We overview our recent developments in the theory of dispersion‐managed (DM) solitons within the context of optical applications. First, we present a class of localized solutions with a period multiple to that of the standard DM soliton in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with periodic variations of the dispersion. In the framework of a reduced ordinary differential equation‐based model, we discuss the key features of these structures, such as a smaller energy compared to traditional DM solitons with the same temporal width. Next, we present new results on dissipative DM solitons, which occur in the context of mode‐locked lasers. By means of numerical simulations and a reduced variational model of the complex Ginzburg‐Landau equation, we analyze the influence of the different dissipative processes that take place in a laser.