Clarity Of Rules Research Articles

Kinerja Kelompok Lumbung Pangan Kabupaten Ciamis

Institutional performance is defined as the ability of an institution to use its resources efficiently and produce output that is in line with its objectives and relevant to the needs of its users. The main problems often faced by food barns in Ciamis Regency include weak institutional capacity and low participation, so this research aims to determine the performance of Food Barn Groups in Ciamis Regency. The type of research used in this research is the survey method. The data collected includes primary data and secondary data. Respondents were drawn using a simple random method. The number of respondents was 57. To determine the performance of food barns, they were divided into 3 categories, namely high, medium and low, and descriptive analysis was carried out. The results of the research show that the performance of the Food Granary Group in Ciamis Regency is in the high category. The level of institutional structure, clarity of rules, knowledge and participation of members is included in the high category, while the level of achievement is included in the medium category, this shows that the achievements targeted by the food barn are not optimal. The food barn's target achievement was not optimal due to the food barn members getting harvest results (production) that were less than optimal and the same as the previous year. Production is less than optimal due to pest attacks and erratic rainfall.

Urgensi Sui Generis Regime Permintaan Slot Geostationary Orbit melalui Perspektif Negara Khatulistiwa Khususnya Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the countries whose position is crossed by the equator, which is parallel to the Geostationary Orbit (GSO). The passing of Law No. 16 of 2002 marks Indonesia’s binding to the Outer Space Treaty, which encourages Indonesia to have regulations regarding the resolution of issues relating to the use of GSO slots in the national interest. Indonesia proposes a special legal regime that recognizes GSO as an independent territorywithout disturbing existing rules. This research emphasizes the urgency of creating a fair and equitable legal framework in utilizing GSO, especially for developing countries. This research aims to explore legal certainty in the context of space utilization and exploration, especially Geostationary Orbit (GSO). This research uses a normative juridical method with the main approaches, namely legislation and conceptual. The results show the needfor a special regime that regulates the utilization of GSO so that there is no gap between countries with the principles of maintaining peace, justice and mutual benefit, with the hope of providing clarity of rules and guidelines in exploring and utilizing space safely and fairly.

Security and Privacy in AI-Driven Industry 5.0: Experimental Insights and Threat Analysis

This empirical research offers important insights from simulated industrial situations as it examines security and privacy in AI-driven Industry 5.0. When responding to security problems, participants' remarkable average reaction time of 14 minutes demonstrated their preparedness. On a 5-point rating scale, the clarity and openness of privacy rules were scored 3.8 overall; however, differences between 3.5 and 4.2 indicated the range of privacy issues. These results highlight the need of well-defined security procedures, thorough training, and easily available, transparent privacy regulations in order to manage the ethical integration of AI into Industry 5.0 and promote stakeholder confidence and data protection.

The Impact of School Operational Assistance Funds on Students' Performance in Jakarta

This study explores the impact of School Operational Assistance (BOS) funds on school performance in DKI Jakarta province, Indonesia. The research focuses on schools ranked in the top 1000 in the Computer Based Writing Examination (UTBK) in 2021 and 2022. BOS funds are distributed by the Ministry of Education and Culture to provide non-personnel costs for educational units and are expected to enhance the quality of education. Using correlation analysis, the study found that in 2021, there was no significant difference in school performance between schools that received or did not receive BOS funds. However, in 2022, the research reveals that the number of students who received BOS funds can predict the UTBK score, indicating that BOS funds do impact school performance. The study concludes that the distribution of BOS funds has a positive impact on school quality, but it requires accountability, transparency, stakeholder involvement, and clarity of rules to be successful.

Longitudinal Association of Changes in Parental Correlates With Screen Time in Chinese Preschoolers.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between the changes in parent-related factors and preschoolers exceeding screen time (ST) recommendations. A longitudinal analysis using 2-year follow-up data from 4 kindergartens (n = 409) was conducted in Zhejiang, China, from 2019 to 2021. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the potential parental modifiable predictors. The significant associations of baseline ST, change in screen accessibility, and the interaction of preschooler ST with maternal ST change with preschooler follow-up ST were observed. For preschool-aged children with baseline ST ≤ 1hour per day, the follow-up of preschoolers with ST > 1hour per day increased significantly when parental clarity of their ST rules decreased or remained low. For preschool children with baseline ST > 1hour per day, follow-up ST increased significantly when their father kept ST >2hours per day, when the screen accessibility became or remained easy, or when parental awareness of the ST decreased. Changes in parental correlates played an important role in preschooler ST based on 2-year longitudinal data. Early interventions should focus on improving the clarity of parental rules and perceptions, as well as on reducing parental ST and accessibility of home screens.

