Cl System Research Articles

Atomically Fe(Ⅲ) anchored metal-organic frameworks-based fluorescent nanozyme for smartphone-adopted chemiluminescence-fluorescence dual-mode analysis of Uric acid

BackgroundChemiluminescence (CL) analysis is a promising analytical method with advantages including easy operation, high sensitivity and simple instrument. However, the single CL mode usually suffered from poor stability and reproducibility as a result of the flash-type nature of luminescent molecules, leading to false positive or negative results in practical applications. Dual-mode detection is an advanced sensing methodology that identifies analytes through independent output signals. This approach has the ability to circumvent the inherent constraints of individual sensing modes while integrating their respective strengths, thereby yielding a synergistic enhancement in the detection system. ResultsHerein, a chemiluminescence-fluorescence (FL) dual-mode analysis and imaging system is designed by constructing an atomically Fe(Ⅲ) anchored PCN-224 peroxidase-mimicking nanozyme (PCN-224/Fe(Ⅲ)) and achieve an ultrasensitive detection of Uric Acid (UA). The multifunctional PCN-224/Fe(Ⅲ) serves as a high-efficiency co-reaction promoter in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in both the CL and FL system, while also demonstrating exceptional capabilities as fluorescent nanoprobes. Ultimately, a smartphone-adopted CL imaging device was developed to achieve a visual CL detection through the design of portable paper-based chips. Besides, with the assistance of the TMB-mediated fluorescence energy resonance transfer, the fluorescent PCN-224/Fe(Ⅲ) nanoprobes exhibited good fluorescence detection performance for UA. The limit of detection was achieved as low as 2.45 × 10−10 M and 1.99 × 10−9 M in the CL and FL mode, respectively. SignificanceThis study engineered an atomically Fe(Ⅲ)- MOF-based multifunctional nanozyme and developed an innovative approach for creating CL-FL dual-mode analysis and imaging detection for UA. The proposed CL-FL dual-mode detection system not only provided a portable and sensitive method for UA detection but also offered valuable insights into the mechanism of the co-reaction promoter enhanced CL and FL analysis.

Exotic compounds of monovalent calcium synthesized at high pressure

It is well known that atoms of the same element in different valence states show very different chemical behaviors. Calcium is a typical divalent metal, sharing or losing both of its valence electrons when forming compounds. Attempts have been made to synthesize compounds of monovalent calcium ions for decades, but with very little success (e.g., in clusters). Pressure can result in substantial changes in the properties of atoms and chemical bonding, creating an extensive variety of unique materials with special valence states. In this study, using the ab initio evolutionary algorithm USPEX, we search for stable calcium–chlorine (Ca–Cl) system compounds at pressures up to 100 GPa. Besides the expected compound CaCl2, we predict three new compounds with monovalent Ca to be stable at high pressures, namely, CaCl, Ca5Cl6, and Ca3Cl4. According to our calculations, CaCl is stable at pressures above 18 GPa and is predicted to undergo a transition from nonmagnetic Fm-3m-CaCl to ferromagnetic Pm-3m-CaCl at 40 GPa. Ca5Cl6 and Ca3Cl4 are stable at pressures above 37 and 73 GPa, with space groups P-1 and R-3, respectively. Following these predictions, we successfully synthesized Pm-3m-CaCl in laser-heated diamond anvil cell experiments. The emergence of the unusual valence state at high pressures reveals exciting opportunities for creating entirely new materials in sufficiently large quantities for a variety of potential applications.

