Civil Construction Projects Research Articles

OS DESAFIOS DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DA METODOLOGIA BIM EM ESCRITÓRIOS DE ARQUITETURA NA CIDADE DE VITÓRIA DA CONQUISTA – BA

Building Information Modeling (BIM) can be defined as a methodology that uses 3D models and their detailed data on all elements involved in a civil construction project. As society is a constantly evolving organism, the Construction Industry has faced the need to adapt in order to deliver better productivity results, thereby meeting increasingly meticulous demands more effectively. Scientific research has shown that the use of BIM can reduce project completion times in infrastructure by up to half. Given this, why is the number of architecture and urban planning firms in Vitória da Conquista – BA, that use this methodology still so minimal? This article, through bibliographic research as well as opinion surveys with architects and urban planners from the city of Vitória da Conquista, aims to demonstrate the challenges of implementing Building Information Modeling (BIM) methodology in offices in Vitória da Conquista – BA. Thus, the points discussed in this work will provide a reflection on this question, the conclusion of which will depend on the awareness and experience of each participating architect, as well as the robustness of the understandings used to support the content in the following sections.

Occupational Health & Safety Cost Analysis in Civil Construction Projects

Introduction: Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) costs are crucial for implementing safety management systems in the construction sector, particularly in Indonesia. Previous studies emphasize the potential benefits of effective OHS cost planning in reducing workplace accidents and associated costs. Objective: This study aims to analyze the allocation of OHS costs and its correlation with workplace accidents across various construction projects in Indonesia. Method: A descriptive analysis approach was employed to examine OHS cost allocation and incident rates in ten construction projects conducted by a state-owned company across multiple regions in Indonesia. Data analysis utilized Microsoft Excel and SPSS, with Pearson correlation tests conducted to assess relationships between variables. Result: The study found significant variation in OHS cost allocation, ranging from 0.20% to 1.23% of project value across different projects. Larger projects tended to allocate a lower percentage of their budget to OHS compared to smaller ones. Conclusion: Effective planning of OHS costs is essential not only in terms of percentage allocation but also considering project size, duration, workforce size, and technological aspects. The study underscores the importance of comprehensive cost-benefit analyses to further understand the impact of OHS provision on accident prevention in construction projects.

Application of Skip-bin Casting Method in Mass Concrete

With the increasing scale of large-scale civil and industrial construction projects, the problem of controlling temperature cracks is of vital importance in order to ensure the integrity and durability of mass concrete foundation footings. This paper is based on an actual project of construction of a large volume concrete skip bin method, using Midas FEA NX to carry out finite element simulation of the construction process under the skip bin casting of the project, and study the temperature field derived from the simulation, and it is found that the temperature of this large volume concrete project is maximum at about 48h after the concrete casting, and the location is in the center of the concrete.

Integrating quality in resource-constrained time-cost trade-off optimization for civil construction projects using NSGA-III technique

Integrating quality in resource-constrained time-cost trade-off optimization for civil construction projects using NSGA-III technique

Investigate the mechanical behavior of alkali-activated slag mortar using sustainable waste sodium silicate-bonded sand as an alkali activator and carbon free aggregate

Various products generate different types of industrial by-products based on their production characteristics and procedures. Therefore, an accurate classification of these characteristics would contribute significantly to achieving the goals of resource recycling and environmental protection. This study focused on Waste Alkali-Activated Slag Mortar (W-AASM). In the past, inorganic aggregation technology was successfully adopted to replace conventional concrete binding materials and reduce cement usage. Besides utilizing inorganic aggregation technology, the study has introduced a novel industrial by-product known as Waste Sodium Silicate-Bonded Sand (WSSS). WSSS not only serves as a substitute for sodium silicate in alkali-activated agents but also acts as a complete replacement for fine aggregates in mortar. The experimental findings showed that, in addition to fulfilling the original strength requirements of concrete, it results in a significant reduction in cement consumption, minimizing the extraction of natural resources, and decreasing the overall cost of Alkali-activated concrete production. The study highlighted the advantage of WSSS and showed a new dimension of waste foundry sand application in the concrete industry. This method leads to the recycling of waste materials and their optimal use, and as a result, leads to a sustainable ecosystem. The results of this study can be applied to secondary structures in civil engineering and construction projects in the future, such as precast concrete products, concrete pavements, or roads.

