City Teenagers Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Instagram “Teladan Rasul” dalam Pemenuhan Informasi Keagamaan Dikalangan Remaja Kota Kisaran Kabupaten Asahan

This research in the form of a thesis aims to find out and understand the Rasul's Instagram example, including a forum for adding religious information among teenagers and to find out what the positive impact of the Rasul's Instagram example is being used by today's teenagers to fulfill the need for religious information through Instagram social media, especially teenagers in the city. Kisaran, Asahan Regency.The research method used is a qualitative research method, using a communication sociology approach, while data collection techniques are carried out by means of observation, interviews and documentation.The results of the research show that Rasul's exemplary Instagram is a forum for fulfilling the religious information needs of City Teenagers. The range of information obtained from Rasul's exemplary account is in the form of photos and videos with a short duration but the information obtained is accurate so that what is conveyed is in accordance with religious information needs for teenagers and received a good response among Kisaran City teenagers. Likewise, the positive impact of Rasul's Instagram example on the lives of teenagers in Kisaran City in their daily lives, such as a lot of knowledge and knowledge about the Islamic religion, which at first they didn't know about, became more knowledgeable. There is a desire to improve themselves after reading the messages in the Rasul's exemplary account so that teenagers become interested in preaching to millennial teenagers as was done in the Rasul's exemplary account.

THE EFFECT OF FINANCIAL LITERATURE AND FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY ON COMMUNITY FINANCIAL INCLUSION (CASE STUDY ON ADOLESCENT IN CITY OF TEBING TINGGI, NORTH SUMATERA)

This study aims to determine and analyze the Effect of Financial Literacy and Financial Technology on Public Financial Inclusion (Case Study on Teenagers in Tebing Tinggi City, North Sumatra). This research method uses a quantitative approach and uses associative research with questionnaire data collection techniques. The population in this study amounted to 27,837 people in Tebing Tinggi city teenagers and this study used incidental sampling technique, taking a sample of 100 respondents. The data analysis technique in this study used the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, research hypothesis testing (t test and F test), and the coefficient of determination. Based on the results of this study, financial literacy has a significant influence on community financial inclusion in Tebing Tinggi city adolescents, financial technology has a significant influence on community financial inclusion in Tebing Tinggi city adolescents, financial literacy and financial technology affect community financial inclusion in Tebing Tinggi city adolescents. Key Words : Financial Literacy, Financial Technology, Financial Inclusion JEL Classification:B26, C58, E26

Perilaku Seks Pranikah Pada Kalangan Remaja Di Kota Serang

ABSTRACT
 Premarital sexual behavior is sexual activity or behavior that involves two people who like or love each other and do it before marriage.. The research objective is to see and understand the description of premarital sex behavior among adolescents grouped in Serang City, with whom and where adolescents are having premarital sex, knowing how much influence the knowledge of premarital sex has, seeing the factors that cause premarital sex behavior in the adolescent class in Serang City, looks at the impact of premarital sex behavior on Serang City teenagers, and provides alternative solutions to tackle premarital sex behavior among adolescents in Serang City. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case research method. Determination of informants in this study using purposive sampling method. The research arrangement was carried out in Serang City. Methods of data in in-depth interviews, observation, documentation, and questionnaires. The data validity test was conducted by using the triangulation method of sources and member checks. The data analysis technique used is an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display (data display), and conclusion drawing. The results showed that premarital sex behavior among adolescents in Serang City was mostly done but not openly in certain places such as boarding houses in Serang City and free. The factors that cause premarital sexual behavior are relationship with parents, religious education in the family, peers, and technology. Alternative guidance and counseling that can be given by counselors is counseling services with a Behavioral approach or with a rational emotive therapy (RET) approach.
 
