Class Society Research Articles

The Novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” as a Costume Code of Its Time: How to Render Features of Victorian Dress into Russian

The purpose of this article is to analyse the parameters of the costume code presented in the novel “The Picture of Dorian Gray” written by the English poet and writer O. Wilde. The author tries to analyse different aspects of ways how to render features of Victorian dress when translating the novel into Russian. O. Wilde portrays representatives of different social classes of English society at the end of the 19 th century. Thus, the characters’ costumes are considered an important detail specifically used for their characterisation. Ten Russian translations of the novel are made in different cultural and historical epochs. There are four basic types of costume codes, namely modern costume, historical costume, theatrical costume, and religious costume. The article focuses on the male costume code in fashion contemporary to the author. Translators do not al- ways follow the costume code. As a result, the images of characters may be misleading for readers belonging to the target language and culture.

CRIMINAL LAW OF THE RISK SOCIETY IN BRAZIL OF THE CLASS SOCIETY

This article discusses the perspectives of using Criminal Law of Risk in the national criminal legal system. Initially, the formation of the Brazilian class society is assessed within a political and economic context. Next, the advent of the risk society and its confluences with a specific dogma of criminal law are analyzed. Finally, some critical propositions are made about the use of Criminal Law of Risk in Brazil, focusing on the issue of the marked social inequality that prevails there. To this end, the methodology used is dialectic, and the research technique is bibliographic.

Chakki Peesing: Crushing the Roadblocks, Marching Ahead

The case is highlighting the journey of Mr Rajiv Khera from a seasoned corporate professional to be an Entrepreneur in Gurgaon Region. Rajeev started Chakki Peesing, an urban floor and spices mill in 2020 during the covid 19 Lockdown. Within 6 months of operations, Chakki Peesing has served over 8000 orders with 2000 unique customers, which according to Rajeev is a significant achievement as he is close to his business projections. Rajeev firmly believed that his business model would work in the B2C segment only as the B2B market is very much price sensitive. However, he was open to the idea of getting into strategic collaborations with gymnasiums and health clubs to promote and sell products. One of the competitive advantages of Chakki Peesing was the access to good quality wheat from Madhya Pradesh along with Rajeev’s on experience in sales and distribution. The initial success of Chakki Peesing can also be attributed to the strong network, which Rajeev and his family had with the upper middle class society of Gurgaon, and to the increased awareness among people for having a healthy lifestyle. The case talks about the business development strategy adopted by Rajeev and his son Dhruv who is also the co-founder of the company and proposed various alternative solutions for future course of action pertaining to business expansion.

The Turkish Language in the Poetry Collection Compiled by Miho Martelini from Dubrovnik

In the library of the National Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo there is a manuscript poetry collection compiled by Miho Martelini from Dubrovnik. The collection was compiled in Dubrovnik in 1657 and consists of two volumes containing poems composed in Croatian, Turkish, and Italian. All of the poems were written down in Italian Latin script, except for one poem in both Croatian and Turkish, which was written down in Bosnian Cyrillic script. The eighteen Turkish poems in this collection all belong to the genre of Turkish folk poetry. This paper analyses the characteristics of the Turkish language in the poems from Martelini's collection. Since the poems were compiled in Dubrovnik, which had strong and lively ties with the Ottoman Empire, three linguistic layers could be expected in them: (1) the Ottoman language, or the language of the upper, educated classes of society in the Ottoman Empire; (2) West Rumelian Turkish, or the dialect of Turkish that we may expect to have been present on the territory of Dubrovnik; and (3) the so-called Bosnian variety of the Turkish language, which had developed under the strong influence of a South Slavic substratum, and which may also be expected to have been present in Dubrovnik, due to its geographical proximity to Ottoman Bosnia. This linguistic analysis of Turkish poems from Martelini’s collection complements the image we have of the linguistic, cultural, and societal conditions in the city of Dubrovnik, as well as the larger territory of southeastern Europe in the 17th century.