Glow-type luminol chemiluminescence based on a supramolecular enhancer of cyclodextrin

BackgroundChemiluminescence (CL) bioassay is one of the most advanced and used detection method in clinical diagnosis and biomedical research because of the advantages of low background, easy operation, and wide-field imaging without a light source or microscope. The luminol/hydrogen peroxide/horseradish peroxidase (luminol/H2O2/HRP) system is the most popular CL system, but its application in high-throughput imaging detection is challenged due to its low luminescence efficiency and flash-type emission which is difficult in ensuring the reproducibility and consistency of detection results. ResultsWe reported a glow-type CL system of luminol@CD/H2O2/HRP by using a supramolecular enhancer of cyclodextrin (CD). This luminol@CD/H2O2/HRP system exhibited a luminescence lifetime of 41 min for sensitive and accurate imaging analysis. The long-lasting CL emission was attributed to the formation of a 1:1 host–guest complex between luminol and CD, which could stabilize the emitter and effectively reduce nonradiative relaxation. The formation of luminol@CD complex was determined through NMR experiments and theoretical analysis. Under optimum conditions, the luminol@CD/H2O2/HRP system showed higher sensitivity and much better precision than classical luminol/H2O2/HRP system for imaging detection of HRP. Especially, this glow-type luminol@CD/H2O2/HRP system realized CL imaging of microwell arrays on microfluidic chips. In addition, the luminol@CD/H2O2/HRP system was successfully applied for point-of-care detection of 17β-estradiol based on a competitive mechanism of host–guest recognition. SignificanceAn efficient CL system is crucial for obtaining reproducible and consistent results for accurate detection. Our luminol@CD/H2O2/HRP system emitted strong and persistent luminescence, resulting in reliability and efficiency at both CL macroscopic and microscopic imaging detection. We expected the luminol@CD/H2O2/HRP CL system to be applied in various detection fields.

Self-calibration method for geometric parameters based on feature point projection trajectories in Cone-beam Computed Laminography

Cone-beam computed laminography (CBCL) is an X-ray three-dimensional imaging method that is suitable for large plate-like objects. Geometric parameter calibration is crucial during CL imaging to prevent geometric artifacts in the reconstructed image. This study introduced a self-calibration method employing feature-point projection trajectories for CL geometric parameters. The method constructed point projection trajectory models for the system’s geometric parameters and optimized the best fit of these models to the characteristic point projection trajectories to solve for the geometric parameters of the system. Furthermore, this study examined the impact of the feature point location in the object coordinate system on the parameter calibration accuracy and reduced the required feature point locations from 11°to 4°using the alternating optimization algorithm. The imaging results demonstrated the ability of the method to achieve high-accuracy calibration of CL system geometric parameters, reducing the calibration error of the rotational axis tilt angle α from 1.1% to 0.08% while exhibiting resilience to noise. The proposed method enabled the calibration of all CL system geometric parameters without the model calibration, laying the groundwork for rectifying image geometric artifacts and enhancing CL imaging quality. Moreover, this method presents a novel approach for CT system geometric parameter calibration.

Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots Enhanced Hydrogen Carbonate-Hydrogen Peroxide Chemiluminescent Reaction and its Application in Ascorbic Acid Sensing.

Nitrogen-doped carbon dots (N-CDs) were prepared by self-exothermic procedure using grasshopper powder as a single precursor. The prepared N-CDs not only have excellent fluorescence properties, but also can catalyze and enhance the ultra-weak chemiluminescence of NaHCO3-H2O2. The reaction conditions of NaHCO3-H2O2-N-CDs CL were optimized. Under the optimal experimental conditions, when AA was added to the NaHCO3-H2O2-N-CDs CL system, AA had a significant inhibitory effect on the CL intensity of NaHCO3-H2O2-N-CDs. There was a good linear relationship between the calculated lg(I0/I) and the concentration of AA (C), and the calibration curve equation was lg(I0/I) = 0.03667C-0.00708 (µM). The established CL analysis method has a detection limit of 0.12 µM for AA and a linear range of 0-50 µM. The selectivity of CL method was evaluated, and the method was successfully applied to the determination of AA in vegetable and fruit samples. The spiked recoveries were between 88.9% and 118.9%, which indicated that the method was simple, rapid, and sensitive, and had great potential in the determination of AA in foods.

