bearing properties, as well as improve the maneuverability and controllability of the spacecraft as a whole, the wing shape has been optimized for sub- and supersonic flight modes. The problem of minimizing the wing area is solved for subsonic flight speed while ensuring the level of lift sufficient for landing, with the introduction of restrictions on the minimum wing sweep angle. For supersonic flight speed, maximization of the aerodynamic quality of the wing is used as an objective function. The length and taper of the wing, leading-edge sweep angle, the size of the root and tip chords, and the position of the wing relative to the fuselage were chosen as variables. For the wing shape selected on the basis of the parametric analysis, the calculation of the dependences of the spacecraft aerodynamic coefficients on the Mach number, used for selecting a rational program for the descent control in the atmosphere, was carried out. The choice of a rational control program is made with restrictions on the level of overloads, kinetic pressure and maximum heat flux.

Numerical simulation and experimental validation of effective thermal conductivity coefficient of hexagonal aramid honeycomb used in wing skin of tourist class reusable spaceplane

Lightweight aramid honeycombs are promising cores for sandwich structures in aerospace applications due to their high specific properties. The determination of the in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of the aramid honeycomb is a sophisticated problem due to combined heat transfer inside the honeycomb cell. The aim of the present study is to investigate the thermal conductivity of aramid honeycomb core used in the wing structure of the suborbital tourist class spaceplane via heat transfer modelling of the representative volume element of the material. The analytical and experimental methodology is developed to validate the results of numerical modelling. The methodology includes the experimental obtaining of time dependences of the thermal conductivity coefficients of the wing skin element on the contact heating installation. The subsequent solution of the inverse heat conduction problem is followed by finding in-plane and through-plane thermal conductivity of honeycomb core. Overall, the experimental results have a good agreement with the numerical simulations. The findings in this study provide an important foundation for the subsequent thermal and structural design of the spaceplane wing.

Tourists’ preferences for hotel booking

Abstract This paper analyzes tourists’ preferences for hotel booking mode using a sample of 17,921 tourists visiting a Northern Spanish region during 2005–2016. Four different booking modes are considered: telephone, the internet, travel agency and other non-market-based intermediaries. We estimate a Finite Mixture Multinomial Logit Model that allows us to define three classes of tourists. Our results show that leisure tourists coming from distant locations and lodged at luxury hotels have higher likelihood of online hotel booking in class 1. Travel agencies are preferred by offseason tourists with longer stays, while those travelling by public transit modes and staying at luxury hotels opt for non-market-based intermediaries in class 2. In class 3, first-time tourists choose the internet, telephone is more prevalent among those staying at economy hotels and travel agencies are preferred among those travelling in the offseason and by public transit modes.

Evaluation the complex of thermal properties for epoxy-based GFRP used in wing of tourist class reusable space vehicle

In general, the prediction the effective properties of fiber reinforced composites is a complicated task due to its heterogeneous properties. Therefore, new approaches can make possible obtaining of the reliable thermal properties of composites with least time and financial costs. This work presents the approach for determination of thermal properties of epoxy-based glass fiber reinforced composites. Firstly, to evaluate the thermal behavior of considered material the numerical modeling was conducted via finite element analysis in commercial software MSC Digimat. To validate the model, two-stage experimental study was carried out. As the result of the experimental research thermal conductivity through-plane was obtained by laser flash method as well as thermal conductivity in-plane – by specialized heat equipment developed in Bauman University with subsequent solution of the inverse heat conduction problem. Summing up, the analytical and experimental data showed good agreement that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach.

The Impact of Blockchain on Medical Tourism

Medical tourism has witnessed significant growth over the last decade. By combining healthcare services with tourism and hospitality, this nascent sector creates a new tourist class with access to affordable healthcare services. Information technology is an essential factor, which can enable the growth of medical tourism. Technology enables the search process for information about the available services, costs, hospitality, tourism and post-treatment options. However, these technologies are primarily legacy systems and lack interoperability. Several questions arise, including the ability of the potential patient-tourist to verify crucial factors such as the quality of care and the credentials of the medical professionals and medical facilities. Moreover, questions arise regarding patient-doctor trust, procedure and risk transparency‚ medical record privacy and other health-related hazards in specific procedures. In this conceptual paper, we investigate the potential benefits of Blockchain technology to address some of the open questions in medical tourism. We conclude that Blockchain technology can benefit medical tourism, and we lay the foundation for future research.

