Class Of Farmers Research Articles

The Solution to the Land Issue in GyeongseYupyo and the Status of the Scholar and Farmer Classes

The Solution to the Land Issue in GyeongseYupyo and the Status of the Scholar and Farmer Classes

Challenges of Smallholder Farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective from Roger Thurow's, The Last Hunger Season

Small holder farmers are the small-scale farmers who own the land from one hectare to less than ten hectares. These farmers often depend on the family labour for farming activities, and a significant portion of their production is used to support their own livelihoods. Africa is a region where eighty percent of the farmland is cultivated and food is produced by small holders, yet they face multiple obstacles in sustaining their routine. The death rate of children is increasing due to poverty and malnutrition. Major challenges include the lack of sustainable agricultural practices, insufficient planting techniques, inadequate access to fertilizers and markets, water scarcity, and the impacts of climate change. The author aims to raise awareness about global hunger and the importance of long-term viability and economic development. He delves into the lives of small farmers, revealing the complexities of market failures, food insecurity, and the inability to access modern agricultural tools. The author also highlights the efforts of organizations and initiatives, such as One Acre Fund, which provide farmers with high-quality seeds and fertilizers on credit, and require them to attend local farming classes. This paper focuses on the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in Africa, as depicted by Roger Thurow in "The Last Hunger Season”. The objective of the study is to emphasize the need for awareness and policy interventions, including family planning and literacy programs, to empower rural communities, achieve food security and improve economic resilience in the face of population growth and agricultural challenges.

The social reproduction of (and through) food: Agrarian change in Uzbekistan

AbstractFood systems—and the interplay between food production, marketisation and access—are constituent elements of the social reproduction of life. Using a social reproduction framework, this paper problematises the ontological, epistemological and methodological premises of food system studies in agrarian change. Based on primary data collected during multiple rounds of fieldwork in rural Uzbekistan and adopting mixed methods, it offers a triple contribution. First, it assesses the inequalities of food security and dietary diversity among different classes of farmers and agrarian wage workers. Along these lines, it argues that individualised food security indicators do not unveil the systemic determinants that explain unequal patterns of social reproduction through nutrition during processes of agrarian marketisation. To move beyond individual‐based theorisations, it extends the investigation to state policies, market drivers and gender norms in relation to food knowledge, provision, affordability and availability. In so doing, it unpacks the contradictions that explain the uneven conditions of social reproduction of (and through) food. Finally, by investigating the modalities of access and availability of ultra‐processed food in rural areas, it reflects on the tensions between the capitalist global food system and its interaction with the logics of state‐led development to maintain the social reproduction of rural life.

Evaluating ecosystem protection and fragmentation of the world's major mountain regions.

Conserving mountains is important for protecting biodiversity because they have high beta diversity and endemicity, facilitate species movement, and provide numerous ecosystem benefits for people. Mountains are often thought to have lower levels of human modification and contain more protected area than surrounding lowlands. To examine this, we compared biogeographic attributes of the largest, contiguous, mountainous region on each continent. In each region, we generated detailed ecosystems based on Köppen-Geiger climate regions, ecoregions, and detailed landforms. We quantified anthropogenic fragmentation of these ecosystems based on human modification classes of large wild areas, shared lands, and cities and farms. Human modification for half the mountainous regions approached the global average, and fragmentation reduced the ecological integrity of mountain ecosystems up to 40%. Only one-third of the major mountainous regions currently meet the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework target of 30% coverage for all protected areas; furthermore, the vast majority of ecosystem types present in mountains were underrepresented in protected areas. By measuring ecological integrity and human-caused fragmentation with a detailed representation of mountain ecosystems, our approach facilitates tracking progress toward achieving conservation goals and better informs mountain conservation.

