Civil Society Representatives Research Articles

How much and why do political parties talk about terrorism?: evidence from the Basque Parliament (1980–2011)

ABSTRACT This article is focused on the weight that the issue of terrorism had among the discourse of the political parties sitting in the Basque Parliament between 1980 and 2011. In order to explore this question, transcripts of the most generalistic parliamentary debates were hand-coded and transformed into a quantitative variable. Results show that, from 1995 onward, when ETA began to attack politicians and other representatives of civil society, the Basque political elite started to pay more attention to the problem of terrorism in its discourse. Beyond this descriptive result, this study explores which other independent variables have mediated in the time that Basque MPs spent talking about terrorism. Thus, this article contributes to the study of how terrorist tactics influence the performance of the political elite.

Limits of state influence on the economy in times of war in the context of upholding and implementing socio-economic human rights

The article emphasizes that the war in Ukraine poses complex challenges to the state, with the need to balance the need to strengthen state regulation of the economy to meet defense needs and preserve the principles of the free market. This balance becomes particularly acute in the context of upholding and implementing socio-economic human rights, which may be restricted in times of war. The authors investigate the limits of state influence on the economy in wartime, taking into account the need to uphold and implement socio-economic human rights, and also explore various strategies of state intervention in the economy in wartime, such as imposing economic sanctions, stimulating the production of military equipment and providing financial support for humanitarian needs. The authors propose a comprehensive analysis of the limits and instruments of state influence on the economy in wartime, taking into account the need to uphold and implement socio-economic human rights. It is argued that the limits and instruments of state influence on the economy, which ensure a balance between the needs of defense, market functioning and upholding of socio-economic human rights, should be defined by law. The current situation of the state’s economy is described. The socio-economic perspectives of post-war reconstruction of Ukraine are characterized. Recommendations for improving the mechanisms of state regulation of the economy in times of war are developed. In particular, the author emphasizes that the longer the war lasts, the deeper the economic crisis will become and the more negative the impact on the socio-economic sphere will increase. This is due to numerous factors, such as: destruction of infrastructure; decline in production; loss of jobs; rising prices; and reduced trade. In view of the significant economic risks, the authors conclude that the political authorities and representatives of civil society should focus their joint efforts on: infrastructure reconstruction; support for small and medium-sized entrepreneurship; social assistance; investments in education and healthcare; and international cooperation.

Human Rights Due Diligence: Risks of modern slavery for workers displaced by conflict

This short paper outlines some of the risks of exploitation that people fleeing conflict-affected areas face when trying to access employment in countries of transit and destination. It argues that businesses have a responsibility to prevent and mitigate these risks in their operations and supply chains. Based on interviews with civil society representatives in six European countries, this paper provides a list of measures that employers can take to protect their employees from exploitation.

Energy Literacy of Economics Students in Rijeka: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavioral Approach

The research problem of this paper is related to numerous open questions in the field of energy, its understanding, its use, and the challenges of the energy future. After the introductory part, in which a brief historical overview of energy literacy is provided, the paper focuses on energy literacy, its emergence, and the different approaches to its definition and measurement. The paper analyzes the energy literacy of students at the Faculty of Economics in Rijeka based on their cognitive, affective, and behavioral skills. Their knowledge about energy, energy processes, and the energy efficiency of the objects they encounter on a daily basis is examined. Their personal attitudes and values are examined through various forms of personal initiatives and active participation in energy sustainability projects. Finally, the habits and behavioral patterns that the respondents have in their daily lives and their tendencies to save energy resources and find energy-efficient solutions are examined. Despite some positive findings, the current results are not satisfactory and point to the creation of adequate public policies with a particular focus on education and the role of the corrective mechanisms of the state, but also the need for joint negotiations between policy makers, regulators, scientists, representatives of civil society, and the business community. The particular contribution of this work is reflected in being the first research of its kind conducted among Croatian economics students, as well as among Croatian students in general; in the creation of a research instrument that is conceptually consistent with the findings from the existing literature, but with an original set of questions within each energy literacy skill adapted to the cultural and sociological background of the respondents; and in a kind of progress from previous research by taking into account the quantitative aspect (in addition to the qualitative) assessment of the respondents’ energy literacy.