Coupled CFD-based Shape Optimization of a Wing of Reusable Space Vehicle of Tourist Class

This article proposes an approach to two-stage shape optimization of the wing of tourist class reusable space vehicle. To achieve appropriate lift and drag force levels, CFD-based optimization methods in combination with geometric parametrisation was applied. During the first stage, the optimization focuses on reduction of wing square and providing required velocity during vehicle’s landing. In this case, for improving the aerodynamic and mass characteristics five geometric design variables were used. The second stage of optimization emphasis on drag force minimization in order to enhance the wing shape in assigned design area by means of adjoint discrete method.

Is the reusable tableware the best option? Analysis of the aviation catering sector with a life cycle approach

Annually, around 7.7 billion passengers travel by plane. The menus served during the flight are quite similar between different airlines and are composed of the food itself, packaging (paper envelopes, film, etc.) and tableware (mainly trays, plates, glasses, cups and cutlery). In 2016, 1522 tonnes of tourist class menus were served in Iberia aircrafts landing at Madrid Barajas airport in Spain. From this amount, 51% by weight was packaging and tableware, and the remaining 49% food. As changes in the food has little room for maneuver, since the same amount would be delivered regardless how it is served, this study focus on the possibilities of packaging and tableware to reduce GHG emissions. The assessment has been done using life cycle assessment methodology (LCA) in order to identify the hotspots along the whole life cycle of packaging and tableware items. The case study chosen was the catering service of Iberia, the national airline of Spain. The functional unit used was “the service of 1,000 tourist class menus on Iberia flights that landed in Madrid in 2016”.The results show that the impacts of reusable and single use items take place at different stages of their life cycles. For reusable ones, 76% of the impact is produced during the flight phase, meanwhile, for single use ones, 53% of the impact comes from the production stage.Variables such as material, weight and the number of reuses can greatly influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. From the results of the analysis some eco-design strategies has been proposed and analysed. The paper reveals that the lighter single-use packaging and tableware for airline catering are less harmful under a life cycle perspective become.

Hybrid composites in reusable space vehicles wing structures

The study is dedicated to the solution of a complex problem – development of an optimal thermal design of the tourist class reusable space vehicle (RSV TC) wing structure. The complexity of the problem resides in the necessity to consider critical factors of the suborbital flight and in a number of nesting tasks,that need to be solved. The authors implemented a multiscale modeling approach covering design of hybrid composite material thermal properties (i.e. mesoscale level), determination of thermal loads and thermal state analysis of a composite wing (i.e. macroscale and structural scale levels). Analysis of thermal fields demonstrated the necessity of thermal protection (TP) application for the wing structure. Consequently, optimal from the weight efficiency point of view TP thicknesses were determined. Summing up, the results of a RSV TC wing structure development are presented in the current paper.

Distinction and omnivorousness in tourists’ food consumption

This study investigates tourists’ cultural tastes in food by applying the sociological theory of cultural distinction and omnivorousness. The consumption of food by Chinese tourists in their travels across Spain is analyzed, with the fieldwork being conducted in Spain. Semi-structured interview was used to collect data about tourists’ food tastes. The results show that distinctive and omnivorous tastes in food coexist, but differently across tourist groups. Snobbish tourists regarded exotic food as distinctive and legitimate, and undervalued familiar food. Omnivorous tourists held a more equal and inclusive attitude towards both exotic and familiar foods. The omnivorous tourists’ openness to familiar food involved many utilitarian purposes. The research results have implications for future research on cultural tastes of tourist class, and destination marketing and management.

Ciudades de vacaciones de Educación y Descanso: cuando la clase obrera española se hizo turista.

The paper is based on a socio-economic context of slow and progressive acquisition of the rights of a Spanish working class that, detached from nature after the episode known as rural exodus, began to demand its share of summer rest from the industrial cities where it developed its activity. The text proposes to analyze the role played by the State in response to this demand by presenting the work of the Trade Union Work Education and Rest, especially with the execution of their holiday cities as a turning point prior to the arrival of mass tourism in Spain. Therefore, we conducted a study to verify the scope of this state initiative in terms of supply and demand by the working class, while analyzing the three cases of study materialized as one of the proposals of the State for the re-connection between nature and this emerging tourist class.