Dual-mode photothermal/chemiluminescence vertical flow assay for sensitive point-of-care detection of carcinoembryonic antigen using Cu2-xAgxS@liposome on a filter membrane

Conventional lateral flow assays based on colorimetry and fluorescence still have shortages in sensitivity and selectivity due to the severe background interference from complex human fluid sample matrices. In this work, Cu2-xAgxS nanocrystals with high photothermal conversion efficiency and good peroxidase-like activity were synthesized and applied in the construction of a dual-mode near-infrared-photothermal/chemiluminescence (CL) vertical flow assay of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). These two-mode principles showed nearly zero background and the synthesized Cu2-xAgxS exhibited a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 75.23%, enabling the luminol-H2O2 CL system to have over 4 min of chemiluminescence. By combining filter membrane enrichment, Cu2-xAgxS@liposome encapsulation amplification, and nanozyme catalysis, a dual-mode photothermal/CL portable assay was constructed for sensitive and accurate detection of CEA in serum, with linear ranges of 0.02–40 and 0.001–30 ng mL−1, and detection limits of 0.0023 and 0.00029 ng mL−1, respectively. Furthermore, a smartphone application and a 3D printing device were combined for point-of-care testing. This assay can be completed within 20 min, with simple operation and no need for large instruments. It exhibited good sensitivity, selectivity, and stability, and is expected to be used in early diagnosis and prevention of relevant diseases in resource-limited areas.

One‐step Synthesis of UV‐Curable CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) Nanocrystal Inks for Printing

AbstractMetal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have garnered significant attention due to their captivating optoelectronic properties. One promising application for these materials is their use as color‐conversion layers (CCLs) in blue micro‐LED technology, enabling the realization of full‐color displays. Nonetheless, a pivotal challenge revolves around producing efficient luminescent perovskite inks and subsequently employing them for inkjet printing finely patterned CCLs. In this study, a straightforward single‐step hot‐injection method is introduced for synthesizing inks comprising CsPbX3 NCs, where X represents Cl, Br, and I, or mixed halide systems such as Cl/Br and Br/I. Through precise composition control, the emission spectra can be effortlessly adjusted across the entire visible spectrum, spanning from 410 to 710 nm. The resulting CsPbX3 NCs exhibit narrow emission line‐widths, ranging from 21 to 39 nm, an expansive color gamut encompassing up to 130% of the National Television Standards Committee color standard, and exceptional quantum yields reaching up to 100%. With their superb optical performance, facile synthesis procedure, and robust stability, these CsPbX3 NCs emerge as highly suitable candidates for their use as CCLs with blue light‐emitting devices deployed as backlights.

Nanobubbles improve peroxymonosulfate-based advanced oxidation: High efficiency, low toxicity/cost, and novel collaborative mechanism

Cl- activated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) oxidation technology can effectively degrade pollutants, but the generation of chlorinated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) limits the application of this technology in water treatment. In this study, a method of nanobubbles (NBs) synergistic Cl-/PMS system was designed to try to improve this technology. The results showed the synergistic effects of NBs/Cl-/PMS were significant and universal while its upgrade rate was from 12.89% to 34.97%. Moreover, the synergistic effects can be further improved by increasing the concentration and Zeta potential of NBs. The main synergistic effects of NBs/Cl-/PMS system were due to the electrostatic attraction of negatively charged NBs to Na+ from NaCl, K+ from PMS, and H+ from phenol, which acted as a "bridge" between Cl- and HSO5- as well as phenol and Cl-/HSO5-, increasing active substance concentration. In addition, the addition of NBs completely changed the oxidation system of Cl-/PMS from one that increases environmental toxicity to one that reduces it. The reason was that the electrostatic attraction of NBs changed the active sites and degradation pathway of phenol, greatly reducing the production of highly toxic DBPs. This study developed a novel environmentally friendly oxidation technology, which provides an effective strategy to reduce the generation of DBPs in the Cl-/PMS system.

Evaluation of analytical performance of AQUIOS CL flow cytometer and method comparison with bead-based flow cytometry methods.

