Class In Brazil Research Articles

Influence of depth on soil physical and water parameters

Soils are made up of mineral and organic particles from the decomposition of rocks, animals and plants, distributed in surface and sub-surface layers over the years. Among the predominant classes in Brazil are the RED-YELLOW ARGISSOLS. To further understand the physical and hydric characteristics of this soil in the Tocantina Region of Maranhão and how this can affect crop development, the parameters of moisture, volumetric moisture, density, particle density, porosity and infiltration velocity were analysed at different depths (0-5; 5-10; 10-15; and 15-20 cm) at two different points. The experimental design adopted was entirely randomised, with 5 replications. The results indicated differences in most of the parameters, especially at point 2, highlighting the influence of vegetation cover and anthropogenic pressure on soil properties.

Intersectional methods to study the intellectual production of a Black female samba composer

We discuss the concept of love presented in a set of songs composed by Brazilian samba singer Dona Ivone Lara about romantic and sexual relationships. Popular music is a pervasive kind of media, reflecting ideas, values, power relations, practices, prejudices and privileges. Black music in the diaspora has been a counter-hegemonic space of knowledge production which provides insight into cultural, social, economic and political matters. To analyze the songs, we created a methodology which intersects themes and categories, reflecting upon the complexity of Black women's experiences depicted in Lara's intellectual production. Adopting an intersectional approach, we concluded that the combined oppressions of gender, race, age and class in Brazil have an important influence in the melancholic aspect of banzo in her songs. The results also show that love, for Lara, is not a fixed or permanent feeling, but a cycle, renewed and reinvented in practice and in constant motion.

Literary reading in Spanish as a foreign language (S/FL) classes in Brazil.

Literary reading in Spanish as a foreign language (S/FL) classes in Brazil.

Social assistance policy and the working class in Brazil: challenges and contradictions

The objective of this article is to apprehend relations between social assistance policies and the working class in the Brazilian economic and social context. The compensatory nature of social assistance policies is followed by the precariousness of working conditions and the naturalization and individualization of pauperism, which mystify the connection between users and their social class. The apparent disconnection with the working class naturalizes the lack of a guarantee of the right to work and enhances subordination to capital.

“ROMKMÃDKÂ WAIHKU KMÃDKÂ PRÊ”: PRESERVING KNOWLEDGE THE UNIVERSITY OF MATURITY (UMA) HOLDS A DEGREE CEREMONY FOR THE FIRST INDIGENOUS CLASS OF AKWẼ-XERENTE POLO

This article highlights a significant milestone achieved by the Universidade da Maturidade (UMA), an extension program of the Federal University of Tocantins/UFT, in partnership with the Tocantins Scientific and Technological Support Foundation (Fapto) and the Municipal Public Power. The event in question was the graduation of the first indigenous class in Brazil, which took place on December 21, 2023, in the municipality of Tocantínia, central region of the state of Tocantins. The graduation ceremony took place at the Xerente Warã Indigenous High School Center and was attended by 28 students/elders. The article's methodology was based on a literature review, using specific materials to achieve the objective of publicizing this unprecedented event. The results highlighted that UMA for indigenous elders has several facets, contributing to the well-being and development of communities through the preservation and transmission of traditional knowledge, strengthening cultural identity, improving quality of life, promoting intergenerationality, empowerment and social participation, in addition to encouraging continuous learning. The execution of the program addressed significant issues for the Universidade da Maturidade (UMA) and indigenous communities, especially with regard to improving the quality of life of elders. The article suggests that this initiative represents a form of dissemination for those interested in healthy aging, indicating possible areas for future research in this field.

CONFIANÇA SOCIAL, DESIGUALDADE E INSTITUIÇÕES ESTATAIS NO BRASIL

Abstract How does interpersonal trust relate to trust in public institutions, people’s willingness to contribute to redistributive actions, and the strong bonds of social cohesion in society? This article presents how Brazilians’ trust in others and in various state institutions has varied since the 1990s and how the interaction between interpersonal and institutional trust affects social cohesion. Also, we examine how widespread social perceptions of institutional corruption and different levels of inequality affect the levels of interpersonal social. Using the analytical concept of social responsibility, we argue strategies centered on the design and performance of public institutions contribute to breaking the vicious circle of lack of trust and its social costs. We used descriptive statistics and regression analysis based on data extracted from the Latinobarómetro World Values Survey as well as interview data with different social classes in Brazil.