Analisis Kinerja Konsultan Pengawas Dalam Pelaksanaan Proyek Konstruksi

A civil construction project is said to be successful if it meets three parameters, namely cost, quality and time, where the project costs are in accordance with the budget, the quality of the project is achieved according to specifications or requirements and the maximum project duration is the same as the planned time. However, in its implementation, projects are often faced with certain conflicts, one of which has an impact on the completion time, so it is felt necessary to involve a supervisory consultant in it in the hope of being able to provide supervision and control over each work item's progress. In relation to roads as an example of a civil building in the form of land transportation infrastructure which includes all its parts, this is reflected in the Short Road Reconstruction Project - Tanah Garo in Muara Tabir District, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province which uses the 2022 National Economic Recovery Loan (PEN) funds amounting to Rp. . 49,638,999,000 for flexible pavement work along 13,503 m for 105 calendar days, research was carried out on several factors and variables regarding the significant role of supervisory consultants in keeping the project on track. The research method is qualitative analysis which is developmental in nature and uses the help of the Microsoft Excel 2019 application in processing data. From the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the performance of supervision and quality control of work carried out by CV. Atifa Cipta Plan as the supervisory consultant for the Short Road Reconstruction Project - Tanah Garo received the highest average score among the six other factors, namely 4.80, which means very good.

Parametric detailing of structural walls in reinforced concrete using revit software

The use of BIM has become increasingly important in the development of civil construction and architectural projects. The methodology integrates various design stages and allows for compatibility between different software. The parameterization process in Revit, a software used for architectural design, was researched to assist professionals in creating projects using reinforced concrete structural walls. These walls are flat elements with welded screens as reinforcements to resist structural stresses. The objective of the research was to model and parameterize a wall with an opening and a monolithic model. Firstly, data about the norms and characteristics of structural walls used in Brazil was collected, and technical drawings were produced using AutoCAD. This was done to recognize the parameters that would be used in Revit while modeling. Finally, the parameterization process was initiated using Revit functionalities to model the concrete wall and insert the necessary reinforcement using the "rebar" tool that the software offers. Technical drawings such as plans and cuts were produced from these models, which showed the sections of concrete and steel elements. Automated quantitative data was also obtained.

Exploration of Construction Safety Management of Civil Engineering Civil Construction Project

With the acceleration of urbanization, more and more construction projects are appearing, and the modern building functions are increasing, while the requirements for project management are also getting higher and higher. In the construction of civil engineering construction, it is necessary to make full preparations, rationally deploy materials, equipment and other resources to ensure the full implementation of construction technology, and further enhance the overall effect of engineering construction. The development of the market economy has promoted the reform of the enterprise management system and the bidding and tendering system. Many projects have made new adjustments in the reform system, leading to a new trend in the management mode of construction projects. It has made significant breakthroughs in management concepts, management strategies and management methods. The new model must bring changes in management. In view of this, this paper focuses on the related problems of civil engineering to improve the current management efficiency. If the quality of the project is not reasonably controlled, it will have a great impact on the economic benefits of the whole project and the development of the construction enterprise.

Utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate and silica fume for sustainable civil construction projects

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has not only had a severe impact on global health but also poses a threat to the environment. This research aims to explore an innovative approach to address the issue of increased waste generated by the pandemic. Specifically, the study investigates the utilization of discarded face masks in combination with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) and Silica Fume (SFM) in civil construction projects. The disposable face masks were processed by removing the ear loops and nose strips, and then cutting them into small fibers measuring 20 mm in length, 5 mm in width, and 0.46 mm in thickness, resulting in an aspect ratio of 24. Various proportions of SFM and RCA were incorporated into the concrete mix, with a focus on evaluating the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and durability of the resulting material. The findings indicate that the addition of SFM led to improvements in both compressive and split tensile strength, while no significant impact on durability was observed.