Given that method validation is mandatory for compliance with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15,189 standard requirements, we evaluated the analytical performance of the AQUIOS CL system (Beckman Coulter) and compared it with two bead-based flow cytometry (FCM) protocols (BD FACSCAntoTM-II and Beckman Coulter DxFLEX). There are no comparative literature data on standardized protocols for counting lymphocyte subsets on the new-generation cytometer DxFLEX. We evaluated the AQUIOS CL's performance with regard to accuracy, linearity and stability by using dedicated control cell samples and patient samples. We also compared the lymphocyte counts measured on the AQUIOS CL (n=69 samples) with those measured on the BD FACSCAntoTM-II and DxFLEX FCM systems. For 61 samples, FCM results were compared with those measured on the XN-3000 Sysmex hematology analyzer. AQUIOS CL showed acceptable performance- even outside the manufacturer's quantification ranges- and strong correlations with bead-based FCM methods. The FCM techniques and the XN-3000 gave similar absolute lymphocyte counts, although values in samples with intense lymphocytosis (Bcell lymphoma/leukemia) were underestimated. The AQUIOS CL flow cytometer is a time-saving, single-platform system with good performance, especially when the manufacturer's instructions for use are followed. However, AQUIOS CL's possible limitations and pitfalls impose validation of a bead-based FCM method for immunophenotyping verification or as a back-up system. Although the DxFLEX flow cytometer is more time-consuming to use, it can provide standardized lymphocyte subset counts in case of aberrant results on AQUIOS CL or in the event of equipment failure.

Microfabrication and electrochemical behaviors of single microcrystal of copper-doped sodium chloride solid solution

Understanding the single-particle level of electrochemical processes taking place at the electrode/electrolyte interface is crucial for the rational development of high-performance and sustainable electrochemical microdevices. Based on scanning electrochemical cell microscope (SECCM) technology, copper-doped sodium chloride solid solution microcrystal was prepared in-situ and assembled into microdevices. In the process of synthesizing copper-doped sodium chloride solid solution, the redox behavior of Cu(II)-Cl system in the microelectrochemical cell was studied. The CV curve showed that the microdroplet contact between the microtubule and substrate was supersaturated, confirming the thin layer electrochemical response characteristics. By constructing the microcrystal between 2.5 µm spaced gold electrode pairs, the "solid" redox behavior of a single copper-doped sodium chloride microcrystal in the absence of electrolyte was studied. It is found that there is a well-resolved transformation between Cu(0), Cu(I) and Cu(II) in the microcrystal. It should be noted that the adsorbed water provides H+as a pair of ions, which plays an important role in the whole system. With the continuous progress of potential scanning, the solid-state CV curves of microcrystals gradually show semiconductor characteristics. This work presented herein is expected to promote the production of practical materials by SECCM and the practical application of on-site construction of electrochemical microsystem into all solid-state microdevices.

Phase separation and domain crystallinity control enable open‐air‐printable highly efficient and sustainable organic photovoltaics

AbstractOrganic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising solution for sustainable energy production, offering advantages such as a low carbon footprint, short energy payback period, and compatibility with eco‐solvents. However, the use of hazardous solvents continues to dominate the best‐performing OSCs, mainly because of the challenges of controlling phase separation and domain crystallinity in eco‐solvents. In this study, we combined the solvent vapor treatment of CS2 and thermal annealing to precisely control the phase separation and domain crystallinity in PM6:M‐Cl and PM6:O‐Cl systems processed with the eco‐solvent o‐xylene. This method resulted in a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.4%, which is among the highest values reported for sustainable binary OSCs. Furthermore, the fabrication techniques were transferred from spin coating in a nitrogen environment to blade printing in ambient air, retaining a PCE of 16.0%, showing its potential for high‐throughput and scalable production. In addition, a comparative analysis of OSCs processed with hazardous and green solvents was conducted to reveal the differences in phase aggregation. This work not only underscores the significance of sustainability in OSCs but also lays the groundwork for unlocking the full potential of open‐air‐printable sustainable OSCs for commercialization.