Emotions and teaching practices in inclusive education

This article is an integrative synthesis of two studies conducted with teachers of inclusive classes in Brazil and discusses the reality of inclusive teaching in contemporary Brazilian schools. The goal is to foster reflection about emotions and teaching practices in inclusive contexts based on Vygotsky's Cultural-Historical Psychology. The results reveal that the practices express the Teacher's meanings and emotions to the inclusive process, affecting the teaching-learning processes. We conclude that the implementation of inclusive systems implies understanding the singularities of each real subject that is part of the school. Therefore, it is essential to recognize emotions and rethink practices, building new paths that promote and ensure real inclusion.

Indebtedness of the working class in Brazil: elements for analysis based on the category of overexploitation of the workforce

Resumo: Na era da financeirização do capital, o endividamento da classe trabalhadora tem se tornado um fenômeno global, presente tanto nas economias centrais, quanto na periferia do capitalismo. Este artigo contesta a pretensa homogeneidade desse fenômeno, evidenciando a vigência da categoria superexploração da força de trabalho para apreensão do modo particular - e altamente violento - com que o endividamento se expressa no Brasil.

National-scale spatial variations of soil phosphorus retention capacity in Brazil

Phosphorus (P) retention capacity of soils directly affects the management of phosphate fertilization, and has economic and environmental importance. Brazil has expressive agricultural production and high edaphoclimatic variability; still, the detailed spatial distribution of P retention capacity is not known. Thus, machine learning models were created to estimate the P retention capacity of soils at superficial horizons using the variables: clay content, sand content, soil organic matter, pH, base saturation. The four best models were combined to create an ensemble (a combination of models), which was applied in a dataset (5524 samples) that comprises a sample data from the entire Brazilian territory. The ensemble was used to build a map of P retention capacity. Most of the country presented soils with medium P retention (40–60%), and large areas with very high retention capacity were found in the south of Brazil, a subtropical region mostly associated with clayey soils. High P retention was observed for Histosols, probably related to humic-Al(Fe) complexes. Nitisol, Ferralsol, Gleysol and Cambisol classes presented high P retention, especially for clayey soils with qualifiers related to bases/weathering (Dystric) and organic matter (Umbric and Humic). The correlation between Fe oxide minerals and P retention varied with soil color and drainage conditions mainly associated to redoximorphic reactions; the same was not observed for Al oxide minerals. This pioneer study revealed the distribution of P retention capacity across different soil classes in Brazil, which can help to define land use suitability and soil P management strategies that ensure profitable agricultural exploration.

Gender, race and class in Brazil: the effects of structural and institutional racism on the lives of the black population during the covid-19 pandemic

Resumo A pesquisa objetiva analisar os dados estatísticos concernente à desigualdade racial no Brasil durante o período pandêmico da Covid 19. Nesse aspecto, tem por objeto os desdobramentos da pandemia para o aprofundamento das assimetrias sociais entre negros e não-negros. Consoante às variáveis gênero, raça, classe e região. Para metodologia adota a revisão de literatura quanto ao assunto em tela e com ênfase para perspectiva teórico-metodológica do feminismo negro. Assim como, se debruça sobre a análise qualitativa dos principais indicadores de vulnerabilidade social de acordo com o Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada (IPEA) e Pesquisa Anual Por Amostras de Domicílios Contínua (PNAD) entre (2018-2020). Ainda observa a rubrica orçamentária destinada pelo Poder Executivo ao Ministério da Saúde (2018-2021) para mitigação dos efeitos da covid-19 no país. As hipóteses desta pesquisa recaem sobre o aprofundamento das dissimetrias raciais durante a pandemia a partir do recorte da raça/cor, classe, gênero e origem regional. Em seguida, a atual gestão do Poder Executivo teria tido papel fundamental na proporção de mortos atingidos pelo vírus covid-19. Em suma, a pesquisa finda por refletir quanto aos dados da desigualdade social afunilada sob o contexto pandêmico e seus impactos para as minorias identitárias supracitadas, bem como a inação do Estado no desenho das políticas públicas.

Physical Education classes in Brazil and technology: A way to a better and healthier life

Many students dislike Physical Education classes in Brazil because of content repetition, unsatisfactory curricular organization, among other factors. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficiency of a proposal for Physical Education classes, which includes contents of physical activities and the use of comic books application. This is a qualitative study, which comprises both bibliographic and field researches. Twelve classes were held to a group of eight graders from a public school in the city of Piracicaba/SP/Brazil. Questionnaires were used to evaluate the proposal for Physical Education classes. We found out that the use of comic books application is an effective teaching resource, as it reveals the students’ experiences, what they felt, and the mediation between their “rational” and “sensitive” knowledge about physical activities. There is evidence that our experience has provided participating students with: 1- Leisure education and health education, 2- Awakening to knowledge of the body culture of movement, 3- Access to some leisure contents, mainly those related to physical, sports and artistic ones, 4- The creation of comics by App Flaras.