Coronary Sinus Narrowing for TreatingRefractory Angina: REDUCER-I Multicenter "Real-World" Observational Study Primary Endpoint Analysis.

Patients with refractory angina are often ineligible for revascularization and have poor quality of life despite optimal medical therapy. The coronary sinus (CS) Reducer (Shockwave Medical Inc) was safe and effective in the treatment of refractory angina in the COSIRA (Coronary Sinus Reducer for Treatment of Refractory Angina) randomized sham-controlled trial. This study sought to perform the primary endpoint analysis of the complete REDUCER-I (An Observational Study of the Neovasc Reducer System) study cohort. REDUCER-I is a nonrandomized, "real-world" study of patients with refractory angina treated with the CS Reducer conducted at 25 centers from 9 European countries. The primary effectiveness endpoint was an improvement in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class at 6months. The primary safety endpoints were major adverse cardiac events and device- or procedure-related serious adverse events through 30days. Study follow-up is planned through 5 years with some interim 3-year analyses included here. From 2016 to 2023, 400 patients were enrolled, including 78.0% (312/400) male patients, 54.3% (216/398) with previous myocardial infarction, 73.6% (293/398) with previous revascularization, and 72.0% (280/389) CCS class III/IV. Major adverse cardiac event and serious adverse event rates were 1.6% (95%CI: 0.7-3.6) and 1.1% (4/371), respectively, with no deaths within 30days. At 6months, 69.8% (240/344) of patients improved by≥1 CCS class. Six-minute walk distances improved by 34.1 ± 85.8m at 6months (P< 0.0001). Interim 3-year results showed CCS class and Seattle Angina Questionnaire quality of life improvements were sustained (P< 0.0001). The complete primary endpoint analysis of the REDUCER-I study shows patients with refractoryangina were safely and effectively treated with the CS Reducer. Improvements in angina and quality of lifeappear sustained through 3 years.

Coronary Sinus Reducer Improves Angina, Quality of Life, and CoronaryFlow Reserve in MicrovascularDysfunction.

Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is a common cause of angina with no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA), and effective treatment options are limited. This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of the coronary sinus (CS) Reducer (Neovasc, Inc/Shockwave Medical) for treatment of angina in patients with CMD. This Phase II trial enrolled 30 patients with ANOCA, invasively diagnosed CMD, and Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class 3 to 4 angina despite medical therapy. CMD was defined by coronary flow reserve (CFR)≤2.5 and/or≤50% increase in coronary blood flow (CBF) in response to intracoronary infusion of acetylcholine. Invasive coronary microvascular function testing was performed before and at 120days postimplantation. The primary endpoint was change in microvascular function at 120days. Secondary endpoints were changes in CCS angina class and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores. Mean age was 54.8 ± 11.0 years; 67% (20/30) were women. In patients with low baseline CFR (endothelium-independent CMD), CFR increased significantly from 2.1 (1.95-2.30) to 2.7 (2.45-2.95) (n=19; P=0.0011). Patients with abnormal CBF response to acetylcholine at baseline (endothelium-dependent CMD) had an increase in CBF response to acetylcholine:-11.0% (-20.15% to 5.85%) to 11.5% (-4.82% to 39.29%) (n=11; P=0.042). There was a significant improvement in CCS angina class from 4.0 (3.25-4.0) to 2.0 (2.0-3.0) (P< 0.001) and increase in each domain of the SAQ questionnaire (P< 0.006 for all). This study demonstrates that the CS Reducer is associated with significant improvement in angina, quality of life, and coronary microvascular function in patients with CMD and may emerge as a novel therapy for patients with ANOCA.

Using photovoice to investigate patient experiences of lupus nephritis in Canada

ObjectiveLupus nephritis (LN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting up to 60% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The perspectives of patients with SLE have been...

