Clamped Spring Research Articles

Design and Modeling of FEM Seals with Controlled Clamp Spring Elements

The theme of this article is the design and strength analysis for two types of rotary seals which use shape memory materials to the radial terminal. In this paper, basic types of technical seals were brought up and shape memory materials were described. Based on these pieces of information and product catalogue of Trelleborg, there were designed two types of seals with coils of wire and shape memory. After the project of building the seals was prepared, strength tests were carried out in ANSYS Workbench program. In the case of the seal type TRG two types of analysis were carried out: the first simulating the assembly of the seal, and the second, which is the extension of the first, including additionally the coil terminal of wire. For the seal type TRA, two types of analysis were conducted as well: the first including assembly and coil terminal and the second comprising additionally loading the seal with working pressure. After selecting the materials, declaring the environment and the loads with accordance to the findings of the analyses and performing computations the results were provided. As the output there were chosen: the total reduced deformation, reduced stress and reduced load.

Analysis of Steady Collision Vibration in Simply-Supported-Beam Having an Attached Mass with Restoring Force of Hysteresis Loops

This paper deals with the collision vibration in continuous system excited by periodic displacement with arbitrary functions. The analytical model is steady collision vibration in simply-supported-beam having an attached mass which collides elastically to symmetric faces with restoring force of hysteresis loops. In order to clarify the main resonance of the system subjected to excitation by displacement, the resulting vibration is analyzed applying the Fourier series method for this system. Following this theoretical analysis, the numerical calculations are also performed, and the resonance curves are constructed using the resulting vibrations. Effects of the stiffness of clamped spring, the ratio of attached mass and the amplitude of excitation on the resonance curves are shown as an example of numerical results.

Vertically Pluggable and Compact 10-Gb/s$\,\times\,$12-Channel Optical Modules With Anisotropic Conductive Film for Over 100-Gb/s Optical Interconnect Systems

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We have developed a vertically pluggable and compact 12-channel optical module for intercabinet and intracabinet optical interconnections. Error-free and over 10 Gb/s operation of the optical module with an electrical and optical connector have been demonstrated. The module is designed to be 10 mm in width, 10 mm in length, and 6 mm in thickness so that it can be placed around the central processing units. This compact optical module can be mounted on the inner board area. Further, this module is vertically pluggable in the <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${z}$</tex></formula>-direction, i.e., in a direction that is perpendicular to the board. Because of the vertical pluggability, the optical modules can be repaired much more easily. The optical connector used in the low-height module has 12 fine-drawn graded-index multimode fibers (MMFs). These fibers have a high relative refractive index difference (<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\Delta$</tex></formula>) and are bent with a 2 mm radius of curvature. The electrical connector consists of an anisotropic conductive film that is sandwiched between an alumina substrate and a printed circuit board with a clamp spring. We have used the alumina substrate to mount the optical device and the driver integrated circuit, because of its high thermal conductivity. In order to reduce cost, we have not used either a microlens or a metal-coated mirror in the optical module. Furthermore, passive alignment between the MMFs and the optical device has been achieved using guide pins assembled in the alumina substrate. </para>

任意変位周期励振を受けるばね-質量系の定常衝突振動 : 第1報,調和共振,高調波共振および分数調波共振における応答振動解析(機械力学,計測,自動制御)

This paper deals with response vibration in single-degree-of-freedom excited by periodic displacement with arbitrary functions. The analytical model is steady collision vibration in spring-mass system with viscous damping. When the system is subjected to an exciting vibration by displacement and amplitude of the mass increases farther than collision clearance, the mass collides elastically to clamped spring. Then, the restitution force of the mass is assumed an asymmetric piecewise-linear system. In order to clarify harmonic, superharmonic and subharmonic resonances of the collision system, the resulting vibrations are analyzed extending the Fourier series method which is proposed by authors. Following this theoretical analysis, the numerical calculations are performed and the resonance curves are constructed using the resulting vibrations. The numerical results show effects on the damping ratio, the stiffness of clamped spring and the amplitude of forced vibration for resonance curves. Experiments are also carried out to verify the theoretical results. Comparing the theoretical results with the experimental ones, it is shown that they show a fairy good agreement.

21717 任意周期励振を受ける2自由度ばね-質量系の定常衝突振動 : 主共振および高調波共振における解析(アクティブ・係数励振系,OS.4 振動・音響の制振技術,学術講演)

This paper deals with impact vibration in a mass-spring system for two-degree-of-freedom excited by periodic force with arbitrary functions. The analytical model is steady impact vibration having two masses which one mass is subjected to an exciting vibration, and the elastic collision is done to another mass when amplitude of the mass exceeds than the clearance. Then the restitution force has characteristics of an unsymmetric piecewise-linear system. In order to analyze the resulting vibration for the main and the superharmonic resonance, the Fourier series method is applied to obtain an exact solution for resulting vibration. Next, following the theoretical analysis, the numerical calculations are performed to obtain the resonance curves. The numerical results show effects of the stiffness of the clamped spring and the mass ratio on the resonance curves.