School structure, bullying by teachers, moral disengagement, and students' aggression: A mediation model.

AimUnderstanding interrelations between the factors predicting students’ aggressive behavior is a priority for bullying-prevention programs. Our study explores two possible mechanisms linking school disciplinary structure and students’ aggression. We test students’ moral disengagement and bullying by teachers as mediational pathways from school authoritative discipline to students’ aggressive behavior.MethodsWe used a regionally representative sample of 213 schools that participated in a school climate survey in Kaluga Oblast (a federal subject of Russia) in 2019. The analytical sample contained the anonymous responses of 16,809 students from grades 6–9 (12–15 years old); 51% of the respondents were girls. The analytical procedure consisted of structural equation modeling (SEM), which was implemented in Mplus 8.7.ResultsThe mediation model fit the data well, suggesting that the clarity and fairness of school rules negatively predicted peer aggression, while student moral disengagement and bullying by teachers independently and partially mediated this association.ConclusionWe confirm that authoritative school climate, characterized by a clear and fair disciplinary structure, is associated with a decrease in bullying. Novel result is the evidence for mediating mechanisms and the influence of teachers’ aggression on students’ behavior. Prevention programs designed to increase the fairness and consistency of school rules, eliminate bullying and humiliation from teachers, and decrease students’ moral disengagement may reduce violence and victimization at school.

Power sources among district health managers in Ghana: a qualitative study

BackgroundIn Ghana district directors of health services and district hospital medical superintendents provide leadership and management within district health systems. A healthy relationship among these managers is dependent on the clarity of formal and informal rules governing their routine duties. These rules translate into the power structures within which district health managers operate. However, detailed nuanced studies of power sources among district health managers are scarce. This paper explores how, why and from where district health directors and medical superintendents derive power in their routine functions.MethodsA multiple case study was conducted in three districts; Bongo, Kintampo North and Juaboso. In each case study site, a cross-sectional design was used to explore the research question. Purposive sampling technique was used to select study sites and 61 participants for interview and focus group discussion. A total of 11 interviews (3 in each district and 2 with deputy regional directors), and 9 focus group discussions (3 in each district) were conducted. Transcriptions of the voice-recordings were done verbatim, cleaned and imported into the Nvivo version 11 software for analysis using the inductive content analysis approach.ResultsThe findings revealed that legitimacy provides formal power source for district health managers since they are formally appointed by the Director General of the Ghana Health Service after going through the appointment processes. These appointments serve as the primary power source for district health managers based on the existing legal and policy framework of the Ghana Health Service. Additionally, resource control especially finances and medical dominance are major informal sources of power that district health managers often employ for the management and administration of their functional areas in the health districts.ConclusionsThe study concludes that district health managers derive powers primarily from their positions within the hierarchical structure (legitimacy) of the district health system. Secondary sources of power stems from resource control (medical dominance and financial dominance), and these power sources inform the way district health managers relate to each other. This paper recommends that district health managers are oriented to understand the power dynamics in the district health system.

Transparency in the Financial and Administrative Control Authority in the Sultanate of Oman: Pillars and Dimensions

