Classes Of Lp Research Articles

Measuring Lp(a) particles with a novel isoform-insensitive immunoassay illustrates efficacy of muvalaplin.

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a cardiovascular risk factor, and there is considerable interest in developing Lp(a)-lowering therapeutics for cardiovascular prevention. Current commercial Lp(a) assays measure total apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] and may be insufficient to accurately measure Lp(a) concentrations and determine Lp(a) lowering by a new class of small-molecule Lp(a) formation inhibitors such as muvalaplin. We developed a novel immunoassay that measures only Lp(a) particles. This intact Lp(a) assay demonstrated robust analytical performance, was insensitive to apo(a) isoform size, and correlated with a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Muvalaplin phase I multiple ascending dose study samples and lepodisiran, a small interfering RNA that lowers Lp(a), phase I single ascending dose study samples were analyzed using the intact Lp(a) assay and commercial assays. The Lp(a)-lowering efficacy of muvalaplin was underestimated by the commercial assay measuring total apo(a) compared with the intact Lp(a) assay specifically measuring Lp(a) particles. In contrast, the Lp(a)-lowering effect of lepodisiran was clinically comparable between the intact Lp(a) assay and commercial assay. This novel intact Lp(a) assay provides a more accurate approach for the assessment of Lp(a)-lowering agents and study of Lp(a)-associated risk compared with currently available assays.

BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION BY ENDOPHYTIC ISOLATES FROM RHIZOMES OF ZINGIBER ZERUMBET

Biosurfactants (BS) or green surfactants are amphiphilic compounds that enhance the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds and also exhibit anti-phytopathogenic properties. BSproducing isolates thus find applications in soil remediation and development of biocontrol agents. Endophytes that confer several benefits to host plant constitute a good resource for prospecting BSproducing isolates. The present study screened the Z. zerumbet endophytes identified in earlier studies for BS production by hydrocarbon overlay agar method, CTAB- Methylene blue agar assay and determining Emulsification Index (EI24). EI24 was observed as the most desirable parameter to determine BS production compared to hydrocarbon overlay agar and CTAB- methylene blue agar plate assay. Isolate ZzADK4 (Bacillus spp) showed highest emulsification activity (58%) determined as EI% with kerosene. UV-vis spectral scans identified the endophytes as producing LP class of BS with absorbance maxima spanning 207- 216 nm. LP class of BS producing endophytic isolates identified in the present study constitute potential solutions with applications in soil remediation and the development of biocontrol agents (BCAs).

Weight normalized deep neural networks

The generalization error is the difference between the expected risk and the empirical risk of a learning algorithm. This generalization error can be upper bounded by the Rademacher complexity of the underlying hypothesis class with high probability. This paper studies the function class of Lp, q weight normalized deep neural networks. We present a general framework for norm‐based capacity control and functional characterization for this class. In particular, we have established the upper bound on the Rademacher complexities of this family. Especially, with an L1, ∞ normalization, we discuss properties of a width‐independent capacity control, which only depends on the depth by a square root term. Furthermore, if the activation functions are anti‐symmetric, the bound on the Rademacher complexity is independent of both the width and the depth up to a log factor.

Entropy numbers of bilinear operators and related classes of type ℓp,q

Entropy numbers of bilinear operators are introduced and studied. The relationships among bilinear versions of linear properties and theorems, which are well-known in the linear case, are stated and proved, whilst relationships among entropy numbers and some s-numbers of bilinear operators are established.