Teaching futsal in schools: perspectives of teachers from Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo state

Aim: This study aimed to better understand the perceptions, actions, and interventions of Physical Education teachers at public state schools in the Rio Grande do Sul and São Paulo, regarding didactic-methodological spectra in futsal classes In Brazil, futsal is part of the team sport that must be presented in Physical Education classes, according to educational regulatory documents. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight teachers (three women and one man in each state), whose content was explored through a thematic analysis. Results: The results show a strong singularity of futsal as the content of Physical Education in schools and the relationship with its cultural impact. Different teaching concepts and methodologies used by teachers were identified, as well as a strong connection between experiences with futsal of students and the pedagogical practices adopted. Gender issues were highlighted, showing a contradiction between motivation to change the scenario and a school classes organization that promotes its maintenance. Conclusion: The study supports discussions about teacher actions epistemologically based on traditional teaching perspectives.

Prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in Physical Education Teachers

The objective was to verify the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome (BS) in Physical Education teachers from state schools in the metropolitan region of Belo Horizonte/MG. This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, its sample consisted of 47 teachers, being active in schools in the urban area, having at least 1 year of teaching in their current school. For data collection we used two instruments: a sociodemographic and labor questionnaire and the "Spanish Burnout Inventory", educational version (SBI-Ed). After analyzing the studies, it is clear that this was the first time that SBI was used in this professional class in Brazil. The results showed that the Physical Education teachers of the sample had Burnout, being 12.77% with the BS Profile 1 and 6.38% having the Profile 2. As initial results obtained from this sample demonstrates the need for longitudinal and epidemiological studies on this thematic, with a larger number of participants, to understand the possible consequences of people who have BS over the years; seen as a syndrome with several stages and processes for its prevalence.

The impact of socioeconomic status on HPV infection among young Brazilians in a nationwide multicenter study.

The aim of this study is to evaluate genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection according to socioeconomic categories in Brazil. This cross-sectional, nationwide study included 7,694 sexually active women and men aged 16-25years. Individuals of all socioeconomic groups in all 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District were enrolled through public primary care units between September 2016 and November 2017. All participants answered a standardized interview administered by trained primary care health professionals. Socioeconomic class was analyzed using a pricing classification system for the Brazilian public that divides the market exclusively in terms of economic class based on the ownership of assets and the education level. Cervical samples were obtained using a Digene® HC2 DNA Collection, and penile/scrotum samples were obtained using a wet Dacron swab. HPV typing (overall and high-risk) was performed in a central lab. Of the 7,694 participants (47.85% women), 17.92% belonged to class A-B, 56.08% to class C, and 26.00% to class D-E. The prevalence of overall HPV was similar among the social classes: 51.16% for classes A-B, 53.39% for class C, and 55.47% for classes D-E (P=0.479). Similar results were found for high-risk HPV. After adjustments, the presence of HPV in individuals with a brown skin color belonging to classes A-B was 57.00% higher [prevalence ratio 1.57 (95%: 1.23, 2.01)] than that in whites and had no impact on the other social classes. In conclusion, HPV infection affects all socioeconomic classes in Brazil, evidencing the importance of offering the HPV vaccine to the entire population.

The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on HPV Infection Among Young Brazilians in a Nationwide Multicenter Study

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection according to socioeconomic categories in Brazil. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 7,694 sexually active women and men aged 16-25 years. Individuals of all socioeconomic groups in all 26 Brazilian capitals and the Federal District were enrolled through public primary care units between September 2016 and November 2017. The Brazilian Criteria of Economic Classification were used to analyze the socioeconomic classes. Cervical samples were obtained using a Digene® HC2 DNA Collection Device, and penile/scrotum samples were obtained using a wet Dacron swab. Findings: The overall prevalence of HPV was similar among the social classes as follows: 51.16% for classes A-B, 53.39% for class C, and 55.47% for classes D-E ( P = 0·442). Similar results were found for high-risk HPV. The presence of HPV in individuals with a brown skin color belonging to classes A-B was 57.00% higher [prevalence ratio (PR) 1.57 (95%: 1.23, 2.01)] than that in whites and had no impact on the other social classes. Interpretation: HPV infection affects all socioeconomic classes in Brazil, evidencing a social resignification of sexually transmitted infections usually associated with discrimination. Funding Statement: Program for Supporting the Institutional Development of the Public Health System (PROADI-SUS). Declaration of Interests: LLV is a member of the Board for HPV vaccines at Merck, Sharp & Dohme and a consultant at BD, Roche and Qiagen regarding HPV tests. All other authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee on Human Research (Protocol no. 1607032) at all recruitment sites. All participants provided written consent.