The study aims to identify transparency in the Financial and Administrative Control Authority in the Sultanate of Oman. The problem of the study lies in the low status of Omani institutions in the Global Corruption Perceptions Index, which reflects the spread of financial and administrative corruption in the Financial and Administrative Control Authority in the Sultanate of Oman. The study highlights the importance of shedding light on transparency in the Financial and Administrative Control Authority in the Sultanate of Oman. The study followed the descriptive analytical approach to describe and analyze transparency in the Financial and Administrative Control Authority in the Sultanate of Oman. The study reached many results, including that the Financial and Administrative Control Authority is trying to apply governance standards in accordance with the instructions issued in this regard. The results showed that one of the most important dimensions of transparency is the possibility of separating powers, practicing transparency in the areas of public life, and activating the law. The results also showed that the pillars of transparency are clarity of work rules in institutions, the dimensions of suspicious personalities from financial and administrative work, rationalization of consumption, and ensuring access to information by the Financial and Administrative Control Authority in the Sultanate of Oman. The results concluded that the application of transparency greatly contributed to enhancing the freedom of access to information, and the reports of the supervisory bodies on the situation inside the institutions received a lot of attention from the public, which indicates the importance of the prominent media role played by the supervisory institutions in order to enhance the role of transparency. The study recommended the need to expand the application of transparency elements in the financial and administrative control body in the Sultanate of Oman. The study also recommended that the practice of transparency contributes to the spread of more freedoms in society, but it is of the opinion that the application of transparency should not be limited to the public employee in institutions only without looking at the higher leaders, as these leaders may be one of the causes of financial and administrative corruption. The study also recommended that the supervisory authorities have many foundations and standards in the matter of punishment and accountability without prejudice to the rights of the employee, as well as researching the reasons for his fraud and obtaining illegal funds from the institution in which he works.

Student perceptions of the classroom environment, student characteristics, and motivation for music lessons at secondary school

The literature suggests that there is often no alignment between student preferences and what and how it is taught in the music classroom. A total of 749 Cypriot secondary school students, aged 12 to 14 years, responded to a survey addressing enjoyment of music, motivation for school music lessons, and perceptions of the music classroom environment. The survey included a questionnaire with six subscales: Involvement, Affiliation, Teacher Support, Task Orientation, Order and Organization, and Rule Clarity. High ratings for Affiliation, Teacher Support, and Rule Clarity suggest that, overall, students’ perceptions of the classroom environment were positive. They were not uniform, but varied on the basis of student characteristics. Girls rated Rule Clarity higher than boys. Younger students tended to rate Task Orientation, Order and Organization, and Rule Clarity higher than older students. Higher-achieving students tended to rate Affiliation and Teacher Support higher. Older boys rated Involvement lower than younger boys, whereas older girls rated Involvement higher than younger girls. It can be inferred that boys experienced a gradual increase in perceived Affiliation as their achievement improved, although the pattern was less consistent for girls. Girls tended to report higher motivation for school music lessons than boys. Motivation was enhanced by classroom environments in which students experienced higher levels of enjoyment of music, engagement, and support from teachers. The findings show that the music classroom environment should be characterized by student engagement, clarity of rules, good organization, clear goals, teacher support, and affiliation between classmates.

Structural empirical model of personal positive youth development, parenting, and school climate

AbstractThis study tested an empirical model of the relationship between Personal Positive Youth Development (PPYD) and two contextual factors: Positive Parenting (PP), and Perception of the Climate and Functioning of the School (PcfS). The hypothesis tested was that a positive relationship with parents and a positive perception of the school will contribute to the prediction of PPYD. The sample was composed of 1507 adolescents recruited in 10 Spanish schools who were aged between 12 and 18 years and 52% were female. PPYD was evaluated through Dispositional optimism, Self‐competence, and Sense of coherence. PP was evaluated through Affect and communication, Autonomy granting, Humor, and Self‐disclosure. PcfS was evaluated through School climate, School bonds, Clarity of rules and values, and Empowerment. Previous reliability and validity analyses of the constructs were carried out, and correlational analyses and structural predictions were made. The results show that both PP and PcfS were associated with better scores in PPYD. Also, a positive correlation between those two contextual factors was found. Implications for applied research are discussed.

TANGGUNGJAWAB HUKUM USAHA KLINIK KESEHATAN DI KOTA TARAKAN TERHADAP SEGALA RESIKO USAHA

Abstract This study investigated the legal liability of health clinics in the city of Tarakan for all business risks in terms of the Health Act, the Consumer Protection Act and the Minister of Health’s Regulation on Clinics. As one of many health facilities in Indonesia, clinic is easily accessible by the community. Clinical patients are not only protected by the Health Act but also by the Consumer Protection Act. Clinics as providers of health services are responsible for the actions of health workers to their patients because of the relationship between patients and clinics, which is that the clinic guarantees that every health worker who does his work in the clinic will do his best to heal patients. By basing that the importance of the Informed Concent in medical action, the rights of patients are more respected and protected. The results of the study suggest that clarity of rules and consistency of policies must be increased because they have a huge impact on public trust in the government so that responses to health services will be well coordinated. Doctors / health workers must be more responsible for medical actions that will / have been carried out in the context of fulfilling health services to patients in order to foster an honest and responsible attitude for all health workers who perform health services in the clinic.