Fixed point properties and reflexivity in variable Lebesgue spaces

In this paper the weak fixed point property (w-FPP) and the fixed point property (FPP) in Variable Lebesgue Spaces are studied. Given (Ω,Σ,μ) a σ-finite measure and p(⋅) a variable exponent function, the w-FPP is completely characterized for the variable Lebesgue space Lp(⋅)(Ω) in terms of the exponent function p(⋅) and the absence of an isometric copy of L1[0,1]. In particular, every reflexive Lp(⋅)(Ω) has the FPP and our results bring to light the existence of some nonreflexive variable Lebesgue spaces satisfying the w-FPP, in sharp contrast with the classic Lebesgue Lp-spaces. In connection with the FPP, we prove that Maurey's result for L1-spaces can be extended to the larger class of variable Lp(⋅)(Ω) spaces with order continuous norm, that is, every reflexive subspace of Lp(⋅)(Ω) has the FPP. Nevertheless, Maurey's converse does not longer hold in the variable setting, since some nonreflexive subspaces of Lp(⋅)(Ω) satisfying the FPP can be found. As a consequence, we discover that several nonreflexive Nakano sequence spaces ℓpn do have the FPP endowed with the Luxemburg norm. As far as the authors are concerned, this family of sequence spaces gives rise to the first known nonreflexive classic Banach spaces enjoying the FPP without requiring of any renorming procedure. The failure of asymptotically isometric copies of ℓ1 in Lp(⋅)(Ω) is also analyzed.

Generalized Localization Principle for Continuous Wavelet Decompositions

Spherically symmetric continuous wavelet decompositions are considered, and the notion of Riesz means is introduced for them. Generalized localization is proved for the decompositions under study in Lp classes without any restrictions on the wavelets. Further, generalized localization is studied for the Riesz means of wavelet decompositions of distributions from the Sobolev class with negative order of smoothness.

Higher order Turán inequalities for combinatorial sequences

The Turán inequality and its higher order analog arise in the study of Maclaurin coefficients of an entire function in the Laguerre-Pólya class. It is well known that if a real entire function ψ(x) is in the LP class, the Maclaurin coefficients satisfy both the Turán inequality and the higher order Turán inequality. Chen, Jia and Wang proved that for n≥95, the higher order Turán inequality holds for the partition function p(n) and the 3-rd associated Jensen polynomials p(n)+3p(n+1)x+3p(n+2)x2+p(n+3)x3 have only real zeros. Recently, Griffin, Ono, Rolen and Zagier showed that Jensen polynomials for a large family of functions, including those associated to ξ(s) and the partition function, are hyperbolic for sufficiently large n. This result gave evidence for Riemann hypothesis. In this paper, we give a unified approach to investigate the higher order Turán inequality for the sequences {an/n!}n≥0, where an satisfy a three-term recurrence relation. In particular, we prove higher order Turán inequality for the sequences {an/n!}n≥0, where an are the Motzkin numbers, the Fine number, the Franel numbers of order 3 and the Domb numbers. As a consequence, for these combinatorial sequences, the 3-rd associated Jensen polynomialsann!+3an+1(n+1)!x+3an+2(n+2)!x2+an+3(n+3)!x3 have only real zeros. Furthermore, for these combinatorial sequences we conjecture that for any given integer m≥4, there exists an integer N(m) such that for n>N(m), the m-th associated Jensen polynomials∑i=0m(mi)an+i(n+i)!xi have only real zeros.

MiR-486 and miR-92a Identified in Circulating HDL Discriminate between Stable and Vulnerable Coronary Artery Disease Patients.

Small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in gene regulation, including those involved in coronary artery disease (CAD). Our aim was to identify whether specific serum miRNAs present in the circulating lipoproteins (Lp) are associated with stable or vulnerable CAD patients. A cardiovascular disease-focused screening array was used to assess miRNAs distribution in sera collected from 95 CAD patients: 30 with stable angina (SA), 39 with unstable angina (UA), 26 at one month after myocardial infarction (MI) and 16 healthy control subjects. We found that miR-486, miR-92a and miR-122 presented the highest expression in CAD sera. These miRNA together with miR-125a, miR-146a and miR-33a were further individually analyzed by TaqMan assays. The results were consistent with PCR-array screening data that all of these miRNAs were significantly increased in CAD patients compared to controls. Using a binary logistic regression model, we established that miR-486 and miR-92a in association with some high-density lipoprotein (HDL) components can designate vulnerable CAD patients. Further, all classes of Lp were isolated from sera by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Analysis of the selected miRNAs in each Lp class showed that they were associated mainly with HDL, miR-486 and miR-92a having the highest levels. In UA and MI patients, miR-486 prevailed in HDL2, while miR-92a prevailed in HDL3, and their levels discriminate between stable and vulnerable CAD patients. We identified two circulating miRNAs that in association with some lipid metabolism biomarkers can be used as an additional tool to designate vulnerable CAD patients.

