Clarification Of Theory Research Articles

Readings in Times of Crisis: New Interpretations of Stories about the Settlement of Iceland

Readings in Times of Crisis: New Interpretations of Stories about the Settlement of Iceland

Demystify a Positive Role of L1 in L2 Acquisition: In the Case of Chinese Aspect Marker Le

This study aims to uncover a positive role of L1 in L2 acquisition through analyzing the positive effect of Chinese aspect marker le on the use of English simple past by Chinese EFL learners. The theoretical framework is set first, with clarification of theories about tense and aspect as well as discussion of the impacts of L1 on SLA. Following a review of Chinese aspect marker le, relevant empirical research and teaching practice are cited to demonstrate the positive influence of le on the L2 English simple past use. This positive transfer of Chinese Aspect Marker le is explained using transfer theory and connectionism. The present study is meant to arouse L2 English teachers’ awareness of the benefits of L1 so that they can capitalize on L2 learners’ native language to facilitate their students’ L2 learning.

Haugerudbekken: Community Improvement through Socially Engaged Art

Haugerudbekken is the collective title of a series of art projects where two local artists (the authors of this article) collaborate with pupils from local schools in Haugerud to create public art installations in the neighbourhood. Haugerudbekken may be considered a practical exploration guided by principles in the fields of socially engaged art (SEA), teaching artists (TA) and community artists (CA). The project is being undertaken within the broader context of a government run local improvement initiative in the Oslo suburbs of Haugerud and Trosterud. A growing demand for art entering a societal context (like urban development) calls for approaches emphasizing dialogue, communication and local affiliation. As this demand grows, so does the need for best-practice guidance for initiating artists as well as for policymakers and others inviting artists to contribute. Furthermore, our approach as independent artists working within a community setting might also benefit from clarification of theory and framework in this field. This article therefore aims to share knowledge gathered through our three years (and still ongoing) working on Haugerudbekken, pinpointing what we believe to be key success factors as well as challenges in our project. Findings are discussed in relation to existing theory and relevant practice in SEA, TA and CA informing existing guidelines as well as terminology.

Risk and Uncertainty Revisited: A Clarification of Theory and Application

Risk and Uncertainty Revisited: A Clarification of Theory and Application

THE TWO-TRACK MODEL OF BEREAVEMENT: OVERVIEW, RETROSPECT, AND PROSPECT

Sustaining meaning in life, maintaining emotional well-being, and balancing attachments to the living and the deceased are features associated with the psychological (and often private) impact of loss. In the Two-Track Model of Bereavement, the loss process is conceptualized along two distinct but interactive axes that attend to these overt and covert aspects of the response to loss. Whereas Track I is concerned with biopsychosocial functioning in the wake of loss, it is Track II that focuses on the bereaved's ongoing emotional attachment and relationship to the deceased. The contributions of the model to theory and research can serve to clarify our thinking about bereavement as a process resonating throughout one's life. Initially, research and clinical findings from bereaved parents are presented to illustrate the Two-Track Model and its contribution to the deepening of our understanding of loss throughout the life cycle. The contributions of the model to clinical practice are then considered for their ability to clarify our thinking and interventions. Two clinical cases illustrate situations where a predominant focus is on one or the other of these tracks. Ultimately, the Two-Track Model of Bereavement's use extends to the organization and clarification of theory, research, and clinical work.

Comment on: A Clarification of Theories and Evidence on Supplier-Induced Demand for Physicians' Services

Comment on: A Clarification of Theories and Evidence on Supplier-Induced Demand for Physicians' Services

A Clarification of Theories and Evidence on Supplier-Induced Demand for Physicians' Services

This article both simplifies and extends the literature on physician-induced demand. It shows that inducement should be expected in all imperfectly competitive markets that are also characterized by incomplete agency relationships. More important, it argues that confusion over the extent of the inducement phenomenon has been created by several contributions that fail to distinguish between the effects of changes in physician-population ratios on changes in the individual physician's output, and the effects on per-capita utilization. In particular, it demonstrates that, by confounding units of analysis, the major empirical results found in recent articles by Rossiter and Wilensky are contradicted by their model. Their evidence, however, together with findings from other studies, are reinterpreted to suggest that physicians are even more constrained, than is generally believed, in being able to induce increases in demand.

The Future of Psychiatry

The practice of psychiatry is, I am sure, full of satisfaction—win, lose, or draw with the patient. There is joy in success; heightened interest and determination in the face of failure. It is only when we try to make what we do intelligible that the difficulties multiply and, for good reason, the anxiety mounts. This difficulty is common to all professions. All have secrets: some to be concealed from the public, some from colleagues, some even from oneself, the ultra-privatissima. But psychiatrists who believe in uncovering when covering hampers performance may be uuder special mandate to steel themselves to its pains. In any case, since I also believe that the future of psychiatry is bound up so much more with clarification of theory than inventions of practice, I shall assume that the pressures of necessity are added to the fortitude and patience for which I ask.