Citizen science in environmental health research: A comparison with conventional approaches and creation of a guidance tool issued from the LILAS initiative

ContextPublic interest for citizen science (CS) in environmental health is growing. The goals of environmental health research projects are diverse, as are the methods used to reach these goals. Opportunities for greater implication of the civil society and related challenges differ at each step of such projects. These methodological aspects need to be widely shared and understood by all stakeholders. The LILAS initiative (acronym for “application of citizen science approaches such as LIving LAbS to research on environmental exposures and chronic risks”) aimed to 1) favor a mutual understanding of the main issues and research methods in environmental health, of their stakes for different actors, but also of the requirements, strengths and limitations of these methods and to 2) identify expected benefits and points of attention related to stronger degrees of participation as part of environmental health research projects. MethodsThe LILAS initiative gathered institutional researchers, academics and civil society representatives interested in environmental exposures. Five meetings allowed to collectively identify different types of environmental health research studies and reflect about the benefits, limitations, and methodological issues related to the introduction of growing citizen participation as part of such studies. An analytic table matrix summarizing these aspects was co-created and filled by participants, as a tool devoted to help stakeholders with the definition of future CS research projects in environmental health. ResultsFor different fields of research (e.g.: studies for assessment of environmental exposures, interventions on these exposures, quantitative risk assessment, epidemiological studies), the matrix lists expected benefits for various stakeholders, the fundamental principles of research methods and related practical constraints, but also advantages and limitations related to the use of CS or conventional research approaches. ConclusionThe LILAS initiative allowed to develop a tool which provides consolidated grounds for the co-creation of research projects on environmental exposures involving CS.

CLIMATE CHANGE, POLICY DEVELOPMENT, AND GOVERNANCE: A SPECIAL FOCUS ON INDIA

With a focus on the Indian context, this paper explores the complex relationship between governance, policy creation, and climate change. Our study uses a mixed-methods approach and starts with a thorough analysis of the body of knowledge on India's governance systems, climate change policy, and related topics. We gather primary data from key stakeholders through surveys and interviews with them, as well as through secondary sources like academic journals and government papers, including representatives of civil society and environmental experts. The report examines India's climate change policies in-depth, evaluating their coherence, efficacy, and compliance with international obligations. In addition, we conduct case studies in several Indian states to find best practices and areas where policy implementation needs to be improved. In order to identify important lessons and methods that may be applied to India, comparative study of international experiences in climate governance is helpful. Engagement of stakeholders is a key element that offers priceless insights into the difficulties and opportunities involved in developing and implementing climate policies. To forecast the potential impact of various policy options on India's climate resilience and emissions reduction ambitions, scenario building exercises are used. By utilizing this reliable methodology, our research aims to advance knowledge of climate governance and policy formulation while providing detailed suggestions for improving India's climate governance framework and hastening the country's transition to sustainability and climate change resilience.

Wybrane kierunki badań z zakresu prawa konstytucyjnego na świecie – subiektywny przyczynek do dyskusji

At present, there is a global discussion on desirable and necessary changes to the constitution, common and non-derogable democratic values, and the scope of the omnipotence of the authorities elected in free elections. Politicians, representatives of organizations representing civil society, experts and representatives of the world of science participate in this discussion. The Polish constitutional discourse after 2015 was dominated by the consequences of ruthless circumvention of the provisions of the constitution by politicians in power. Even in these circumstances, however, other issues that are currently being debated in international constitutional forums must not be lost sight of. It seems that at least some of them may prove useful in the discussion on restoring constitutional standards.

European Technical Democracy? How Consumer Associations Did-or Did Not-Shape the 1980s Automotive Environmental Standards.

Did the 1980s automotive standards reflect the European Economic Community's move toward a "technical democracy" or a broader democratic deficit? In the early 1980s, Europe's automotive sector faced multiple challenges: the European Commission's desire to harmonize technical standards and achieve greater European integration, intense competition between manufacturers, and environmental issues like acid rain. Debates on reducing air pollution focused on unleaded petrol and catalytic converters. Two associations representing civil society in Brussels responded to the increase in environmental concerns with a 1982 joint campaign. Despite a rich historiography on pollutant emission standards, highlighting the strategies of governments and companies, no study has dealt with the role nongovernmental organizations played. Based on public and private archives, particularly those of the European Bureau of Consumers' Unions, this article argues the new regulations did not result from the EU's consultation with civil society organizations like consumer groups but rather with the automotive industry.