Discriminating Land Use and Land Cover Classes in Brazil Based on the Annual PROBA-V 100 m Time Series

Brazil, with more than 8 million km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , presents six different biomes, ranging from natural grasslands (Pampa biome) to tropical rainfall forests (Amazônia biome), with different land-use types (mostly pasturelands and croplands) and pressures (mainly in the Cerrado biome). The objective of this article is to present a new method to discriminate the most representative land use and land cover (LULC) classes of Brazil, based on the PROBA-V images. The images were converted into vegetation, soil, and shade fraction images by applying the linear spectral mixing model. Then, the pixel-based, highest proportion, annual mosaics of the fraction images, and their corresponding standard deviation images were derived and classified using the random forest algorithm. The following LULC classes were considered: forestlands, shrublands, grasslands, croplands, pasturelands, water bodies, and others. An agreement analysis was conducted with two available LULC maps derived from the Landsat satellite, the MapBiomas, and the Finer Resolution Observation and Monitoring-Global Land Cover (FROM-GLC) projects. Forestlands (412 million ha) and pasturelands (242 million ha) were the two most representative LULC classes; and croplands accounted for 30 million ha. The results presented an overall agreement of 69% and 58% with the MapBiomas and FROM-GLC projects, respectively. The proposed method is a good alternative to support operational projects of LULC map production that are important for planning biodiversity conservation or environmentally sustainable land occupation.

Sofrimento psíquico na universidade, psicossociologia e Encontro de saberes

Resumo O artigo discute o sofrimento mental e o adoecimento geral da classe acadêmica no Brasil, propondo uma nova abordagem ao tema da saúde mental em dois pilares: de um lado, o Encontro de saberes, projeto implantado na Universidade de Brasília, em 2010, que promove a inclusão de mestres e mestras dos saberes tradicionais (indígenas, povos de terreiro, quilombolas, entre outros), como docentes; de outro, uma reconfiguração das ciências sociais como uma área transdisciplinar e pluriepistêmica capaz de dialogar com os sistemas de cura desenvolvidos pelos mestres e mestras tradicionais, que incluem relações com todos os seres vivos (plantas, animais, fenômenos da natureza). O Encontro de saberes da cura faria um diálogo das ciências sociais transdisciplinares antropocêntricas com as ciências tradicionais cosmocêntricas. O texto foi elaborado a quatro vozes: três de acadêmicos da UnB, da UFF e da UFRJ, e uma líder religiosa do candomblé Angola de Belo Horizonte (MG), Makota Kidoiale.

Theotonio Dos Santos (1936–2018): The Revolutionary Intellectual Who Pioneered Dependency Theory

Theotonio Dos Santos (1936–2018): The Revolutionary Intellectual Who Pioneered Dependency Theory

SOCIAL IDENTITIES OF BLACK FEMALES IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEXTBOOKS USED IN BRAZIL AND CAMEROON: INTERSECTIONALITIES OF RACE, GENDER, SOCIAL CLASS AND CRITICAL RACIAL LITERACY

This article analyzes how the social identities of black females are represented in English-language textbooks used in Brazil and Cameroon; the intention is to generate reflections on how these social identities are portrayed. This research is linked to my participation in an international research project involving universities in Brazil and Cameroon. In the article I analyze a textbook I collected in Cameroon (Bamenda) and another textbook that is used in Brazil. I address the following: 1) What are the results of studies regarding English-language textbooks, the social identities of black females, and intersectionality with the issues of race, gender and social class in Brazil? 2) What do English-language textbooks used in Brazil and Cameroon reveal about black females and intersectionalities with social class? The reference framework that supports this discussion includes the issues of intersectionality, race, gender and social class (CRENSHAW, 1991), as well as critical racial literacy (SKERRETT, 2011; MOSLEY, 2010, FERREIRA, 2015b). The article concludes that black females are less represented than males in textbooks used in both Brazil and Cameroon. In the case of Brazil, black females are less represented than black and white males, and white females.

Sobre a teoria das classes sociais de Jessé Souza

Este artigo pretende discutir a teoria das classes sociais de Jessé Souza. Para tanto, começa apresentando uma síntese de sua teoria da modernidade. Em seguida, aborda as principais características pelas quais Jessé Souza define a "ralé", os "batalhadores" e as classes superiores – principalmente as classes médias. Por fim, conclui com alguns comentários críticos que podem vir a contribuir para o desenvolvimento futuro da discussão sobre classes sociais no Brasil.