Efficacy and safety of coronary sinus reducer for refractory angina: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Refractory angina affects patients' quality of life around the world. Coronary sinus reducer (CSR) is a new therapeutic approach that has been investigated in recent years. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of CSR for refractory angina. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and CENTRAL searches until May 2024. Dichotomous data were pooled using risk ratio (RR), and continuous data were pooled using mean difference (MD), both with a 95% confidence interval (CI), using (R version 4.3). With the inclusion of three RCTs, our cohort comprised a total of 180 patients. Compared with the control group, after 6 months, CSR was significantly associated with a decreased mean change of Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class [MD: -0.54 with 95% CI (-0.80 to -0.27), P < 0.01], a decreased number of patients in the CCS class III/IV [RR: 0.56 with 95% CI (0.38-0.84), P < 0.01], and increased exercise time [MD: 50.46 with 95% CI (9.47-91.45), P = 0.02]. However, there was no significant difference between CSR and the control group in double products, all Seattle Angina Questionnaire domains, and safety outcomes. CSR has been shown to reduce angina severity by lowering CCS class scores and increasing exercise time. Large-scale RCTs are needed to confirm its effectiveness in patients with refractory angina.

The formation of tea culture in British

When foreign people think of British culture nowadays, they can easily picture gentlemen and ladies elegantly dressed, surrounded by fine furniture and utensils, enjoying afternoon tea. The unique tea culture has already become a strong impression of Britain. This article explores the positioning of tea within the map of cultural differentiation, highlighting its status as a significant symbol of British culture, despite Britain not being its country of origin. The success of tea arose from the collision of Eastern and Western civilizations, with Chinese tea being introduced to Britain by Dutch merchant ships in the 17th century, marking its economic rise. The paper raises key questions about how tea transformed from an exotic product into a British cultural icon and whether the promotion of tea culture in Britain is mere imitation or rooted in local traditions. Additionally, it reviews research by Chinese and foreign scholars on British tea culture, focusing on the origins of tea culture in China, including the history of tea cultivation and consumption, and the evolution of tea culture in various dynasties. The second half describes in detail the thriving process of tea trade in Britain since the 17th century, the background of tea culture breaking the gender status and other restrictions in British society, and the different connotations and influences of tea culture in the British upper society and working class.

One-year results from the REDUCER-I multi-center real-world clinical trial of the treatment of refractory angina with the coronary sinus Reducer

Abstract Background/Introduction Patients with refractory angina have chronic symptoms due to reversible ischemia which are inadequately controlled with optimal medical therapy or interventional treatments. These patients suffer from a poor quality of life and place a significant strain on the health care system due to their frequent rehospitalizations. The coronary sinus (CS) Reducer is a stainless-steel hour-glass shaped mesh stent that creates a focal narrowing in the lumen of the CS resulting in improved microvascular resistance and redistribution of myocardial blood flow. Purpose The COSIRA randomized controlled trial showed the Reducer is a safe and effective treatment for refractory angina with patients having significant improvements in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class and other measures of quality of life. The REDUCER-I post-market study evaluated the long-term outcomes with the Reducer in a large and challenging ‘real-world’ cohort. Methods REDUCER-I is a multicenter, non-randomized study conducted across 26 medical centers in Europe. At one year, device effectiveness was assessed by improvement in CCS grade as compared to baseline and device safety was assessed by Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE). Secondary endpoints included six-minute walk tests, EQ-5D-5L tests, and Seattle Angina Questionnaires (SAQ). Subjects were followed at 30 days, 6 months, and annually through five years. Results The as-treated population includes a total of 371 patients who received a Reducer implant (78.7% (292/371) male, 47.2% (175/371) diabetic, 73.9% (274/371) post-revascularization). The one-year Kaplan-Meier overall MACE rate post-implant was 7.1% (95% CI [4.9, 10.4]). There were nine deaths within the first 365 days, one death was due to unknown causes and eight deaths were adjudicated to as not being device- or procedure-related. At 12 months, 70.0% (205/293) of patients improved by ≥1 CCS class. At baseline, 72.2% (232/363) of patients were CCS class III/IV and this proportion decreased to 18.1% (54/298) at 12 months (P&amp;lt;0.0001). The patients’ baseline six-minute walk distance was 327.5±116.1m which improved by a mean of 30.8±81.8m at 12 months (p&amp;lt;.0001). In the year prior to Reducer implant, 33.3% (88/264) of the patients had at least one visit to the emergency department compared to 11.7% (31/264) in the year after Reducer implant (p&amp;lt;.0001). The significant improvements in CCS class and SAQ-QoL were sustained through 3 years (Figure). Conclusion In this 12-month analysis of the REDUCER-I study, patients with refractory angina treated with the CS Reducer had low MACE rates and showed significant and sustained improvements in angina, QoL, functional capacity, and need for rehospitalization.