Computational thermodynamic study on CVD of silicon oxynitride films from Si–O–N–H and Si–O–N–H–Cl systems

High-throughput thermodynamic analysis of chemical vapor deposition of silicon oxynitride films from the Si–O–N–H and Si–O–N–H–Cl systems are performed based on the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagram) approach. The considered deposition conditions are 800 °C, 200 Pa, NH3/SiH4 ratios of 0.05–50 and NH3/N2O ratios of 0.05–10. The influence of precursor composition on the phase and composition of the coatings as well as the optimal window for obtaining high-purity Si2N2O are discussed. The formation of SiO2 favors low NH3/N2O ratios and its fraction decreases with increasing NH3/N2O ratio. The content of Si2N2O increases monotonously with increasing NH3/N2O ratio until reaching 100 at.%. Free Si is suppressed to almost 0 at.% when the NH3/SiH4 ratio is greater than 1. The introduction of Cl in the precursor can not only reduce the formation of free Si but also expand the deposition window for preparing pure Si2N2O. Our calculated results agree well with available experimental data.

Phase tree, analysis of crystallizing phases and description of chemical interaction in the three-component reciprocal system Ca,Ba| |F,Cl

The paper analyzes the crystallizing phases in the ternary reciprocal system Ca,Ba | | F,Cl, describes the chemical interaction of ion exchange reactions and complexation reactions. The system is partitioned into simplices using graph theory. A tree of phases of the system has been constructed, on the basis of which a prediction of the number and composition of crystallizing phases in stable elements has been made. A 3D model of the phase complex of the Ca,Ba | | F,Cl system was built using the KOMPAS 3D v21 software. On the stable CaF2–BaCl2 diagonal, the presence of a quasi-binary eutectic and the stability of the crystallizing phases were confirmed by thermogravimetry and XRD methods.

Liquid-Phase Synthesis of the Li–Si–P–S–Cl Solid Electrolyte for All-Solid-State Li-Ion Battery

Sulfide solid Li-ion conductors can be applied as electrolytes for high-performance all-solid-state batteries. For establishing mass production of such sulfides, liquid-phase synthesis is an attractive alternative to conventional solid-state method. Nevertheless, the new method has only been adapted to limited compositions (i.e., the Li–P–S system) with resulting in low ionic conductivity values of < 1.5 mS cm−1 at room temperature1. This study reports the liquid-phase synthesis of solid electrolytes in the Li–Si–P–S–Cl system (Li9.54Si1.74P1.44S11.7Cl0.3: LSiPSCl)2 with the high ionic conductivity of 6.6 mS cm-1 at 298 K3.In liquid-phase method, it is essential to find appropriate dissolution conditions without decomposition reactions of the raw materials, but such conditions have not been found for Si. We investigated the dissolution conditions of Si in anhydrous acetonitrile (ACN), which typically promotes severe decomposition reactions of dissolved raw materials. However, it was found that SiS2 is highly soluble in ACN when mixed with Li2S in specific molar ratio. This composition was confirmed by ICP-AES, wherein the molar ratio of Si : Li in the homogeneous solution was determined to be 1:1. Based on this finding, LSiPSCl was synthesized by the liquid-phase approach (Fig. 1a). Two homogeneous solutions containing either (Li, Si, and S) or (Li, P, and S)4 were prepared separately and then combined. Subsequently, LiCl and Li2S were added to obtain the precursor slurry solution. The precursor slurry solution was dried at 453 K under vacuum to remove all the solvent and sintered by heating at 748 K to obtain the liquid-phase synthesized sample (L-LSiPSCl).The L-LSiPSCl exhibited high ionic conductivity of 6.6 mS cm-1 at 298 K, which was comparable to the value for the reference sample (S-LSiPSCl) synthesized by the solid-state method. All-solid-state battery cells were prepared to examine the applicability of L-LSiPSCl as a solid electrolyte (Fig. 1b), with In–Li alloy anode and the composite cathode consisting of L-LSiPSCl (or S-LSiPSCl) and LiNbO3-coated LiCoO2. The charge–discharge cycle was conducted at the current density of 0.096 mA cm-2, which corresponds to 0.2 C rate. After 100 cycles, the discharge capacity for the cell with L-LSiPSCl was 88% of its theoretical value (i.e., 137 mA h g-1 for 1.9–3.6 V vs. Li+ /In–Li), and its capacity retention was > 97%. The charge–discharge performance was slightly better than that of the cell with S-LSiPSCl. The possible slight improvement might be attributed to the characteristic particle properties of L-LSiPSCl; scanning electron microscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy indicated L-LSiPSCl is composed of aggregated particles with pores and carbides on particle surface. Overall, this study expanded the applicability of liquid-phase synthesis and implied its potential merits for sulfide Li-ion conductors for all-solid-state batteries.Reference1) A. Miura et al., Nat. Rev. Chem., 3, 189 (2019)2) Y. Kato et al., Nat. Energy, 1, 16030 (2016)3) T. Ito et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 10, 14392 (2022)4) M. Calpa et al., Chem. Mater., 32, 9627 (2020) Figure 1