Female’s Participation through First-Past-the-Post Electoral System in Provincial Election of Nepal

An election produces changes in the socio-cultural arena. The gender gap is commonly used in politics to indicate voting preferences and level of participation during pre-electoral, electoral and post-electoral activities. Gender gap creates obstacles in every step of gender mainstreaming. This article was prepared based on secondary data from the election commission, Nepal (ECN). To assess the status of female’s participation and to identify causes and measures of the gender gap in the provincial level first-past-the-post electoral system, this article was prepared as the title female’s participation through first-past-the-post electoral system in the provincial election of Nepal. A simple literature review was conducted to collect essential information to meet the objective. The status of female’s participation is found low at the provincial level first-past-the-post electoral system in Nepal. There were few numbers of nominate female candidates and elected female candidates in all 7 provinces. In Karnali province, even a single female candidate can’t win the race. To meet the national commitment in gender mainstreaming and to fulfill the target of sustainable development goals, all political parties must perform effective policy to increase the number of female candidates. Through politics, women can realize discrimination and destitution over them. Active participation of women in politics boosts up their roles as voters, candidates, elected officials, electoral administrators, observers, civil society representatives, etc. All barriers regarding female participation in politics must be corrected by concerned authorities as soon as possible with the visionary and coordinating leadership of the local, provincial, and federal government.

Formation and development of the ukrainian legislation on criminal responsibility for insulting a military serviceman

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and development of our country's legislation on criminal responsibility for insulting a military serviceman. The application of the historical method in this case made it possible to investigate the historical conditioning of the criminalization of such a socially dangerous act as an insult to a person in general and an insult to a military serviceman in particular. The studied legal monuments of the following periods: princely period; the period when Ukrainian lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires; the period of the Ukrainian SSR; the period of the independent state of Ukraine before the adoption of the new Criminal Code of Ukraine and the modern period. It is emphasized that the responsibility for an insult accrues a long time in the history of the legislation of our country. It contained norms on responsibility for the insult of any person, as well as for the insult of specifically defined persons: a woman, a mother, a father, a nobleman, etc. The insult was possible both by word and by physical actions. It was determined that for the first time the responsibility for insulting a serviceman was established by the Military Ordinance of Peter the I. The mentioned ordinance recognized only an officer (a special subject) as the subject of an insult. In the future, insult of various persons were criminalized: priests; officials; policemen, military personnel and others. Article 435-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine of 2001 fixed the composition of the insult of a serviceman in this form for the first time. And although disposition of the article causes certain remarks from scientists, practical workers and representatives of civil society, it is an important step in the criminal legal protection of the right of military personnel to professional honor and dignity. The author emphasizes that the criminalization of the insult of a military serviceman meets the conditions of historical conditionality and is timely and necessary. The article also provides author's definitions of the concepts of professional honor and dignity; criminal offense and its forms.

The Whole-of-Government, Whole-of-Society Approach in Tackling COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran: Evidence for Policymakers

: Some countries have adopted the whole-of-government (WoG), whole-of-society (WoS) approach to face the recent global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. By applying the WoG approach, sectors beyond health have to work across boundaries to achieve an integrated government response to particular issues, such as global health emergencies. Furthermore, the WoS approach puts communities at the center of response, which is vital for effectively dealing with crises. The COVID-19 pandemic coincided with the toughest unilateral political and economic sanctions in Iran. Implementing preventive and restrictive strategies could be elusive without a tailored WoG-WoS approach. The National COVID-19 Committee (NCC) was established to foster necessary multi-sectoral collaboration to deal with the pandemic in Iran. Nonetheless, Iran faced seven waves of the COVID-19 pandemic so far, each one more devastating than the previous wave. As the NCC did not meaningfully engage with the representatives of civil society, it can be claimed that social participation in health promotion was sufficient in Iran. Applying WoG-WoS approaches could have facilitated better performance in dealing with the COVID-19 crisis; countries with better records in dealing with the recent pandemic have benefited from social mobilization and meaningful engagement with all sectors, including both state and non-state actors. We advocate the adoption of tailored initiatives to nurture such an approach in dealing with potential future crises in Iran and abroad.