OPERATION COSTS IN HIGH-SPEED RAIL TRANSPORTATION

For the English abstract and full text of the article please see the attached PDF-File (English version follows Russian version). ABSTRACT The author puts forward some ideas and drfat methods regarding future HSR in Russia, e.g. proposes a methodology for calculating the annual operating costs per 1 train-kilometer that arise when traffic is organized on Moscow-Kazan high-speed rail, depending on the speed and the main resistivity to train movement. Taking into account the coefficient of comfort and on the basis of the multi-criteria choice for an optimum composition of a train, a composition consisting of 12 cars of four classes (one first class car, two business class cars, four economic and five tourist class) with a capacity of 742 passengers was adopted as author’s project suggestion. The dimensions of movement of high-speed trains on HSR are determined, actual data, as well as possible tariffs for fare in cars of various classes, are involved in calculations. The part of conditionally-constant expenses is justified, operational expenses are calculated. The revenue and profits from the sale of tickets were calculated with full mastering of the planned passenger flow. The costs for 1 passenger and 1 passenger-kilometer are shown. Keywords: transport, high-speed railways, high-speed trains, traffic organization, operating costs calculation technique, train composition, passenger flow.

Оптимизация структуры гибридного композиционного материала для обшивки крыла многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Оптимизация структуры гибридного композиционного материала для обшивки крыла многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Тепловое проектирование обшивки крыла многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Тепловое проектирование обшивки крыла многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Разработка программы расчета параметров траектории суборбитального многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Разработка программы расчета параметров траектории суборбитального многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Discovering and Understanding City Events with Big Data: The Case of Rome

The increasing availability of large amounts of data and digital footprints has given rise to ambitious research challenges in many fields, which spans from medical research, financial and commercial world, to people and environmental monitoring. Whereas traditional data sources and census fail in capturing actual and up-to-date behaviors, Big Data integrate the missing knowledge providing useful and hidden information to analysts and decision makers. With this paper, we focus on the identification of city events by analyzing mobile phone data (Call Detail Record), and we study and evaluate the impact of these events over the typical city dynamics. We present an analytical process able to discover, understand and characterize city events from Call Detail Record, designing a distributed computation to implement Sociometer, that is a profiling tool to categorize phone users. The methodology provides an useful tool for city mobility manager to manage the events and taking future decisions on specific classes of users, i.e., residents, commuters and tourists.

Service Value Assessment in Emerging Chain Restaurants in Nairobi Kenya

Traditionally, Kenya’s restaurants have in the past largely depended on international tourists for the main stay of their business. With the earlier steady growth of Tourism in the 1980s, these restaurants registered very good business, also supported by the fact that there were only a handful of restaurants that could be considered as ‘tourist class’. However, tourist arrivals in Kenya began to face serious challenges in the 1990s. Simultaneously, more serious restaurant ventures made market entry, especially within the capital city of Nairobi. It has been acclaimed that the prices charged for local hospitality services have not worked well to support it. As this takes place, questions have been asked as to whether these new investments have introduced product and service quality that is worth the price that they charge for the same. It was against the argument that is developing above that this study carried out a value assessment amongst the emerging chain restaurants in Nairobi city. The study sought to establish the part played by restaurants in building destination competitiveness through quality service offer and value pricing. A series of chain restaurants operating in Nairobi were identified all together with the specific unit and outlets that they operate. The customers in these restaurants were conveniently sampled and interviewed to inform this study of their perceptual judgment of service and value. The data was then be analyzed and interpreted to establish the extent to which these customers approve of service and value and how this can influence Kenya’s destination competitiveness, both for domestic and international tourists. The assessment of customer expectation and perception resulted in a four factor construct. An assessment of service quality led to the identification of the critical latent variables that leads to customer attraction and satisfaction in restaurants. An evaluation of prices charged indicated that price is a critical component in value assessment amongst customers.

Обоснование выбора материалов для крыла суборбитального многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Обоснование выбора материалов для крыла суборбитального многоразового космического аппарата туристического класса

Modeling tourists' length of stay: does one Model fit all?