Film electrode by incorporating polypyrrole/carbon black into cross-linked binders of chitosan/cationic polyacrylamide for selective chloride extraction in wastewater

Water-based binders are usually free of volatile organic compounds and hazardous reagents, which reduces the impact on the environment, and research and development of water-based binders has been progressing in recent years. In order to increase the adhesion and mechanical properties of the composite film electrode, lower the resistance to ion transfer, and improve the adsorption capacity of Cl−, a unique cross-linked aqueous binder composite film electrode was created. The film electrode for the electrochemically switched ion exchange (ESIX) system's Cl− adsorption and desorption was successfully prepared by incorporating polypyrrole (PPy-Cl)/carbon black (C) into chemically cross-linked chitosan (CS) and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) by glutaraldehyde (GA). The film electrode of formulated PPy-Cl/C/CS-c-CPAM had advantages over the film electrode of PPy-Cl/C/PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride). The PPy-Cl/C/CS-c-CPAM film electrode had 33.56 mg g−1 adsorption capacity when operated at 0.8 V for the oxidation potential, high selectivity, short adsorption time, and excellent adhesions. CS-c-CPAM composite binders provide a new direction for realizing the superior performance of the film electrodes.

SAT093 Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Versus Standard Care In Type 1 Diabetic Pediatric Patients: A Meta-analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Disclosure: L.C. Hespanhol: None. V.C. Moreira: None. A.C. Silva: None. I.R. Marques: None. A. Godoi: None. A. Mahesh: None. C. Oommen: None. C.H. Silva: None. C. Gomes: None. I.A. Souza: None. I.A. Miyawaki: None. J.E. Loyola Júnior: None. J. De Sa: None. E.M. Padrao: None. Background: Treatment of Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in the pediatric population is a clinical challenge. The first closed-loop system (CL) was approved for pediatric use in 2020 with the aim of improving therapeutic and safety outcomes for patients. Since then, many randomized clinical trials have been performed, yet, to our knowledge no meta-analysis evaluating the effect of long-term CL on glycemia in children and adolescents with T1DM was performed. Purpose: To compare the therapeutic efficacy and safety of long-term use of CL insulin delivery systems to standard care (SC) in pediatric patients with T1DM. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE were systematically searched in October 2022 to include randomized controlled studies (RCTs) comparing CL systems (automated pancreas, hybrid CL and advanced hybrid CL) versus SC (daily insulin injections, sensor augmented pump and continuous glucose monitoring) with at least 12 weeks of duration. Outcomes assessed were percentage time in range (% TIR) 70-180mg/dL, change in HbA1c and percentage time with hypoglycemia (glucose &amp;lt; 70mg/dL). Statistical analysis were performed with RevMan 5.4.1 and R software. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics and random-risk effect was used if I2 &amp;gt; 50%. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022366710). Results: A total of 7 randomized studies with 827 patients with T1DM were included, of whom 471 (56.7%) used automated devices and 356 (43.3%) continued their usual care. The %TIR was significantly higher in the CL systems when compared to SC (MD 8.70%; 95% CI 7.08 to 10.31; p &amp;lt; 0.001; I² = 0%). Similarly, CL systems showed a significantly higher HbA1c mean difference when compared to SC (MD -0.38; 95% CI -0.59 to -0.16; p &amp;lt; 0.001; I² = 0%). When evaluating percentage time with hypoglycemia, the time was non-significantly lower in the CL system group when compared to SC (MD -0.47%; 95% CI -1.06 to 0.13; p = 0.12; I² = 55%). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of randomized trials in pediatric population with T1DM, the use of CL insulin devices was associated with a higher proportion of time in the optimal glucose range and greater decrease of HbA1c relative to standard care, regardless of CL system type. However, the use of CL insulin delivery was not associated with less time in hypoglycemia range. Therefore, CL systems seem to be safe and superior to standard care regarding glycemic control. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