Assessing Pre-Service Teachers View On Improving Discipline in Colleges of Education in Ghana: A Study at Wesley College of Education

Education at every level is expected to affect behaviour of those who experience it. This makes discipline very essential component in delivery of education. The study was a case study designed to examine students’ views on improving discipline in Colleges of Education. Data was collected from 244 respondents at Wesley College of Education in Ashanti Region, Ghana using a 4-point Likert and 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The data were analysed using frequency and percentage. The study revealed that students viewed the concept of discipline as punishment which was generally perceived as severe. Punishment in the College included withdrawing students’ privileges, in-school suspension and out-of-school suspension among others. They regarded the causes of indiscipline to be the result of lack of students’ participation in the decision making process of the school, unclear rules. Students’ indiscipline was also attributed to bad training at home, students falling into bad company in school and lack of freedom for students. However disciplinary measures such as the use of guidance and counselling services, religious training, and parental involvement, had more positive responses. Based on the findings, some recommendations were made to improve discipline in Colleges of Education. For instance, there should be clarity of rules, this will enable students to understand the rules and abide by them. In addition, Students of colleges should be taught the value of self-discipline. These will help the student teacher to learn more appropriate ways to ensure discipline when they go out to practice.

Measuring the quality of the Working Alliance in Flemish community supervision practice: A validation study of the Working Alliance for Mandated Clients Inventory

This article describes the psychometric properties and factor structure of the Working Alliance for Mandated Clients Inventory (WAMC-I). First, we explain how, in contrast to other European jurisdictions such as England and Wales, community supervision in Belgium remains a specific form of social work practice, which is referred to as “social work under judicial mandate” (Devos, 2009: 18). Just as in general social work practice, the professional relationship between practitioners and clients1 is considered to be of paramount importance in community supervision practice. To capture the essence of this professional relationship, we draw on the pan-theoretical concept of the Working Alliance (WA) (Bordin, 1979) and a theoretical adaptation of this concept for the field of community supervision (Menger, 2018). Building on this theoretical adaptation, an instrument to measure the WA was developed for the Dutch context of community supervision: the WAMC-I. The objective of the present study is to assess the psychometric properties and factor structure of the WAMC-I with a sample of justice assistants2 and clients in the Flemish Houses of Justice. This study offers an elaborated conceptualization and operationalization of the concept of the WA. Preliminary tests on the psychometric properties and factor structure of the WAMC-I show that three factors on the WAMC-I for professionals proved valid and reliable: trust, clarity of rules and regulations and reactance. However, tests on the WAMC-I for clients showed no factor solution. Based on the theoretical framework of the WA and scientific-methodological arguments we express our reservations about the use of the WAMC-I and offer suggestions for improvement.

Relationship between Impersonal Trust and Innovative Culture: An Empirical Study

In the contemporary economic reality, which is based on relations, the role of trust both in the intra- and inter-organisational context is growing in importance. Impersonal trust is characterized by considerable durability and forms a solid framework for developing interpersonal trust. In consequence, many researchers’ attention is drawn towards practices aimed at the development of such trust. The goal of the paper is to analyse potential relations between the degree of impersonal trust and innovative culture and, in particular, to operationalise the variables, i.e. determine the dimensions of impersonal trust and innovative culture, estimate the impact of the individual dimensions of the former onto those of the latter. The survey was conducted in Poland among 630 employees of large and mediumsized enterprises. Verification of the theoretical model was performed based on structural equation modeling. The research led to the identification of dependencies between the particular dimensions of impersonal trust and innovative culture, confirming the importance of impersonal trust in the process of shaping organisational culture. Impersonal trust was recognized as a separate construct which determines the nature of innovative culture. Feeling of security has special significance at workplace because guarantees stability, durability and openness in relations, enhances creativity of staff and gives them freedom to try non-conventional solutions to problems. Organisational assurance, i.e. a conviction about the clarity of rules and principles, open communication and making staff feel they are included in organisational processes, has a weaker impact on the dimensions of innovative culture when compared to feeling of security.