Examining the individual heterogeneity of tourists is fundamental to providing insights on tourist market segmentation, targeting potential markets and niches, and proposing suitable marketing strategies. However, most past studies failed to incorporate this individual heterogeneity in an integral way. This study utilizes a latent class duration model to investigate the latent segments of tourists regarding the preference of length of stay (LOS) in a destination. The study unveils a substantial amount of latent heterogeneity across the sample, and our empirical results identify two latent classes of tourists, namely short-duration and long-duration tourists. These classes share distinct LOS preferences, and information sources and travel partners have no significant influences in predicting the LOS of short-duration tourists. Therefore, the “one-fit-all” solution from the conventional duration model could be misleading, and this highlighted heterogeneity provides destination marketing organizations (DMOs) with the incentive to segment the tourists and offer specific tourism products and bundles.

Современные тенденции развития российского рынка туристских услуг в контексте сервисизации мировой экономики

The article describes the current economic trends development services sector through the effective economic development paradigms prism: from industrial-oriented to service-oriented, when it’s impossible to provide the high-tech and knowledge-intensive industries accelerating development, without the consumer industries complex of public goods and services providing development. The life quality improving and human interest to the new impressions had provided the growth of committed travels. Under the world economics consumer psychology changes, from the second half of the XX century, the world has witnessed the rapid development of global and national tourism markets. However, the Russian national market of tourist services lags behind the world´s leading tourism industry and shows a slow growth. The huge territory, underdevelopment supporting infrastructure, lack of tourist class hotels lead to the fact that the development of the tourism sector in the country is extremely uneven and has a point character. Moreover, in 2014 the Russian market of tourist services was recognized as opaque. A large number of limiting factors hinder the development of domestic tourism in Russia, in this regards, the international tourism in our country is developing primarily with a focus on travel. At the science point of view, the management decisions in any economics sphere, even if in tourist market developing, have to be based on the current status and forecasts of market development study and analysis. Due to this reasons, the considered in this article information about current trends in the Russian national tourism market has a high relevance.

Can we still dream?

Air transport operations and aircraft design are currently governed by incremental improvements. Before the year 2000 once every 16 years there was a step change in civil aircraft design, often as a result of external factors like military aircraft developments or the increase of oil prices after 1972. Step changes are seldom due to business or technological developments within the system itself. The introduction of the tourist class travel in the early 1950's and the new low cost carriers are one of the few examples of a step change in aviation based on market developments as such. The basic concept of airports has not changed since the 1930s, air traffic management is still based on concepts out of the same year, new aircraft look like the first generation of civil jets etc. Is the sector mature and do we still need technological research that is governed by the law of diminishing returns? Can the sector find answers to new challenges that lay ahead? Just to mention a few: environmental pressures often leading to curtailing of air transport; the availability, accessibility and pricing of oil; scarce materials; focus on customer orientation and multi modal solutions; competition from new countries like China and India that experience high growth rates and can spend far more money on R&D to become leading aviation countries. Are we looking for creative solutions for long term problems and are we stimulating the younger generation to think out of the box to enable a totally different air transport system in 2050? Initial analysis shows that the education systems do not sufficiently stimulate creative thinking by the new generation. During the EU sponsored Out of the Box (in 2006) and CREATE project (in 2010) the author together with Trevor Truman experimented with mechanisms to stimulate creative thinking through dedicated workshops and result assessments. They invited experts to add new ideas to a number of ideas the author presented at the ACARE Aerodays in 2005. The results were encouraging although perhaps a few percent of all 130 ideas generated seem to be promising in the end. These ideas relate to both the overall air transport system, the different elements of that system and breakthrough technologies. The CREATE project recommended to the European Commission to continue the initiatives to generate novel ideas and to enable funding for incubation of the most promising ones. New ideas need to be formulated. These do not always need to be fundamentally new but can be based on ideas from the past that were not followed up for example due to the limited technological knowledge at the time of invention. But humans may resist and are afraid of change. An example is the idea of air taxi and regional air transport operations in Europe. Instead of emphasizing the possible benefits, people will stress the possible negative elements like increased noise around regional airports. Whilst using the argument of safety, many novel ideas are killed at an early stage. In that sense, regulation is often a barrier for innovation. There is a need to intensify the search for novel ideas. Universities will have a major task in this process as the industry and research establishments are more and more short term oriented. Creative thinking processes will therefore need to be a permanent element of the university curricula.