The visual construction of the people’s country and the Chinese nation: political aesthetics in the Ethno-documentaries of New China

This paper discusses the political positioning of the people and the cultural image of the Chinese nation through the lens of the Social-historical Scientific Documentary Films of China’s ethnic minorities (hereafter referred to as “the Ethno-documentaries”) by restoring the problem to the site of the investigation of humanities and social sciences and the General Surveys on (Folk) Arts in the early years of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in the 1950s. Through detailed analysis of specific Ethno-documentary films, this paper explores how the social sciences conducted its “Social and Historical Investigation of China’s Ethnic Minorities” via the medium of film to convey the advanced social concepts and ideological work of the new regime through the historical narrative of art and politics. This study highlights three key points. First, the “Chinese nation” as a modern political concept dates its origins back to the 1920s with the emergence of the “National Heritage Reorganization Movement” and the “Doubting Antiquity School.” However, it was only through the medium of the Ethno-documentaries that this concept was visually and aurally represented in films for the first time, which draws our attention to the fact that the entry point for understanding modern China lies in discerning the relationship between culture and politics. Second, when discussing the relationship between culture and politics, this study juxtaposes the Ethno-documentaries and “art for workers-peasants-soldiers,” which developed during the same period. These two forms of art focus respectively on national history and the suffering of the lower classes of society, and it is this intertextual nature of the historical narrative that jointly anchors the cultural and historical view of New China. Lastly, historical view is the core of the humanities, social sciences, and art disciplines in New China. Previous studies have mainly attributed certain phenomena to the “politicization” or “pan-politicization” of a particular historical period due to disciplinary barriers and cultural trauma and have stopped discussing such topics in depth. In contrast, the significance of the political aesthetics in the Ethno-documentaries is to have transformed classical Chinese artistic language into a modern one to represent the Chinese people and the Chinese nation. It also raises a question of re-sinicization of many modern political issues that have persisted until now: How do today’s Chinese art works vividly depict the prosperity of this country and its hardworking and courageous people?

Memory and the Public Use of History in Today’s Italy

The article analyzes some aspects of current debates about Italians’ relationship with their national past. Risorgimento, fascism, anti-fascism, and colonialism continue to represent crucial nodes of discussion that go far beyond the scope of academic studies and debates. The author argues that public memory and the public uses of history concerning these themes represent a reliable seismograph mapping the evolution of contemporary Italy, and the gasps between its society and political class.

Clinical development and proof of principle testing of new regenerative vascular endothelial growth factor-D therapy for refractory angina: rationale and design of the phase 2 ReGenHeart trial

BackgroundDespite tremendous therapeutic advancements, a significant proportion of coronary artery disease patients suffer from refractory angina pectoris, that is, quality-of-life-compromising angina that is non-manageable with established pharmacological and interventional treatment...