Sustainable Education in Ukraine: Introducing the EU Language Policy Course into the Ukrainian Curriculum

This article describes the experience gained during the implementation of the Erasmus+ Jean Monnet Module “European Union Language Policy” (EULP) in Ukraine. Ukraine has chosen a course of EU integration, a decision that has significantly affected its political, cultural, and social life. Participation in Erasmus+ projects facilitates Ukraine`s rapid and effective introduction to EU sustainable education practices. The EULP project team consisted of Ukrainian and Lithuanian academicians who together developed the programme of the course, focusing on five target groups: graduate students, post-graduate students, high school teachers, researchers, and civil society representatives. The EULP’s sustainable and multidisciplinary approach combines linguistic and cultural competences necessary for Ukrainian citizens in view, joining the European Union in the future. Our observations demonstrate that an increasing number of educational courses that combine professional training with expanding knowledge about the EU facilitate the process of reforming and integrating Ukraine into the common EU education area.

‘It’s a Matter of Land’: The Politics of Spatial Illegality and Cooperation in an Informal Settlement in Delhi

This article offers a unique lens through which to theorise neoliberal governance from the perspective of the politics of space and everyday surveillance. Situated in the informal settlement of ‘Manohar Nivas’ in New Delhi, the article draws from over two years of ethnographic research and formal semi-structured interviews with children, their families, civil society and state representatives. Bringing theories of spatialised power into conversation with Faranak Miraftab’s framework on the mutually constitutive concepts of ‘invited’ and ‘invented’ spaces of participation, it argues that Manohar Nivas is an ‘invented’ spatial domain of regulatory power wherein discretionary surveillance operates to enforce precarity and entrench poverty. These dynamics, however, are mitigated to some degree through spatial cooperation and possibilities for citizen participation in opposition to state domination and violence.

Circulation of nutrients through bio-based fertilizer products: perspectives from farmers, suppliers, and civil society

Closing nutrient cycles by bio-based fertilizer products (BFPs) can improve the environmental sustainability of food systems and facilitate a more circular economy. Although the theoretical potential for nutrient recycling has been explored in detail, BFPs still seldom replace mineral fertilizer products in practice. The aim of the present study was to explore the critical enabling and limiting factors for the use of BFPs as seen from the perspective of farmers, suppliers, and civil society. To this aim, qualitative interviews were conducted with seven conventional grain farmers, six suppliers of BFPs, and five representatives of civil society, limited to environmental non-governmental organizations. The presented results illustrate a mismatch between demand and supply. On the one hand, the interviewed farmers were only interested in using BFPs if they are practical to use, balanced with respect to nutrient contents, and potentially provide the same earnings as mineral fertilizers. Positive effects for soil quality were an important driver for many of the farmers. On the other hand, the suppliers of BFPs were generally not able to offer products that fulfilled the farmers’ demands without economic losses, and they emphasized that they have faced several regulatory challenges. Representatives of regional civil society organizations expressed concern that new technical solutions could cause new environmental challenges, and that BFPs could enable further intensification of livestock production. The central-level representatives from the same NGOs, however, were positive about that BFPs can solve environmental problems. Policy instruments will be needed to increase the adoption of PFPs. Fostering BFPs’ that contribute to a sustainable agriculture is important to consider when formulating these polices.

Translation of SERAT findings into concrete steps to advance CSE in Georgia

Abstract The 2018 revision of the National Educational Curriculum in Georgia made the first attempts to integrate selected CSE topics into two school subject standards - biology and civic education. The Ministry of Education and Science recognizes that the changes introduced in the National Curriculum and school subject standards in 2018 are not sufficient and is therefore committed to gradually expanding the coverage of topics in the formal education system and strengthening the process through informal education. To support this initiative and assess the current quality of school-based sexuality education in the country, an analysis was conducted using SERAT. Overall, the legal and policy context in relation to many CSE components is quite well developed in Georgia. The curriculum development process is very participatory, with the involvement of teachers, parents, students and experts. While the general curriculum for CSE focuses on equity and equal rights for all, gender-specific topics, especially on sexuality, are not covered. Using SERAT, the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia clearly identified the gaps within the National Curriculum and started the process of revising the two subject standards (Biology and Civic Education) to ensure the coverage of more topics within the framework of the formal education system per UNESCO standards. The Ministry initiated a project School Doctor's Hours with the technical assistance of UNFPA CO Georgia. The project envisages conducting informational sessions with the children enrolled in the elementary education. Finally, Civil Society representatives started actively using the findings of SERAT either in their advocacy efforts or while designing projects on CSE. SERAT findings greatly informed the process of designing the comprehensive communication campaign entailing work on the policy, community and individual levels, while simultaneously working with the traditional and new media for changing public discourse on CSE.