Teacher’s use of praise, clarity of school rules and classroom climate: comparing classroom compositions in terms of disruptive students

Clarity of school rules and teachers’ use of praise are strategies suggested to facilitate a positive classroom climate. Studies indicate difficulties for teachers to use such approaches in classrooms with higher levels of disruption. To study (1) if student-rated clarity of school rules, use of praise, and classroom climate differ between students in classes with lower numbers of disruptive students versus classes with higher numbers, (2) if clarity of school rules and teacher’s use of praise are longitudinally associated with classroom climate, (3) if the possible longitudinal association differs between groups, classes (n = 109) in school grades 5–7 were divided into two groups, based on head teacher ratings of disruptive students in class. Baseline and 12-month follow-up responses collected within a Swedish trial were used to perform multiple regression analysis, to compare groups and to investigate possible longitudinal associations. Students in classes with less disruption rated all variables more positively. Classroom climate deteriorated over time in both groups, even if the low disruption group perceived their climate as more positive at follow up. Clarity of school rules did not substantially contribute to classroom climate longitudinally, whereas teacher’s use of praise to some extent did. The difference in longitudinal associations between groups was marginal, hence our hypothesis on weaker associations in the high disruption group could not be confirmed. Clarity of school rules is not longitudinally associated with classroom climate, but teachers may positively influence the learning environment by giving praise, regardless of level of disruption.

Perceptions of School Climate Among Subgroups of Aggressive and Victimized Youth

The present study examined how perceptions of school climate differ across subgroups of early adolescents with distinct patterns of involvement in aggression and victimization. We identified subgroups among 800 sixth-grade students (87% African American, 51% female) based on latent class analysis of items assessing aggression and victimization. Consistent with previous research, we found support for a four-class solution that identified the following subgroups: aggressive-victims (8%), predominant-victims (12%), predominant-aggressors (28%), and youth with limited involvement (52%). Predominant-aggressors and aggressive-victims reported lower levels of teacher support and consistency and clarity of school rules than nonaggressive subgroups. Among male adolescents, aggressive-victims reported more positive perceptions of peer interactions than predominant-aggressors. Findings provide evidence that perceptions of school climate are related to early adolescents’ pattern of involvement in aggression and victimization, which has implications for school-based interventions targeting aggressive behavior.

Analyzing the Relevance of VRA Resettlement Trust Fund as a Benefit Sharing Mechanism

The Volta River Authority Resettlement Trust Fund’ (VRA RTF) was established by the Ghanaian Government, with some threshold of assistance the VRA outfit. More than thirty years after the dam’s construction project got its finality, a scheme was subsequently introduce to ensure that earnings emanating from the dam’s activities would be of immense relevance to the deranged folks by providing socio-economic amenities like water and sanitation, infrastructural developmental projects among others. However, financing deficiencies appear to be an indispensable and integral setback as far as the pursuance of the Trust’s mission is concerned. The study set out to analyze the relevance of VRA RTF as a benefit sharing mechanism in Ghana, specifically, using the employees of VRA RTF in conjunction the resettlers belonging to Senchi Ferry Township (VRATFCs). Among other objectives, the study determined the distinctive relevance of RTFs to affected individuals, identified the key monetary and non-monetary benefit sharing mechanisms (BSMs) adopted by project developers for displaced individuals, in addition to the critical challenges confronting the smooth functioning of RTFs in Ghana. Both qualitative and quantitative methods of research was adopted for the study. Convenience sampling using questionnaire instrumentation was used to collect data from the staff of VRA RTF and chosen Senchi Ferry Township resettlers. A 5-Point Likert scale which was later fine-tuned into the Relative Importance Index (RII), SPSS Version 22.0 and Microsoft Excel were used for the data analysis. The results indicated the 6 distinctive relevance of RTFs at VRATFCs as water and sanitation, educational enhancement, health improvement, improvement of agricultural projects, community development via socio-cultural activities. To add to this, the 5 key monetary and non-monetary benefit sharing mechanisms as revealed by the participants’ were as follows: revenue sharing, development funds, property taxes, equity sharing as well as livelihood and restoration enhancement. More so, with reference to the critical challenges confronting the smooth functioning of RTFs at VRATFCs, 6 bottlenecks realized were as follows: improper costing of relocation packages (ineffective budgeting), inadequate compensation of displaced individuals, inactive involvement of the displaced individuals in the decision making process, insufficient grant allocation to the fund, clarity of rules and policies relating to fund disbursement, vis-à-vis questionable timing of the resettlement processes. It is recommended that the management of VRA RTF, well-informed resettlers and policy-makers at VRATFCs in Ghana and beyond strictly adheres to the establishment of project specific development funds, accountability and transparency regimes, active involvement of resettlers in the decision making process, increment of grant to the RTF, adequate compensation of displaced individuals, effective costing of relocation packages. This strategic initiatives will inadvertently go a long way to manage the issues identified during the study.