Mapping of the Susceptibility of Colombian Musaceae Lands to a Deadly Disease: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) (Syn. Fusarium odoratissimum) is a devastating soil-borne pathogen that infects the roots of banana plants and causes Fusarium wilt disease. Colombia is one of the world’s leading banana producers; therefore, new uncontrolled outbreaks could have serious consequences. Despite this, little is known about the susceptibility of Musaceae lands in Colombia to Foc TR4. This work presents a pioneering study on the susceptibility of Colombian soils to Foc TR4. For this, a study was carried out to characterize climatic, edaphic, and density factors of Musaceae productive systems at the Colombian level, articulated with expert criteria to map and define areas with different levels of susceptibility to Foc R4T. These criteria are typically selected based on the existing scientific literature, consultation with domain experts, and consideration of established methods for assessing soil health and disease susceptibility in Musaceae plantations. By joining the analyzed susceptibility factors, differentiated areas were generated that imply a greater or lesser predisposition to the disease. Subsequently, a validation of the classification was made with Random Forest. The results indicate that at the level of climate, soil, and farm density as a fit factor, practically 50% of the cultivated territory of Musaceae are areas high and very highly susceptible to the pathogen (572,000 km2). The results showed that from the total Musaceae area, Antioquia, Bolívar, Chocó, and Santander turned out to be the departments with the highest proportion of very high susceptibility class of the production farms. The analysis of Random Forest classification performance shows that the model has a relatively low out-of-bag (OOB) error rate (0.023). The study on the susceptibility is highly novel and original, as it represents the first systematic investigation of Foc TR4 susceptibility in Colombian soils. This paper provides important insights into the susceptibility of Musaceae lands in Colombia to Foc TR4. The study highlights the need for ongoing monitoring, containment, and control measures to prevent the spread of this deadly pathogen and protect Colombia’s important banana industry.

Lexical analysis improves the identification of contextual drivers and farm typologies in the assessment of transitions to agroecology through TAPE – A case study from rural Nicaragua

CONTEXTThe Tool for Agroecological Performance Evaluation (TAPE) has been developed to assess the degree of transition to agroecology (Step 1) and the agroecological performance (Step 2) of family farms. However, while methods and indicators for Steps 1 and 2 are well established, the phases of system characterization (Step 0) and the delineation of typologies (Step 1-bis) are not prescribed nor standardised. This results in highly heterogeneous, unstructured and narrative information, subject to the background of the field enumerator. Analytical methods are needed to deal with these, in order to arrive at relevant domains of recommendations for policy and development. OBJECTIVEWe assessed whether lexical analysis improves the ability of TAPE to elucidate: i) how household characteristics and contextual factors influence such agroecological transitions, ii) whether a high degree of transition to agroecology (Step 1) translates into better agroecological performances (Step 2), and iii) whether data from Step 0 could improve the delineation of transition typologies. METHODSWe considered 29 rural households located in separate localities across three regions of Nicaragua and analysed the results of applying TAPE to assess their agroecological transition and performance, combining descriptive and lexical analysis. Iramuteq software was used for lexical analysis, including descendent hierarchical classification by Reinert's method and co-occurrence networks. A corpus text based on information provided by desk review and unstructured interviews during Step 0 was used for system description and identification of context variables; while a matrix of categorical variables based on data from Steps 1, 2 and 0 was used to identify agroecological transition typologies. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONSLexical analysis allowed to summarize data, describe farm systems and identify context drivers (Step 0) and patterns from highly heterogeneous, subjective information. The assessment of agroecological transition (Step 1) and performance (Step 2) indicates that the farms studied were at least in transition to agroecology. Farm-level indicators of agroecological transition were more advanced than community-level indicators. Using Reinert's method we identified two main groups, that cluster seven classes of farms, representing different policy and development intervention targets. The differences detected between farms managed by women or men highlight the relevance of including gender perspective on TAPE analyses. SIGNIFICANCEWe show that lexical analysis was useful to deal with unstructured, narrative data describing systems and contexts, and for identifying agroecology recommendation domains based on local actors's perspectives.

KONTESTASI PARADIGMA EKOLOGI POLITIK DALAM KONFLIK AGRARIA

The agrarian conflict occurred in Kintapura Village, Kintap District, Tanah Laut Regency. This study aims to analyze the agrarian conflict by using the perspective of conflict and contestation of the political ecology paradigm. This study uses a qualitative research method with a case study approach. Data collection techniques used were participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the agrarian conflict has made the village an arena for contesting the political ecology paradigm and has had an impact on the existence of unsustainable natural resource management. The eco-developmentalism paradigm in the form of coal mines and oil palm plantations; the eco-conservationism paradigm through the policy of designating convertible production forest areas (HPK); and, people's livelihood as a manifestation of the eco-populist paradigm. The existence of these three paradigms in the management of natural resources has given rise to agrarian conflicts. Natural resource management policies are dominated by the class that has power, namely the owners of capital (the bourgeoisie) and landlords represented by coal mining companies and oil palm plantations. The ruling class then influences policy makers who use their political power in establishing natural resource management policies through the camouflage of eco-conservationism policies, namely the designation of convertible production forest areas (HPK). The class that suffered the most was the farming class which lost its land under management and gave birth to a new class, namely farm laborers and poor farmers.