Effects of Cultural Factors on Cost Performance of Multinational Construction Organizations

Purpose: This study examines the effects of cultural factors on cost performance of multinational construction project organisations with a view towards identifying the most effective cost performance variables affected by the influence of cultural practices. Purposive sampling technique was adopted in deterring the number of construction professionals identified in construction companies with international market experience involved in the delivery of building, civil, and heavy engineering construction projects within the south-east geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Outline: A well-structured questionnaire was used to sample respondent’s opinion. Data analysis was through frequencies, percentile, and Mean Item Score (MIS). Findings: Research findings proved that irrespective of the positive effects of educational culture which improves cost performance by ensuring that projects are executed at estimated cost and within client’s budget (Mean = 4.34) and the result of effective communication culture which ensures value for money and return of customer as project is designed to suite client’s budget while maintaining standard quality delivery (Mean = 4.16), political culture tends to have mixed effect on cost performance as project design cost, labour, material and equipment cost, profit and overhead cost, etc. (Mean = 4.30) is found to be responsible for cost overruns of construction projects. Research Implication: The study recommends among others that multinational construction organisations pay great attention to the political style practiced in the host community / country in which they operate.

The cost management of civil and agro-industrial construction project in the scope of information model

The necessary conditions for the existence of an effective cost management system of investment and construction projects are established in the article. Stated aim of the study is to develop methodological provisions of the cost engineering using information modeling technologies. The methodological blocks for parameterization, goal-setting and algorithmization of the information model of an investment and construction project are developed by the author. A list of aggregative cost parameters and an aggregative cost function of an investment and construction project, which is based on aggregative cost parameters, are presented. The processes of budgeting, control and managerial decision-making were considered by the author as functional blocks. The tasks of project budgeting in the scope of an information model, the comprehensive budget model of an investment and construction project and its system parameterization are presented in the article. The main provisions of project cost control and a list of basic cost indicators for control purposes are considered. The requirements of information modeling compatibility with the current subject activity and other software are determined. The author has developed the main provisions of project change management in the scope of information model and recommendations for rational making management decision. An algorithm for a decision-making regarding the realization of an investment and construction project is presented. The prospects of adaptive management of investment and construction projects particularly cost is determined and the vector model of the project behavior under the management action is developed. The main customer requirements to the information model of the investment and construction project are presented. The advantages of using the 5D model in the cost management system for the implementation of an investment and construction project are revealed.

Numerical analysis of the behavior of masonry panels subjected to differential settlements in foundations using finite elements

Studies on the deleterious impacts of pathological manifestations in civil construction projects have become increasingly relevant, due to the growing number of occurrences in buildings. In view of this, differential settlement in foundations is considered a pathological manifestation. This manifestation in turn affects masonry panels, causing cracks. With this in mind, the general aim of this study is to numerically analyze, using ANSYS finite element software, the distribution of stresses in a reinforced concrete frame filled with masonry. The specific objectives are To characterize the pathological manifestations due to differential settlement; to model a frame system with masonry panels in the ANSYS software and to describe the forces acting on the masonry panels. As far as the methodological aspects are concerned, this research used an experimental bias, in a computational environment, and as far as the approach is concerned, the quantitative form was used. After carrying out the numerical simulation, it was found that there was a concentration of shear forces in the panel in the direction of approximately 45°, which was responsible for the appearance of cracks in the panels.