Representation of Women and Class in Shakespeare’s &lt;i&gt;Othello&lt;/i&gt;

Shakespeare’s plays reflect his society by imitating events that shaped the socio-economic, historical and political development of the Elizabethan era. This study examines the representation of women and class in the tragic play; Othello. Shakespeare juxtaposes male and female characters to understand their roles seeking to understand the complexities that shapes gender and class in society. He lived in a patriarchal society where women were subjugated, relegated, and oppressed. They were only good as daughters or wives; Shakespeare in some of his plays creates strong female characters that exhibit a new perspective in the representation of women who break away from the norm by their actions or inactions in Elizabethan England. The theory used for the analysis is New Historicism which seeks to reveal and challenge the depiction of women and class during the reign of Queen Elizabeth the first. New historicism is a practice of interpreting texts in their historical context or concerning the time and place in which they were written according to Greenblatt. Women and class have often been misrepresented in Shakespeare’s time but in his play Othello, they are found to break down the shackles of patriarchy to make choices and stand by it.

Market Nation: Forging Economic Citizenship in Nineteenth-Century African America

Abstract This essay engages with the civic possibilities African Americans perceived in the social, economic, and political transformations associated with the antebellum market revolution. Against the emerging nineteenth-century hegemony of political and economic liberalism, African Americans formulated an ideal of economic citizenship that translated Black material successes and social mobility into an extra-legal symbolic citizenship; in particular, class stratification among African Americans was mobilized to counter the presumption of immutable, ontological Black abjection that justified ascriptive Jacksonian civic exclusions. The essay engages with two proto-sociological texts designed to challenge these exclusions by depicting stratified African American communities that testified to African Americans’ market participation in and contributions to the nation. As insiders of their respective groups, authors Joseph Willson—Sketches of the Higher Classes of Colored Society in Philadelphia (1841)—and Cyprian Clamorgan—The Colored Aristocracy of St. Louis (1858)—innovate a vernacular sociology that cobbles together political economy, proto-social science, reform and literary discourses to fashion empirical, reparative accounts of their better-off African American communities. Engaging with these texts allows us to understand the role that regional specificity played in formulating race, class, and status across an expanding nation, but more importantly, it makes us aware of the perils and ambiguities involved in making African Americans’ participation in the liberal marketplace, or economic citizenship, the basis of African American civic legitimacy.

Dialek Sosial Masyarakat Bugis-Makassar Kelurahan Minasa Upa Kecamatan Rappocini Kota Makassar

Language and society are very closely related, this relationship includes age and social status which mutually influence language, voice color and accent for each language speaker. Sociolect (from the words social and dialect) or social dialect is a language variation associated with a particular social group. Sociolect occurs in various groups of society according to social class, age and occupation. Language differences between upper class and lower class society, teenagers and old people, doctors and lawyers, are examples of social dialect. This research aims to describe the use of sociolectic language variations in communication between the Bugis-Makassar community, Minasa Upa Village, Rappocini District, Makassar City. The data in this research are all everyday language utterances in communication that are identified as using sociolect. Meanwhile, the data source used is the Bugis-Makassar community who live in Minasa Upa Village, Rappocini District, Makassar City. Data collection techniques include; observation techniques, recording techniques and note-taking techniques. The data analysis technique is carried out in an interpretative descriptive manner, namely data that has been collected on a device, listened to and recorded, then identified and analyzed in depth by sorting and selecting information according to the research focus, namely the various forms of sociolect in communication among the Bugis-Makassar community. Based on the results of the research, the researchers found 16 data on sociolectic language variations, especially conversations in terms of age level, nobility level, and education level, with details of 8 data variations of colloquial language, 2 data variations of slang language, and 6 data variations of vulgar language.