ANALISIS PERUBAHAN TUTUPAN LAHAN DI SUB DAS TOILI KABUPATEN BANGGAI

Land conversion or land cover cange is a change in the function of part or all of a land area from its original function (according to plan) to another function that causes negative impacts (problems) on the environment and the potential of the land itself. The research aims to analyze changes in land cover over a period of ten years with Landsat 8 imagery in 2013 and 2022 and to analyze changes in land cover in the Toili sub-basin, Banggai Regency. This study uses guided image analysis (supervised). Land cover classes in the Toili sub-watershed are divided into 9 (nine) land cover classes, namely, secondary dryland forest, settlements, plantations, dryland agriculture, paddy fields, shrubs, open land, bodies of water, and clouds. From the test of accuracy or precision of the results of loss of satellite imagery with the guided classification method (Supervised) has an accuracy level of 88.54%. The results of the analysis show that the largest increase in area is in the plantation class while the largest decrease in area is in the dry land farming class, this is the impact of activities carried out by the local community.

Automation and efficiency: A latent class analysis of Irish dairy farms

AbstractAutomation has always played a significant role in the productivity and efficiency of agriculture. This paper explores the role of automation on farms' technical efficiency (TE) in an expanding dairy sector. We use a representative sample of Irish dairy farms that includes detailed data on automated technologies. We apply a latent class stochastic frontier model to assess technology heterogeneity amongst Irish dairy farms to obtain their TE scores. We identify two classes of farms: smaller, less intensive and larger, and more intensive farms. We find significant differences between the classes in relation to farm characteristics, input use, labour efficiency, and TE scores. Larger, more intensive farms produce closer to their stochastic frontier. Our findings also suggest that automation has a heterogeneous effect on farms' TE depending on farms' classification. Specifically, adopting automated cluster removers and scrapers is associated with higher TE on smaller, less intensive farms. In contrast, automated parlour feeders are positively associated with larger, more intensive farms' TE. Finally, the implications of adopting automated technologies on Irish farms are discussed.

Interdependence between Energy Cost and Financial Situation of the EU Agricultural Farms—Towards the Implementation of the Bioeconomy

The concept of a bioeconomy can be an opportunity for agricultural and rural development. The objective of this research is to identify groups of family farms which are able to implement the principles of this new development model based on a bioeconomy and to reduce operating costs, especially energy. The time scope of this study covers the period 2004–2020. The data source is the Farm Accountancy Data Network. On the basis of the values of output, family farm income, cash flow, net investment and total inputs (including energy costs), the classes of family farms are indicated. The ranking is based on geographical criteria and the results of panel data models with fixed effects which measure the relationship between energy costs and production, income, cash flow and net investment according to the economic size of the family farm. The results obtained are discussed within the framework of recommendations of the European Commission.

Crop diversity and farm income: evidence from a large-scale national survey

PurposeThis study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of crop diversification in increasing the income of farm households. In addition, this study introduces the impact of natural disasters in the analysis to determine how diversification helps mitigate the negative effect of disasters on farm income. More importantly, the study also analyses the effect of diversification on farm income by farm class to see where the benefits of diversification are concentrated.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a linear model, in which agricultural income is expressed as a function of diversification, natural disasters and several control variables. Diversification is measured using the Simpson index of diversification. The linear model is enhanced with the inclusion of an interaction term of natural disasters with the diversification index to shed light on the role of diversification in negating their harmful effect on agricultural income. Finally, to analyze the impact of institutional variables on farm income, the interactions of diversification with irrigation, insurance, usage of technical information and formal training are incorporated in the linear model.FindingsThe study highlights the importance of demographic, farm and institutional variables in raising farm income. The study suggests that an increase in education level, irrigation, usage of technical information and possession of Kisan Credit Card (KCC) have a positive impact on agricultural income. The study reveals that crop diversification has a positive impact on farm income and the benefits of diversification are conditioned by institutional factors. Thus, there is a need for policy intervention to ensure increased irrigation facilities along with extension services to provide information to the farm households. It has been found that small farmers gain more from crop diversification than larger farmers. Furthermore, the results show that natural disasters negatively impact farm income, but their impact can be mitigated by higher levels of diversification.Originality/valueThe results of the study are based on the recent unit-level data from the 77th Round of the National Sample Survey Office survey. The survey covers a large number of farm households and reports information for the year 2018–2019.