Project Communication Management in a Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMES) in a Construction Project

ABSTRACTMicro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have become Indonesia's most essential and strategically important national economic drivers. This research focuses on an MSME involved in a construction project in 2021. This research aims to shed light on the project communication management of an MSME organization, PT Nata Kota Nusantara, simply Natakota, a micro-scale enterprise based in Bogor. Natakota was engaged in a civil construction project in a remote site area at PT GDE (GDE) in Ciwidey, Bandung. GDE is a state-owned enterprise focusing on geothermal energy and power generation. Virtual ethnography, observation, and discourse analysis were performed to reveal the project communication management process within the organization. It was unveiled that Natakota used Google Spreadsheet as a form of free and open-source software (FOSS) as their primary communication tool during the project execution. Actor-Network Theory (ANT) explains that the actor is the prime entity that shapes, drives, and accelerates the communication process within the network. This research observed the communication and collaboration between employees on several Google Spreadsheet files. In a project execution phase, communication is essential to obtain a productive project. Project communication plays a central part in communicating information flow to execute that project successfully. The results of this research show that several features in Google Spreadsheet play as actors in the ANT framework, which shapes, drives, and accelerates the internal communication process in the organization. Additionally, it appears that Google Spreadsheet could offer a competitive low-cost option for MSMEs looking to manage internal communications effectively and efficiently.Keywords: collaboration, communication, MSMEs, organization, project

Discrete OBNSGA III method-based robust multi-objective scheduling model for civil construction projects

Discrete OBNSGA III method-based robust multi-objective scheduling model for civil construction projects

Civil Engineering Standard Measurement Method Adoption Using a Structural Equation Modelling Approach

The adoption of a standardized technique of measuring in civil construction projects is influenced both by the drivers and the strategies used, particularly in emerging nations such as Malaysia. So, the authors of this study used structural equation modeling and the PLS-SEM technique to inquire into the connection between the driver and strategy elements of the adoption. Quantity surveyors at quantity surveying consultancy companies using the standard measurement technique were polled using a questionnaire. Using the PLS-SEM technique provided by the SmartPLS 3 software, a hierarchical model was created to determine the components and their impacts on the adoption of the measuring method. The results indicated that all classes considerably influence the adoption of the standard technique of assessment, but the barrier factors had the most impact. The adoption of a standardized technique of measuring was significantly impacted by the driver and strategy elements. The coefficient of determination (R-squared value) of 0.400 indicates that the dependent variable(s) can be explained by the predictor variable(s) in the model. Moreover, Q2 is significantly different from zero, suggesting that endogenous latent components may be predicted by the conceptual model. Because of its high explanatory power, the created model has given a goodness-of-fit (GoF) index of 0.214. This means that the model adequately represents the link between the variables that affect measuring technique adoption and the effects of these factors. The first stage in determining what motivates people to utilize the most up-to-date standardized measurement approach in civil engineering construction projects is to develop a research model of the variables and to explain the connection between the driver and strategy factors on standard adoption.

Recycled Concrete Aggregated for the use in Roller Compacted Concrete: A Literature Review

The using of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW) can preserve natural aggregate resources, reduce the demand for landfill, and contribute to a sustainable built environment. Concrete demolition waste has been proven to be an excellent source of aggregates for new concrete production. At a technical, economic, and environmental level, roller compacted concrete (RCC) applications benefit various civil construction projects. Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) is a homogenous mixture that is best described as a zero-slump concrete placed with compacting equipment, uses in storage areas, dams, and most often as a basis for rigid pavements. The mix must be sufficiently dry to support the weight of vibratory machinery while still being sufficiently moist to enough paste binder dispersion throughout the mass for efficient compaction. Limited studies into the use of RCC with fine recycled aggregate not from pavements are figured. This study aims to see how well-recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) perform in RCC mixtures. Also how well waste concrete could be used as a fine and coarse aggregate substitute in roller-compacted concrete pavement mixes, to create a good concrete mix in both wet and firm phases. The test results of mechanical properties showed 10% RCA is similar to those in the reference mix in the compressive strength, a 100% RCA ratio reduces compressive strength by almost 30%. Comparing Reference mix and Recycled concrete by 30% replacement, the compressive strength drops by just 6% when the RCA ratio is 30%.