SAT094 Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Versus Standard Care In Type 1 Diabetic Adult Patients: A Meta-analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract Disclosure: A. Godoi: None. I.R. Marques: None. A. Mahesh: None. C. Oommen: None. E.M. Padrao: None. V.C. Moreira: None. A.C. Silva: None. L.C. Hespanhol: None. C.H. Silva: None. I.A. Souza: None. C. Gomes: None. I.A. Miyawaki: None. J.E. Loyola Júnior: None. J. De Sa: None. Background: Optimal glycemic control of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) remains a clinical challenge instigated by hypoglycemic episodes and the burden of insulin self-management. Remarkable advancements have been made with the development of automated insulin devices, particularly closed-loop systems (CL). Yet, previous meta-analyses have not focused on the long-term use and effects of CL systems, and their potential to improve glycemic outcomes in this population remain controversial. Purpose: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of long-term use of CL insulin delivery systems to standard care (SC) in adult patients with T1DM. Methods: PubMed, Cochrane and EMBASE were systematically searched in October 2022 to include randomized controlled studies (RCTs) comparing CL systems (automated pancreas, hybrid CL and advanced hybrid CL) versus SC (daily insulin injections, sensor augmented pump and continuous glucose monitoring) with at least 12 weeks of duration. Outcomes assessed were percentage time in range (% TIR) 70-180mg/dL and change in HbA1c. Statistical analysis was performed with RevMan 5.4.1 and R software. Heterogeneity was assessed with I² statistics. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022366710). Results: A total of 13 randomized studies with 1082 patients with T1DM were included, of whom 586 (54.2%) used automated devices and 496 (45.8%) continued their usual care. The %TIR was higher in the CL systems when compared to SC (MD 11.91%; 95% CI 8.66 to 15.17; p &amp;lt; 0.001; I² = 81%). The HbA1c significantly higher in the CL systems when compared to SC (MD -0.42; 95% CI -0.70 to -0.14; p = 0.003; I² = 78%). The %TIR was significantly higher in patients using CL (MD 9.25; 95% CI 6.79–11.72; p &amp;lt; 0.0001; I² = 34%), hybrid CL (MD 8.20; 95% CI 3.32–13.09; p=0.001; I² = 66%) and advanced hybrid CL (MD 25.38; 95% CI 21.30–29.46; p &amp;lt; 0.0001; I² = 0%). A greater decrease in HbA1c was also found with the use of CL (MD -0.24; 95% CI -0.47 to -0.010.14; p = 0.04; I² = 0%), hybrid CL (MD -0.26; 95% CI -0.43 to -0.10; p=0.002; I² = 3%) and advanced hybrid CL (MD -0.90; 95% CI -1.86 to -0.06; p = 0.07; I² = 83%). Conclusion: In this meta-analysis of randomized trials, the use of CL insulin delivery systems was associated with a higher proportion of time in the optimal glucose range and greater decrease of HbA1c relative to standard care in the adult diabetic population. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Calculating the penetration depth of reaction in chemical gas-phase deposition of boron nitride within porous bodies