120 任意周期関数励振を受ける2自由度ばね-質量系の定常衝突振動解析 : 主共振,高調波共振および分数調波共振における応答解析

This paper deals with collision vibration in a mass-spring-system for two-degree-of-freedom excited by periodic force with arbitrary functions. The analytical model is steady collision vibration having two masses which one mass is subjected to an exciting vibration, and the elastic collision is done to another mass when amplitude of the mass exceeds than the clearance between upper mass and lower mass. Then the restitution force is assumed to be characteristics of an unsymmetric piecewise-linear system. In order to analyze the resulting vibration for harmonic, superharmonic and subharmonic resonances, the Fourier series method is applied to obtain an exact solution for resulting vibration. Next, following the theoretical analysis, the numerical calculations are performed to obtain the resonance curves. The numerical results show effects of the stiffness of clamped spring and the mass ratio on the resonance curves.

Analysis of Steady Impact Vibration in Continuous System Excited by Periodic Displacement with Arbitrary Function (The Case Where Analytical Model Is Simply-Supported-Beam with an Attached Mass)

This paper deals with impact vibration in continuous system excited by periodic displacement with arbitrary functions. The analytical model is a system of steady collision vibration with an attached mass in simply supported-beam at both ends. The attached mass collides elastically with clamped spring of asymmetrical faces. In order to clarify the main resonance of the system subjected to excitation by displacement, the resulting vibrations are analyzed using the Fourier series method and an exact solution is proposed for this system. Following the theoretical analyses, numerical calculations are performed, and the resonance curves are made using the resulting vibrations. Effects of the stiffness of clamped spring, the ratio of attached mass and the amplitude of excitation on the resonance curves are shown by numerical results. For verification of the analytical method, experiments are also performed. The numerical results are in a fairly good agreement with the experimental ones.

322 変位周期励振を受ける固定-単純支持はりの衝突振動解析 : はり途中で弾性衝突する場合

This paper deals with impact vibration in continuous system excited by periodic force with arbitrary functions. The analytical model is steady impact vibration for a fixed-simply supported beam. The beam collides elastically to clamped spring of symmetric faces at an arbitrary midpoint of span. In order to clarify the main resonance of the system subjected to excitation by displacement, the resulting vibrations are analyzed by applying the Fourier series method for this system. Following these theoretical analyses, numerical calculations are performed, and the resonance curves are made by using the resulting vibration. Effects of the stiffness of clamped spring, the collision position ratio and the amplitude of excitation on the resonance curves are shown by numerical results. For verification of the analytical method, experiments are performed. The numerical results are in a fairly good agreement with the experimental ones.

601 スマート構造物のき裂損傷を考慮した振動制御

This paper deals with impact vibration in a mass-spring system for two-degree-of-freedom excited by periodic force with arbitrary functions. The analytical model is steady impact vibration for two-degree-of- freedom having two masses in which one mass is subjected to an exciting vibration. Then the restoring force, which has characteristics of an unsymmetric piecewise-linear system, collides elastically to anather mass when amptitude of the mass increases farther than clearance. In order to analyze resulting vibration for the main resonance, the Fourier series method is applied and is analyzed for this system. Next, following the theoretical analysis, numerical calculations are performed, and the resonance curves are made by using resulting vibration. Effects of amplitude ratio of excitation, stiffness of clamped spring and mass ratio on the resonance curves are shown by numerical results. For verification of the analytical results, analog experiments are performed by using simulator, and numerical results are compared with analog results on the resonance curves. The analytical results are in a fairy good agreement with the simulated ones.

2203 任意周期関数励振を受ける連続体の衝突振動 : 任意位置において衝突する片持はりの場合

This paper deals with the analysis of collision vibration in continuous system excited by periodic force with arbitrary function. The analytical model is steady collision vibration of cantilever which collides at arbitrary position from fixed end to free end in cantilever. Then, the cantilever excited by forced displacement vibration collides elastically to symmetrical face. In order to analyze the response of main resonance, the Fourier series method is applied to the system, and an exact solution is proposed. Following these theoretical analyses, the numerical calculation is performed and the resonance curves are made from resulting vibration. Effects of stiffness of clamped spring and amplitude of excitation on resonance curve are shown by numerical results. For verification of the analytical method, experiments are performed. Analytical results are in a fairly good agreement with experimental ones.

419 付加質量を持つ連続体の定常衝突振動解析 : 片持はりモデルの場合

This paper deals with impact vibration in continuous system excited by periodic force with arbitrary function. The analytical model is steady impact vibration in cantilever having an attached mass which collides elastically to symmetric faces. In order to analyze the main resonance subjected to excitation by displacement, the Fourier series method is applied to this system. Following these theoretical analysis, numerical calculation is performed and the resonance curves are made from resulting vibrations. Effects of the stiffness of clamped spring, amplitude of excitation and mass ratio on the resonance curve are shown by numerical results. For verification of the analytical method, experiments are performed. Analytical results are in a fairly good agreement with experimental ones.

Clamp spring removal and fitting method for optical multifiber connector with index matching material

In single-mode multifiber connectors, the ferrule endfaces spacing is filled with index matching material and the contact is pushed by the clamp spring. To perform the transfer splicing, the clamp spring must be removed and fitted before and after the transfer action. In this paper, first, the relations among the ferrule pushing force, Young's modulus of the ferrule material, radii of curvature of ferrule endfaces, contact length, etc., are investigated elastomechanically to find the conditions under which the ferrule endfaces-contact remains stable. Next, the fluidity of index matching material and the applied force, together with loss variations are investigated to clarify the mechanisms responsible for loss generation and the situation in which the losses can be kept small. Finally, based on the results of these investigations, the removable clamp spring and fitting mechanism is manufactured. By evaluation of its characteristics, it is shown that satisfactorily good performances are confirmed.