The strip problem for Lp functions

Let C be a strictly convex curve in the complex plane whose horizontal translates Ct fill up a strip S ⊆ C. For certain C which are perturbations of an ellipse, we prove that for f in a weighted Lp class on S with p > 2, if f has a holomorphic extension from almost every Ct, then f is holomorphic. The construction works for curves C with no horizontal or vertical symmetry.

Existence and uniqueness of weak solutions to Ginzburg–Landau equation with external noise and stochastic perturbation

In this paper, the Ginzburg–Landau and fractional Ginzburg–Landau equations with external noise and stochastic perturbations are studied, and we obtain the global existence and uniqueness of weak L1-solutions. Our proof is supported by the generalized Itô formula and a careful analysis of the nonlinear transport equation. After founding the well-posedness for the nonlinear transport problem in the class of Lp (1<p≤∞), we also gain the well-posedness of the Ginzburg–Landau and fractional Ginzburg–Landau equations in the same spaces, correspondingly.

The Conjoint Effect of Divisive Normalization and Orientation Selectivity on Redundancy Reduction in Natural Images

Bandpass filtering, orientation selectivity, and contrast gain control are prominent features of sensory coding at the level of V1 simple cells. While the effect of bandpass filtering and orientation selectivity can be assessed within a linear model, contrast gain control is an inherently nonlinear computation. Here we employ the class of Lp elliptically contoured distributions to investigate the extent to which the two features—orientation selectivity and contrast gain control—are suited to model the statistics of natural images. Within this framework we find that contrast gain control can play a significant role for the removal of redundancies in natural images. Orientation selectivity, in contrast, has only a very limited potential for redundancy reduction.

Curvature integrability of subdivision surfaces

We examine the smoothness properties of the principal curvatures of subdivision surfaces near irregular points. In particular we give an estimate of their Lp class based on the eigenstructure of the subdivision matrix. As a result we can show that the popular Loop and Catmull–Clark schemes (among many others) have square integrable principal curvatures enabling their use as shape functions in FEM treatments of the thin shell equations.

Hilbert discontinuous problem for an elliptic system of first-order differential equations of a Riemann surface

A qualitative study is made of a Hilbert boundary-value problem for solutions of an elliptic system of differential equations of Carleman type, formulated on a Riemann surface with boundary in an Lp class.

Hölder and $L^p$ estimates for the solutions of the $\bar\partial$-equation in non-smooth strictly pseudoconvex domains

Let D a bounded strictly pseudoconvex non-smooth domain in C'. In this paper we prove that the estimates in Lp and Lipschitz classes for the solutions of the ∂-equation with Lp-data in regular strictly pseudoconvex domains (see[2]) are also valid for D . We also give estimates of the same type for the ∂ in the regular part of the boundary of these domains.

Separable reflexive banach spaces that are universal for the class of the spaces Lp (1 &lt; p &lt; ?)

Separable reflexive banach spaces that are universal for the class of the spaces Lp (1 &lt; p &lt; ?)

An efficient algorithm for solving a special class of LP's

We consider LP's of the form max {cx|l≤Ax≤b, L≤x≤U} where,l,b,L,U are nonnegative andA is a 0–1 matrix which looks like “Manhattan Skyline”, i.e. the support of each row is contained in the support of every subsequent row. AnO(nm+nlogn) algorithm is presented for solving the problem.

The production and utility of monoclonal antibodies to rat apolipoprotein B lipoproteins

Murine hybridomas were prepared by fusion of azaguanine-resistant plasmacytoma cells and spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with intact rat lipoproteins (Lp). Seventeen stable hybridomas from 5 fusions producing antibody against rat apolipoprotein B (apo B)-containing Lp were prepared. The distribution of antigenic determinants of rat apo B variants defined by these antibodies was similar to that found for human apo B. Thirteen mAbs were reactive to epitopes found on both the higher (apo BH) and lower (apo B L) molecular weight forms of rat apo B; two were reactive to apo B H-specific epitopes and two were reactive to apolipoprotein E. No antibodies reactive to unique apo B L epitopes were found. One anti-rat apo B mAb (1.34.3) of high affinity and avidity was reactive to denatured and intact Lp-apo B. Reactivity towards Lp-apo B was independent of variant composition and density class of Lp. The mAb was subsequently used to develop a radioimmunoassay (RIA) which was sensitive down to 5 ng apo B. The assay was used successfully to measure total nascent Lp-apo B secreted by hepatocytes in culture.