Winners and losers: Class dynamics and social protection in Pakistan

AbstractThis study responds to the recent call in the literature for the interrogation and understanding of how social protection is accessed and distributed among various groups and classes of society. It explores who stands to win and lose from social protection through the lens of social class using the case study of Pakistan, where the elite class holds significant sway over decision‐making. Using a unique mixed methods approach, this study offers a two‐fold contribution: First, it applies cluster analysis to group households based on their socioeconomic demographics, with clusters serving as proxies for class and thereby giving unique insight into class composition in Pakistan. Second, it provides analysis of access to and experiences with social protection of households in different classes. The study concludes that social protection in Pakistan is insufficient in reaching and aiding lower‐class households. Instead, it predominantly benefits the wealthy, reinforcing a cycle of privilege and disadvantage among different socioeconomic classes. This study contributes to the construction of knowledge on how concentration of power within an elite group leads to resource allocation that perpetuates existing inequalities, hinders social progress and amplifies challenges faced by the lower classes.

조선용 B Gr. 강의 용접부 미세조직과 기계적 성질에 미치는 용접기법의 영향

The microstructurale and mechanical properties of B Gr. steel were evaluated for shipbuilding according to a welding process. The following conclusions were drawn. In tandem submerged arc welding(TSAW), compared to single submerged arc welding(SAW), the grain boundary ferrite was coarsened, and the fraction was higher owing to the high heat input and low flux basicity ; conversely, the volume fraction of acicular ferrite was lower. Fine intragranular acicular ferrite and polygonal ferrite were observed in the weld metal of the electrogas welding (EGW), which had the highest heat input. In the microstructure near the fusion line, as the amount of heat input increased, the prior austenite grain boundary became coarse. Further, both the intergranular grainboundaryferrite and intragranular bainite became coarse, and the heat-affected zone became wider. The hardness of weld metal was independent of the amount of heat input and was demonstrated to be high in the order of EGW, single SAW, and TSAW owing to the microstructure difference caused by the chemical composition of the filler material and the dilution rate of the base metal. Furthermore, the tensile strength of all three welding processes resulted in stable satisfaction with the class society rules.

The Multiple Dimensions of Space: Spatial Narrative Types and Socio-Cultural Mapping in New Century Chinese Novels

This study explores how spatial narratives in new-century Chinese novels reflect and engage with China's rapidly changing socio-cultural landscape. Since the mid-1990s, China's accelerated marketization and globalization have profoundly altered traditional lifestyles and public aesthetics, significantly influencing literary creation. How do contemporary Chinese novelists employ spatial narratives to represent these changes, and what insights do these narratives offer into modern Chinese society? Employing textual analysis grounded in Lefebvre's spatial theory and Soja's Thirdspace concept, this paper examines the manifestations and functions of physical, psychological, and social spaces in new-century Chinese novels. Findings reveal diverse and complex spatial narratives: fragmented physical spaces reflecting globalization's impact, psychological spaces highlighting identity recognition anxiety, and social spaces exposing modern society's alienation and class disparities. This study contributes to a deeper application of spatial narrative theory in Chinese literary research, offering new analytical tools for understanding modern literature and its reflection of social changes. It provides insights into the characteristics and trends of new-century Chinese social culture, promoting further research and theoretical development in related fields.

A mathematical model of a liquid-loading vessel at the initial stages of design

To substantiate the main unknowns at the initial stages of design and, above all, during the re-search design, it is necessary to develop a mathematical model as sensitive as possible to changes in variable parameters, which can be any elements of the vessel or its subsystems. The need to ensure seaworthiness, such as buoyancy, stability, unsinkability, strength, seaworthiness and capacity requires the inclusion of these modules in modeling either in the form of calculation functions, such as determining precipitation from the equation of mass and buoyancy, or in the form of restrictions requiring, if not fulfilled, recalculation of the former. The paper describes a similar mathematical model in relation to an oil tanker of mixed (river-sea) navigation of the M-SP class of the Russian Classification Society. Its feature is the use of computer-aided design of the hull shape and the inclusion in the mathematical model of the actual calculation of the elements of buoyancy, initial stability and capacity, rather than using statistical dependencies for them, which significantly increases the adequacy of the final result.