Assessing essential service provision for prevention and management of violence against women in a remote indigenous community in Amantaní, Peru

BackgroundWomen living in indigenous communities in Peru currently experience extremely high rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). Over the past 10 years, there has been a large multi-sectoral initiative to establish a national network of Centros de Emergencia de la Mujer (Women’s Emergency Centres) that integrate health and police services, and substantial increase in efforts from non-governmental organisations in supporting survivors of violence. However, there is currently little evidence on how existing services meet the needs of indigenous women experiencing violence in Peru.MethodsAs part of a broader mixed-methods participatory VAWG prevention study, we assessed existing service provision for women experiencing violence in an indigenous Quechua community from Amantaní, Peru. This involved 17 key informant interviews with legal, government, police, and civil society representatives. We used the UN Women Essential Services Package for Women and Girls Subject to Violence framework to guide our analysis.ResultsParticipants identified major gaps in existing services for indigenous women survivors of violence in Peru. They discussed survivors and perpetrators not being identified by the health system, a lack of IPV response training for health professionals, IPV not being prioritised as a health concern, and a lack of health services that are culturally appropriate for indigenous populations. Survivors who report to police are often treated poorly and discriminated against. Legal systems were perceived as insufficient and ineffective, with inadequate legal measures for perpetrators. While legal and policy frameworks exist, they are often not applied in practice. Service provision in this region needs to adopt an intercultural, rights based, gendered approach to IPV response and prevention, considering cultural and linguistic relevance for indigenous populations.ConclusionThe role of structural violence in perpetuating indigenous women’s experiences of violence and undermining their access to services must be central to designing and implementing appropriate policies and services if they are to meet the needs of indigenous women in Peru.

Representation of Information Sources in the Regional News Agenda of the TASS Agency

The article is devoted to the problem of balancing the news agenda within the representation of newsmakers. The paper analyzes approaches to study the institutions and authority representation as news sources, and highlights the fact of the dependence of news editorials on PR-structures as a general trend that has developed in world practice in recent decades. The author analyzes the range of information sources that journalists of the most extensive correspondent network in the country TASS agency have been working with for 10 years. The article discusses various types of information sources, and also presents the author's version of it based on the "Galtung's triangle". According to this, the percentage of the presence in the news various newsmakers — representatives of government, business, and civil society — was calculated using the content analysis method. Data on the share of exclusive information on the agency's feed and its dynamics over 10 years have been obtained, and the difference in this indicator in various federal districts of the Russian Federation was shown. The study demonstrates how often journalists attract additional sources working with press releases. The results indicate a high degree of editorial dependence on regional officials as information sources, as well as the hypertrophied presence in the news of law enforcement agencies, emergency services, etc. The author concludes that the information sources range used by journalists in the regions reflects the dominance of the executive branch; journalists should interact more actively with representatives of the legislature, business structures and civil society.

Consultation not Contestation: Brazilian civil society in EU-Mercosur Association Agreement negotiations

ABSTRACT The aim of this article is to explore the role of Brazilian civil society in interregional trade between 2003 and 2020, with a focus on negotiations between the European Union and the Southern Common Market (Mercosur). I draw on document analysis from Mercosur’s online archives and from interviews with actors engaged in trade at the time analyzed, supported by the Modes of Participation framework. This approach allowed for a uniquely critical perspective on Mercosur’s participatory structure. I aim to find out: who was represented in negotiations; what forms of participation were permitted; and who were the actors who pushed for the creation of participatory channels. My hypothesis is that, by establishing modes of participation, government elites have filtered out dissenting voices from channels which could potentially influence negotiations, while civil society representatives created participatory spaces in response to perceived limitations. Results show that societal dissent was contained first by a proliferation of channels and mechanisms for limited participation from 2003, and from 2016 onwards by limiting access to government officials and reports on negotiating rounds. Furthermore, it was found that contentious actors, excluded from negotiations, created their own spaces for participation, such as drafting collective statements and lobbying Brazilian congresspeople.