 Keywords: premarital sex behavior, premarital sex factors, impact of premarital, counselling

EFEKTIVITAS KINERJA BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL KABUPATEN HULU SUNGAI UTARA DALAM UPAYA PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA DI KALANGAN REMAJA KOTA AMUNTAI

Problems in the North Hulu Sungai Regency regarding drug trafficking have greatly increased, because it is the second largest area in South Kalimantan. And patient data that has been counseled by the National Narcotics Agency of North Hulu Sungai Regency as many as 29 people, but there are many more that have not been officially recorded. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the effectiveness of the performance of the National Narcotics Agency of the North Hulu Sungai Regency and the factors that influence the efforts to tackle narcotics abuse among Amuntai City teenagers. The research method is descriptive qualitative, type and source of data that is primary data through observation, interviews while secondary data through documents that exist at the National Narcotics Agency of North Hulu Sungai Regency with a sampling technique that is purposive sampling technique. From the results of the study showed that the effectiveness of the National Narcotics Agency of North Hulu Sungai District has been going well with various prevention efforts undertaken by the North Hulu Sungai Regency National Narcotics Agency in the efforts to Prevent and Eradicate Abuse and Circulation of Narcotics Darkness (P4GN) by going through Desire, Business in the form of socialization activities to various schools, universities or colleges, Communication and skills in the form of art performances; dissemination through print media, electronic media, and outdoor media; the formation and training of anti-drug cadres; in the efforts of P4GN BNNK Hulu Sungai Utara to implement the formation of work discipline to improve the performance of HNN North River North BNNK employees in eradicating Narcotics among the Community and adolescents by using measuring work discipline and work performance. Factors that affect the effectiveness of the performance of the North Narcotics National Narcotics Agency (BNNK) can be viewed from legal factors, facilities and facilities factors in law enforcement, community factors. The advice given for input material is to provide a place for counseling and rehabilitation for drug abusers among adolescents and the community, and to provide a funding budget that suits your needs

ANALISIS RESEPSI REMAJA KOTA SAMPIT MENGENAI KEBERAGAMAN DI MEDIA

The aim of the study is to reveal the viewpoints of adolescents as media audiences, how they interpret their lives in the midst of Indonesia's diversity. The method used is Reception Analysis using encoding and decoding models from Stuart Hall. The subjects of the study were 9 Sampit City teenagers aged 15-18 years with a diversity of sex, religion, and ethnicity. While the concept used is the study of Indonesian-ness, imagined communities, nation and state and identity. The results showed that adolescents in Sampit City were traumatized by stories of riots based on ethnic sentiment as told by parents, based on YouTube's content and also through the context of the 2017 local election reporting. Ethnic sentiments still exist because the content on YouTube allows them to reconnect with the 2001 conflict. So the dominant meaning of hegemonic is that they agree that Indonesia's diverse ethnic situation can lead to conflict and is easily used by irresponsible groups. The next meaning on the negotiating side is that prejudice and stereotyping occur in Sampit, respectively. To eliminate the trauma of ethnic conflict, they hope that more activities will involve cultural gatherings.

Applying a Global Perspective to School-Based Health Centers in New York City

BackgroundSince the 1960s, school-based health centers (SBHC) in the United States have emerged and grown with the mission of providing primary medical, reproductive, and mental health services, as well as comprehensive health education, to all students who are enrolled in the participating school. SBHCs have demonstrated a unique ability to reduce barriers to medical care for underserved populations in New York City, including undocumented immigrants and those who are of lower income status. MethodsThe Mount Sinai Adolescent Health Center School-Based Health Program (MSAHC SBHP) was established in 1985 in order to increase access to care for New York City teens. After a change of physical location, one particular site of the MSAHC SBHP had a significant decrease in clinic visits and enrollment. Traditional outreach strategies were utilized, but the results of the efforts were disappointing. Applying the Community Health Worker model, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), the MSAHC SBHP developed the Student Ambassador Program, a student-organized community-engagement initiative. The program is based on the premise that youth can be effective at outreach and serving as community liaisons to increase awareness and use of the SBHC. The SBH staff provided recruitment, training, and support. The student ambassadors initiated peer-informed outreach projects to appeal to the student body. Upon completion of the Student Ambassador projects, clinic enrollment increased 4.3% and visits increased 32% over the prior year. ConclusionsSchool-based health centers in the United States have helped to provide comprehensive, multidisciplinary care to many children who would otherwise not be able to access care, but community engagement is critical to their success. Applying the WHO Community Health Worker Model to utilize school students for outreach to their school community is an effective way to increase utilization.