Beef farming: farmers’ strategies in the Grand Cheliff plains of Algeria

Abstract. Beef production is an important activity in Algeria, mainly located in the coastal and plains areas in the North of the country. In order to determine the strategy of beef farmers, a survey of 102 bovine farms was carried out in the Grand Cheliff plains of Algeria. Through this survey, three major classes of farms were identified: 1) small-scale livestock farmers with moderate means of production, an average Bovine Livestock Unit (BLU) of 3.18 and a production cost of 572 AD/Kg; 2) medium-scale livestock farmers, selling their production directly on the market, with a BLU of 10 and a production cost of 623 AD/Kg; 3) large-scale milk-meat farmers, with an average BLU of 22, and a production cost of 581 AD/Kg. Despite good organizational and financial performances, beef production in Algeria remains fragile, subject to climatic changes and dependent on foreign markets for the supply of raw material and inputs which constitute a threat to its sustainability (1 € = 140 Dinars).

The Hegemony Of The Coal Mining Corporation, The Destruction Of The Kutai Rice Barn Center And The Damage To The Living Space Of Transmigrants

Kerta Buana Village, became the location for transmigrants from Bali, Lombok (NTB) and a few local transmigrants in 1980. This village later grew to become part of the main rice granary area of ​​Kutai Kartanegara Regency, as well as being known as the Bali Village of East Kalimantan. Kerta Buana is also known as the Pancasila Village, because of the harmony of the villagers with the background of 2 different dominant religions, Balinese transmigrants are Hindu and Lombok Muslim transmigrants. However, at present Kerta Buana Village has suffered severe damage to life, has changed its face into a village surrounded by coal mines, surrounded by 14 mining pits, agricultural productivity is low and a class of farmers without rice fields has emerged. This article analyzes how a transmigrant village that was once known as part of the district's food barn has now turned into a village surrounded by mining. Data was collected by in-depth observation, in-depth interviews with 16 key informants from each transmigrant group and repeated focus group interviews. Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony is used to explain how company power builds historical blocks, hegemony villagers with extractive economic ideology so that villagers agree to massive coal exploration around the village. The results show that companies use corporate and government institutions, community leaders, security forces and even local communities to lead transmigrants to obey the

The Hegemony Of The Coal Mining Corporation, The Destruction Of The Kutai Rice Barn Center And The Damage To The Living Space Of Transmigrants

Kerta Buana Village, became the location for transmigrants from Bali, Lombok (NTB) and a few local transmigrants in 1980. This village later grew to become part of the main rice granary area of ​​Kutai Kartanegara Regency, as well as being known as the Bali Village of East Kalimantan. Kerta Buana is also known as the Pancasila Village, because of the harmony of the villagers with the background of 2 different dominant religions, Balinese transmigrants are Hindu and Lombok Muslim transmigrants. However, at present Kerta Buana Village has suffered severe damage to life, has changed its face into a village surrounded by coal mines, surrounded by 14 mining pits, agricultural productivity is low and a class of farmers without rice fields has emerged. This article analyzes how a transmigrant village that was once known as part of the district's food barn has now turned into a village surrounded by mining. Data was collected by in-depth observation, in-depth interviews with 16 key informants from each transmigrant group and repeated focus group interviews. Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony is used to explain how company power builds historical blocks, hegemony villagers with extractive economic ideology so that villagers agree to massive coal exploration around the village. The results show that companies use corporate and government institutions, community leaders, security forces and even local communities to lead transmigrants to obey the