The thermodynamic calculations conducted using the TERRA software package for the B–Cl–N–H system revealed that the inclusion of hydrogen into the B–Cl system significantly diminishes the thermodynamic stability of BCl3 with the possibility of boron formation in the condensed phase. On the other hand, the introduction of ammonia, which includes hydrogen, results in the synthesis of boron nitride across a broad temperature spectrum. The analysis of kinetic relationships uncovered three distinct regions in the boron nitride deposition process: K – kinetic region (up to 1400 K), D – diffusion region (above 1800 K) and T – transition region. The activation energy for the kinetic region was calculated as Ea = 134 kJ/mol. Within the temperature range of 1023–1123 K, linear dependences were observed. The computation of the penetration depth for the boron nitride deposition process assumed a gas mixture of boron trichloride, ammonia, and argon (BCl3 + NH3 + 30Ar). The results indicated that boron trichloride governs the extent of penetration. The depths of penetration for the chemical vapor infiltration boron nitride (CVI-BN) process, conducted at 0.1 kPa within the temperature range of 1100–1400 K, were determined for pore diameters of 1, 10, 30, 100, 200 and 300 µm. When porosimetry data for a specific preform is available, the acquired penetration depth relationships for the CVI-BN process under specific parameters and process temperatures facilitate the estimation of essential parameters for interphase formation using pyrolytic boron nitride.

A dual chemiluminescence and ratiometric fluorescence sensor based on WS2 QDs- Fe(II)- S2O82− system for bisphenol A detection

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental containment with toxic and hazardous characteristics towards all organisms. So, introducing a simple and sensitive sensor for its determination in the field is of importance. We applied Fe(II) -S2O82− Fenton-like reaction to design chemiluminescence and fluorescence sensing methods for BPA detection. In the chemiluminescence method, tungsten disulfide quantum dots (WS2 QDs) were used as an enhancer to amplify (around 300-fold) the intensity of the ultra-weak Fe(II) -S2O82− CL reaction. The WS2 QD-enhanced CL system was applied to design a simple and sensitive sensor for monitoring BPA at the range of 1.0–50 μM. Additionally, a ratiometric fluorescence sensor was designed for BPA assay in which WS2 QDs and o-phenylenediamine (OPD) were applied as a reference and a fluorescence reporter, respectively. In the presence of BPA, the fluorescence intensity of ox-OPD, produced from the OPD-Fe(II) -S2O82− reaction, increased while that of WS2 QDs was almost constant. The ratio of reporter fluorescence intensity to that of the reference was linearly proportional to the BPA concentration in the range of 2.5–75 μM. The developed methods were successfully applied for the determination of BPA in water samples.

Electro-assisted activation of peroxymonosulfate in the presence of chloride ion for degradation of sulfamethoxazole

A laboratory-scale electrochemical reaction tank was self-designed for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). Coupling electrocatalysis (EC) with personoxysulfate (PMS) and chloride ion (Cl−), the degradation system of EC + PMS + Cl was established. The degradation efficiency of the EC + PMS + Cl system for SMZ (10 mg/L) reached 100% within 20 min, and the degradation process of SMZ conforms to the first-order kinetics. EC + PMS + Cl system also has good degradation efficiency for other organic pollutants or polysaccharide wastewater (real wastewater) from coriolus versicolor. The electrochemical performance test shows that TiO2/RuO2–IrO2 electrode not only has a good chlorine evolution effect but also has good stability. •OH and active chlorine play a major role in the degradation system. Theoretical calculation (DFT) and XPS analyses confirm that the RuO2–IrO2 site as an active center activates PMS and Cl− into active oxygen and active chlorine, and the TiO2 site as an active center activates molecular oxygen into active oxygen. The results of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and Toxicity Estimation Software Tool (TEST) showed that the water quality of SMZ after 20 min of degradation was almost harmless. Therefore, this research work will provide a new vision for the electrocatalytic degradation of organic wastewater.