Perceptions of engagement and school climate: Differences between once-retained and multiple-retained students in Brazil

ABSTRACTDifferences in self-reported perceptions of cognitive-behavioral and emotional engagement between students who were continuously promoted, retained once, or retained multiple times were examined in this study of 199 students, grades 5–9, in Brazil. Retained students reported significantly less cognitive-behavioral engagement than their promoted peers. Students retained multiple times, but not those retained only once, reported less emotional engagement. Group differences also were found in two of six areas of school climate: fairness and clarity of rules, and school safety. Findings suggest the need for interventions that target school engagement and school climate to reduce the use of retention.

Elementary and Secondary School Students’ Perceptions of Teachers’ Classroom Management Competencies

Teachers with proper training in knowledge transfer to different students, in the creation of suitable learning conditions, the motivation of students for active cooperation and peer learning, in the formation of classroom community, as well as independent and responsible personalities, can provide quality education. Teacher’s classroom management competencieslargely determine the potential of achieving educational goals and helping pupils form integral personalities. Studies show that teachers lack competencies for classroom management and ensuring discipline in the classroom. In the article, we present the results of empirical study on students’ perceptions on teachers’ classroom management competencies in two different subjects, mathematics and Slovene language. A total of 907 students from elementary and secondary schools in Slovenia participated in the study. Differences in students’ assessments have been established in reference to school level and subject. Students’ responses show that secondary school teachers are more focused on achieving educational goals, while aspects of forming a suitable class climate remain less important. The components of quality classroom management (maintenance of supportive learning climate, trusting students) are present in Slovene classes in a larger extent in comparison to maths classes, particularly at the elementary school level. Secondary school students assessed the clarity of rules, student obligations and paying attention in class higher in maths than in Slovene. The results of student’s assessment of teacher competencies imply a need for additional research on teachers’ classroom management competencies in different curriculum subject.

Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah Menuju Transparansi Dan Akuntabilitas Di Kantor Dppkad Kabupaten Pati

Their decentralization gives local authorities to set their own financial management in a transparent and accountable according to the principles of good governance. This study was conducted to analyze the transparency and accountability of financial management, analyze the factors driving and inhibiting transparency and accountability of financial management in Pati regency DPPKAD with descriptive qualitative method. Data collected through interviews with informants and observations. This study uses the theory Djalil transparency of the legal framework, public access, inspection by the audit institution, early warning systems and community involvement. Warsito accountability theory of the political aspects, financial aspects, community satisfaction, consistency of office, the satisfaction of the apparatus, according to the rules of service. Theory factors driving and inhibiting transparency of Wiharto as well as driving and inhibiting accountability of Warsito. The results showed symptoms such as transparency of the legal framework, institutions examination, early warning systems have been met, the obstacles that the unavailability of public access through the internet, lack of public enthusiasm. There are symptoms of accountability obstacles that delayed absorption. The driving factor of transparency that is the function accuracy, clarity of rules, competition healthy environment, factors driving patterns of leadership accountability, freedom of the press, the role of stakeholders. Factors that still hamper the transparency that is overlapping rules, while inhibiting factor accountability does not impede financial management DPPKAD Pati regency. There are some suggestions that can be done such as training web management to support public access, dissemination to the public to attract enthusiasm, sanctions to SKPD that is behind schedule in sequestration budget, conduct competency-based training, provide rewards in particular, review the task function Bapermasdes and Governance to address regulatory overlap.