Dynamics of plasma lipoprotein content in patients with peripheral and coronary&#x0D; atherosclerosis under the influence of hemosorption

According to modern concepts, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and its clinical manifestation - coronary artery disease (CHD) are caused by three main factors: dyslipoproteidemia. violation of the blood clot-forming system and vascular wall permeability. In terms of timely detection and treatment of this disease, the greatest attention is paid to dyslipoproteidemia. It is known that in the blood plasma of most patients with coronary heart disease, along with a possible increase in the concentration of low- and very low-density lipoproteins (LI), VLDL), there is a decrease in the concentration of high-density LI (LIBI). At the same time, in population studies, an increased frequency of cases of coronary heart disease was noted among persons with these disorders in the plasma LI system. Similar changes were found in patients with peripheral obliterating atherosclerosis, which, in all likelihood, have some common pathogenetic links with coronary atherosclerosis [8J. This correlation of biochemical and clinical data is mainly due to the ability of LDL and VLDL (that is, WHETHER containing a specific apoprotein B) to give cholesterol to cell membranes both through endocytosis and by a non-receptor mechanism during contact interaction with the cell [11]. At the same time, HDL, which has recently been called "anti-atherogenic", is not only able to accept cholesterol from cell membranes, transporting it to the liver, but also to inhibit the capture of endothelial cells of the LINI, inhibit cell proliferation and synthesis of aortic glycosaminoglycans [5]. These specific properties of individual classes of LP necessitate the search for ways to target the plasma LP system in order to reduce the concentration of apo-B-containing LP and increase the level of HDL. At the same time, with a number of dietary and drug effects that reduce the concentration of cholesterol in plasma (and, consequently, the level of LDL - its main transport form), for example, with a diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids or taking a number of drugs, in particular probucol [12], the concentration of antiatherogenic HDL also decreases, which undoubtedly reduces the therapeutic effectiveness of these effects.

Alterations of rat serum lipoproteins and lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase activity in praseodymium-induced liver damage.

During liver damage induced by i.v. injection of 10 mg/kg praseodymium nitrate (Pr) marked alterations of the serum lipids are observed in female Wistar rats. The triglycerides (TG) decrease to about 50% of the control values after 2 days. Total phospholipids (TPL) and cholesterol (C) show a parallel time course: a 50% decrease 2 and 4 days after Pr is followed by a 50% increase at 4 days. The changes in the TPL are mainly due to alterations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) concentration, while the decrease in the concentration of C during the first 2 days is caused by a decrease of the esterified cholesterol (EC), whereas unesterified cholesterol (UC) is responsible for the subsequent increase of C. The fractionation of the serum lipoproteins (Lp) by sequential ultracentrifugation demonstrates a different response to Pr in each Lp class. At 2 days the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration decreases by 50%. Experiments with Triton WR 1339 show an inhibition of hepatic TG secretion at this time. On the other hand, the LDL increases to more than four times the controls, 4 days after Pr. The accumulating LDL are abnormally rich in UC and PC. Up to 2 days after Pr the high density lipoprotein (HDL) content declines to about 20% of the concentration in control animals. During the subsequent recovery the lipid pattern alters, as UC and TPL are increased; the HDL2 are particularly involved. Concomitant with the changes in the lipid patterns of LDL and HDL the activity of serum lecithin-cholesterol-acyltransferase (LCAT) decreases to about 15%, 3 days after Pr. From our results we conclude:

A Comparative Study of Several Robust Estimates of Slope, Intercept, and Scale in Linear Regression

Abstract Three classes of M estimates for robust linear regression are investigated for various contaminated normal distributions, sample sizes, and distributions of the independent variable. These are the Lp estimates, the amt estimate, and a new class of estimates (Ea ) with bounded influence function. It is found that the Ea class consistently outperforms the Lp class, performs about as well as the amt estimate, and solutions for Ea estimates can be obtained rapidly and reliably. Results are also reported on a robust scale estimate in the Ea class which has negligible bias for normal distributions.