The challenges of green supply chain management (GSCM) system implementation in civil construction project

Nowadays, the construction industry has negatively affected the local environment and community through the noise, air, water, and land pollution. The implementation of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has been recognized as a green approach in reducing environmental issues in the construction industry. However, GSCM had no significant effect on athletic performance because not many company owners or managers had implemented green supply chain management in companies. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify the challenges to implement GSCM concepts in civil engineering construction. Through a questionnaire survey, fifty respondents from civil engineering companies at Sepang and Hulu Langat Selangor participated. The findings were analysed using SPSS software and the Relative Importance Index (RII). Different in perspective and culture, financial limitations and fear of failure were internal challenges against implementing GSCM. Meanwhile, the external challenges were a lack of support and guidelines from the government, not having an engagement of management from third parties, and not having actual environmental measurements of the GSCM system. This study is significant for apprehending the challenges and ineffectiveness of GSCM practices in Malaysia.

The costs and challenges of installing corridor DC Fast Chargers in California

A national network of DC Fast Charging infrastructure (DCFC) corridors can facilitate connectivity and long-distance travel using battery electric vehicles (BEVs). Optimal locations of such facilities are where BEV drivers have easy access to charging where drivers will not have to make any deviation from their pre-planned trips. Such optimally located corridor DCFCs are usually in remote, underserved communities and immediately next to a highway where they lack the advantages of shared utility infrastructure in an urban setting. Therefore, we find that other studies and industry knowledge of infrastructure investments do not apply to corridor DCFC locations. This study evaluates the full project costs of installing and commissioning 54 DC Fast Chargers in 36 sites located in major transportation corridors in California and finds significant variation in costs between them. While existing studies show costs ranging from $20,000 - $150,000, we find costs range anywhere between $122,000 and $440,000. This data is critical for new investment in the U.S. to construct a national charging network of DC Fast charging corridors. We find that a significant proportion of the full project costs are taken up by on site “make-ready infrastructure” costs that vary greatly due to site-specific factors and design choices. DCFC installations should be considered civil construction projects with significant electrical infrastructure planning and installation that requires the cooperation of many local stakeholders. We find that costs can be greatly reduced by working with local electrical utilities early in the design and site selection stages when possible. Our study finds that some cost shift towards utility side costs can greatly reduce overall construction costs for sites along highways. We also find that grid-connected DCFC design are substantially cheaper than off-grid solar powered DCFC with onsite storage.

Effect of type of mixer on rheological and mechanical behavior of ultra high‐performance concrete

AbstractUltrahigh‐performance concrete (UHPC) is becoming increasingly frequent in several civil construction projects such as industries, buildings, and even infrastructure. The rheological and mechanical behaviors, coupled with durability, are the driving motives for this increase in use over the last few decades. However, the type of mixer used in UHPC production considerably affects the final composites performance due to variations in mixing velocity and the need to disperse particles with low granulometry. This study evaluated the effect of type of mixer in the properties of UHPC in the fresh and hardened states. This study evaluates three types of mixers: planetary vertical axis, horizontal axis, and drum. Results showed that the drum mixer was the least efficient in homogenizing the composite. It showed an average mixing time about 126% longer than planetary vertical or horizontal‐axis mixers to reach the same level of flowability. The composite from the drum mixer also had the most entrained air and void index. The planetary vertical‐axis mixer was the most efficient, with the resulting composite having a potential compression strength of 169.1 MPa, 19.3% higher than the composite from the horizontal‐axis mixer.

Use of multicriteria decision making methods in the project selection for expansion of residential condominiums

Civil construction projects must be evaluated to guarantee maximum assertiveness. The objective of the study was to determine the best company for the execution of a condominium expansion project, using multicriteria methods to assist in the decision-making of a condominium administrator. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to define the criteria for analysing the three candidate companies and the fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to select the company to carry out the project. The results showed that the people criterion, was the most prioritised by the manager, revealing the importance of investing in the development of employees, which is reflected in the services provided.