Examination of the Effect of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Public Fund Management of Ekiti State, Nigeria

The extent to which Information and communication technology (ICT) has been effectively utilized in the management of public funds remains a subject of inquiry and exploration. This study sought to explore the influence of ICT on the management of public funds in public institutions located in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the effects of data collection management (DCM), information security management (ISM), and digital communication infrastructure (DCI) on public funds management. To gather the necessary data, a survey research design was employed, and primary data was collected. The target respondents included government officials, financial officers, ICT professionals, and civil society representatives. To ensure the inclusion of individuals with expertise and knowledge in the subject matter, a purposive sampling technique was utilized to distribute questionnaires. A total of 425 questionnaires were distributed to various public institutions, resulting in 358 completed responses. The research instrument's reliability was assessed using the Cronbach Alpha test, which yielded an average score of 80%. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were employed to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study revealed a significant positive effect between data collection management, information security management, and digital communication infrastructure with public funds management in public institutions. Consequently, the study concluded that ICT plays a vital role in enhancing the management of public funds in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Effective practices in data collection management, information security management, and digital communication infrastructure were found to positively influence public funds management. As a recommendation, the study suggests that public institutions in Ekiti State prioritize the enhancement of their data collection management practices to improve their fund management processes.

Pluralistic view of human-related uncertainties and their management – outcome of the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD) strategic study UMAN (Uncertainty Management multi-Actor Network)

Abstract. Management of uncertainties represents one of the components of a safety case for the disposal of radioactive waste. Depending on the role and interest of technical and non-technical actors involved in radioactive waste management programmes, the assessment of uncertainty significance for disposal safety and the preferable options for uncertainty treatment may vary among these actors. These possible differences, but also similarities, in uncertainty management were explored in the strategic study, Uncertainty Management multi-Actor Network (UMAN), which was initiated in June 2019, with a duration of 5 years, in the framework of the European Joint Programme on Radioactive Waste Management (EURAD). The following actor categories participated in this study: Waste Management Organisations (WMOs), Technical Support Organisations (TSOs), and Research Entities (REs), completed by specific interactions with Civil Society (CS) representatives, Regulators, and the Forum on Stakeholder Confidence (FSC) and Integration Group for the Safety Case (IGSC) of the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), who represented European Member States with different national radioactive waste programmes. The presentation will focus on the uncertainties associated with human aspects; however, in the study, several other types of uncertainties were also investigated, namely uncertainties associated with site and geosphere, spent nuclear fuel, waste inventory, and near field. Based on the analysis of possible uncertainties related to human aspects, a questionnaire containing a list of the 10 most relevant uncertainties potentially significant for safety was developed for the purposes of the assessment of their significance for safety from the perspective of WMOs, TSOs, and REs. As a result of the analysis of the responses to this questionnaire, uncertainties associated with the following four topics were selected for the discussion of the possible and preferable management options: public acceptance of the repository at potentially suitable or projected locations, a schedule to be considered for implementing the different phases of the disposal programme, the adequacy of safety-related activities during construction for the implementation of safety provisions, and “new” knowledge. Based on the identified strategies and options for the management of these uncertainties (i.e. from uncertainty identification up to specific measures to reduce, mitigate, and avoid uncertainty), two different exchange formats were adopted to develop a common understanding and assess different viewpoints among the actors with respect to management of the selected uncertainties. The aim of workshop, in which a smaller actor group consisting of WMOs, TSOs, and REs took part, was to identify management preferences within each actor category and then among all the participating actors, in addition to understanding the rationale behind them. A stepwise and iterative approach, regular stakeholder dialogue, and safety-oriented management processes were recognised as being the key elements of a sound uncertainty management strategy. In a subsequent seminar, a broader actor group, including the key actors (WMOs, TSOs, and REs), CS representatives, Regulators, and the FSC and IGSC of NEA, exchanged their viewpoints with respect to uncertainty management and on the robustness of the safety case in the presence of uncertainties, based on scenarios related to the four selected uncertainties. The outcome of the workshop and the seminar, namely the advantages but also challenges in a pluralistic approach to uncertainty management, will be discussed in the presentation.