Assessment of Economic Viability of Small-Scale Farms in Serbia

Summary This paper deals with production and economic results of small-scale farms in the Republic of Serbia. Small-scale farms include farms with standard output value from 4,000 to 25,000 euros. The main aim of the paper is to determine and evaluate profitability and productivity of farms engaged in different types of farming. Economic viability of farms was determined based on profitability and productivity indicators. Although these indicators are not the only indicators of economic viability, they are most commonly used and the most reliable. The farms are divided into seven groups of farming: field crops, horticulture, vineyards and fruits, dairy production, livestock production – grazing livestock, granivores, mixed crops–livestock. The analysis was based on FADN data for a 5-year period (2015-2019). The number of farms in the sample was increasing over the years, reaching 1,655 in 2019, while a large number of them belonged to a class of small-scale farms (48.5%). Utilised agricultural area on average ranged from 9.2 ha to 10.8 ha per farm. The highest labour input was recorded in horticulture (2.5 – 4.0 AWU), while the lowest labour input was determined for field crops (1.5 – 2.0 AWU). The values of profitability and productivtity indicators were the highest for horticulture farms, which had the highest ROE indicator (0.257) and FNVA per AWU (11.4 thousands euros) in 2019. On the other hand, farms involved in grazing livestock had the lowest results, with ROE of 0.127 and FNVA per AWU of 6.4 thousands euros in 2019. As expected, more intensive types of farming (horticulture and granivores) achieved better results, so these farms are considered as more economically viable. Furthermore, less intensive types of farming (grazing livestock and mixed crops-livestock) should make better use of natural and internal resources, while farmers, especially younger ones, should withdraw from traditional and old-fashioned ways of production and be more innovative and creative in farm management.

Increased artificiality trend driven by an inter-basin water transfer on the Zayandeh-rud River floodplain in Iran

The objective is to evaluate the effects of inter-basin water transfers on land use changes in the floodplain buffer area and the geomorphological evolution of a fluvial system on the receiving basin. Remote sensing techniques and machine learning algorithms have been combined with geomorphological indices for this purpose in the Zayandeh-rud Basin located in central Iran, to assess the trajectory of change over the last 50 years (from 1969 to 2020). This basin extremely experienced water crises due to artificialization events which made government transferring water from surplus basin. The outcomes of the present research express a reduction process in the area of the active channel throughout the study period, with an average narrowing rate of 0.92 m per year, i.e., a total reduction of 49.3%. Based on geomorphological indexes, Bank Retreat and River Network Channel Index, the highest sedimentation and narrowing trend was found for the period 1984-1997, while in the most recent period, from 2009 to 2020, a reverted tendency is observed which indicates higher erosion rates. Additionally, the area of natural cover, water bodies, and absence of farming classes have reduced surfaces in the floodplain to the benefit of urbanisation and agriculture. The stationarity conditions of the floodplain cover predominate followed by degradation or artificialisation processes. Given the current perspective of increasing the availability of water in the basin, an integrated planning that aims to consider environmental, socio-political, and economical elements of the system would be advantageous and needed to break the environmental degradation of this fluvial system.

At the Origins of a Multi-Stakeholder Non-Profit Organisational Model: Comizi Agrari in Post-Unification Romagna

In the field of business administration, the management practices adopted by Third sector organisations have made economic associations a topic of growing interest for several years now. The origins of this heterogeneous group of entities can actually be traced far back in time. The main associative form of post-unification Italy’s farming class was comizi agrari, which were private organizations with public functions. By redefining their nature as multistakeholder non-profit organizations, this research takes on the task of re-examining historiography’s negative evaluation of comizi’s effectiveness. Out of the analysis regarding the comizi operating in Romagna, it is evident the nature of some successful comizi is characterised by certain key factors such as the value of organisational, institutional, and technical leadership, the ability to develop strategic services for stakeholders that were not effectively provided by enterprises or the public sector, an attention to financial sustainability, a careful orientation towards building institutional networks.

Effects of soil and water conservation investment on household income in the Volcanoes National Park of Rwanda: an instrumental variable quantile approach

Soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies contribute to sustainable agriculture and rural poverty reduction. Yet, the relationship between farm household income and SWC investment is not well-understood in Rwanda. This study aims to assess the effects of investing in SWC on household income and improve the knowledge of how various classes of smallholders can benefit from such an investment at a farm level. The study used survey data from 422 farming households in northern Rwanda’s Burera, Gakenke and Musanze districts. Descriptive analysis was employed to determine levels of use of SWC and SF measures. Quantile estimation classified three classes of farming households: the poor, middle-income earners and the rich. Instrumental variable quantile regression was adopted to assess heterogeneous effects of financing SWC investment. The results revealed that the extent of using SWC and SF measures is generally low. Agriculture income and off-farm (casual) wages had the largest income shares among the poor and middle-income earners. Financing investment in SWC increases income significantly for middle-income earners, i.e. five times more than the poor, but it was ineffective for the wealthy. Socio-economic factors and commercial crops had a significant effect on income across the classes. Institutional factors demonstrated no significant impact on the poor and middle-income earners. The findings suggest that incorporating pro-poor interventions in SWC investment would increase the productivity and commercialisation of cash and staple crops. These results inform a need to promote linkages between SWC investment and income diversification strategies to increase asset-building for the poor and close income gaps among the three farming classes. This finding suggests the need to introduce saving and lending innovations in SWC that link farm activities to nonfarm opportunities.

THE INFLUENCE OF MINING IN THE QUADRILÁTERO FERRÍFERO: LANDSCAPE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS

The Quadrilátero Ferrífero – QF is the main producer/explorer of iron ore in Brazil, occupying the worldwide leadership group in Mineral Exploration. Considering all the environmental impacts associated with this activity, it is necessary to assess the landscape patterns to support the sustainable planning of mining companies. So, this paper aimed to define the temporal changes in the QF landscape's configuration and composition from 1985 to 2018 and predict 2053. The research was carried out in the QF region, located in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used classified images of land use/cover from 1985 to 2018 to calculate the landscape metrics and perform the Land Change Modeler tool. Thus, we obtained the landscape patterns over the years and a prediction for 2053. To that content, we used class and landscape metric levels, especially to describe the spatial distribution of land use/cover, and to identify how its composition has changed over the years. The results show that the Forest class contributed the most to Mining, with +0.09% in the area. In addition, the Farming class decreased 12%, with its total area converted among the others land use/cover. Thus, the Forest and Mining patches’ areas raised by 4% and 0.2%, with a tendency for a continuous increase until 2053. However, the forest fragments tended to disaggregate, while the Mining areas tended to become more connected. These results converge to a worrying scenario from an ecological point of view. Therefore, it is necessary to have/search for better supervision related to the compliance of environmental laws to avoid biodiversity losses in mining areas.

Optimization of Profit for Pasture-Based Beef Cattle and Sheep Farming Using Linear Programming: Young Beef Cattle Production in New Zealand

In New Zealand, surplus dairy-origin calves not needed as replacement or for beef cattle farms requirements for finishing are commercially slaughtered within two weeks of age. This system has perceived ethical issues which can potentially negatively affect the dairy industry. Therefore, a young beef cattle production system to maximize the use of excess calves within the land size constraint is considered as an alternative to a traditional 18 to 33-months slaughtering system. The current study examined the effects of young beef cattle production with slaughter ages at 8 to 14 months on pasture utilization, farm profitability and selling policy on class 5, intensive finishing sheep and beef cattle farms in New Zealand. A linear programming model that had previously been developed for this farm class (optimized traditional beef cattle system) was modified to include a young beef cattle slaughter system and identified the carrying capacity for young and traditional beef cattle and the selling policy required to optimize pasture utilization and farm profitability. Systems with young beef cattle slaughtered at 8, 10, 12 or 14-months of age were simulated without (Scenario I) or with (Scenario II) decreasing the number of traditional beef cattle. Daily per head energy demand for maintenance and live weight change was estimated and converted to kg DM/head on a bimonthly basis. Carcasses from young beef cattle were processed as one class under manufacturing beef price (NZ$4.50). The modified young and traditional beef cattle slaughtering system maintained an extra 6% and 35% beef cattle in Scenario I and Scenario II respectively, and finished 90% and 84% of traditional beef cattle before the second winter. Pasture supplied 98% of the feed demand for the beef cattle activities and 79–83% of that was consumed. Mixed young and traditional beef cattle finishing scenarios returned 2% less gross farm revenue per hectare (GFR/ha). However, earnings before tax per hectare (ETB/ha) in Scenario I and Scenario II were 15–25% greater than that of the optimized traditional beef cattle system, respectively. Young beef cattle production increased pasture utilization and farm profitability and increased selling options for finished beef cattle. Therefore, the young beef cattle system is a viable option for farmers and will help to reduce the need to slaughter calves within two weeks of age.