HUBUNGAN IMPLEMENTASI NILAI-NILAI AKHLAK DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH PADA REMAJA PUTRI DI DESA RENDENG RW 2-5 KABUPATEN KUDUS

Background: Knowledge of adolescent reproductive health is still very low evidenced 83.7% of adolescent reproductive health and the lack of understanding of just 3.6% who know the importance of reproductive health. So also with the limited knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health often leads to premarital sex acts. City teenagers are increasingly daring sexual intercourse before marriage. Objective: To determine the relationship of adolescent dating behavior with adolescent premarital sexual incident in the village of the district Rendeng Kudus. Methods: This study was correlational. The approach used in this study was cross sectional. The population in this study were young in the village Rendeng totaling 140 people. Sample of 58 people. Data analysis using chi square.Results of the research Most teens have not suit the application value - the value of religion as many as 35 people (60.3%) and the appropriate application of value - the value of religion as much as 23 people (39.7%). Most teens have a negative sexual behaviors as many as 36 people (62.15) and was positive in 22 (37.9%). There is a relationship Application values of Islam with Genesis Premarital Sexual Teen in Village Rendeng RW 2-5 Kudus Regency (p value = 0.001).

DYNAMICS OF VITAL VALUES OF ADOLESCENTS AND A PROBLEM OF CORRUPTION IN POST-SOVIET RUSSIA

The purpose of the article is to show immanent interrelation between structure of terminal and tool vital values of adolescents of the Post-Soviet period and predisposition to perpetrate of corruption actions. Methods . The methods involve philosophical analysis, supervision, questioning under the formalized questionnaire, conversation, and longitudinal research. The program of research includes the questions connected with different aspects, factors and motives of valuable orientations of adolescents. Results . Results of longitudinal research (1998–2014) of dynamics of vital values of adolescents are presented. It is established that the structure of adolescent’s axio-sphere has radically changed for the studied period. In 1998, the most important life values were money, material well-being; in contrast to 2014 when the values are good health and love. Thus, there is a reorientation of adolescents from mercantile values to spiritual values. On the other hand, the system of instrumental values changes. In 90-s, the main means of achieving life goals were money, violence and helping of other people; it is in contrast to 2014 when teenagers are guided more by their own strength. Scientific novelty . It is for the first time shown that feature of vital values of modern city teenagers is inability of long expectation of realization of the vital purposes. It is burdened also by the fact that many vital values (education, health, love, friendship) turn into exchange values (costs) in modern capitalist society. Therefore teenagers prefer to use money as means of instant achievement of the purposes. These factors form real predisposition of adolescents to perpetrate corruption actions. Practical significance . The presented investigation can be interesting to parents, tutors of preschool institutions, teachers of schools, experts in the field of psychology, sociologists, lawyers, and law enforcement officers.

Nativity Status/Length of Stay in the US and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain in New York City Teens, 2008–2010

Nativity status/length of stay in the US has been found to be associated with obesity. However, little work has examined the role of nativity status/length of stay in excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) in adolescents. This study utilized New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene birth certificate data in a cross-sectional analysis of 15,715 singleton births to primiparous teen mothers (12-19 years) between 2008 and 2010. Nativity and length of stay in the United States (US) were obtained from birth certificates. EGWG was calculated using weight at delivery and pre-pregnancy weight. Prevalence ratios were calculated through generalized estimating equations to assess the strength of the association between nativity status/length of US residence and EGWG. For US-born teens, 43 % gained more weight than recommended as compared to 32 % for foreign-born teens who have lived in the US for less than 5 years (FB <5 years). Following adjustment for maternal demographics and other factors, US-born teens (adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) (CI) 1.26 [1.18,1.34]), FB 10+ years (APR (CI) 1.17 [1.07,1.28]), and FB 5-10 years (APR (CI) 1.11 [1.01,1.21]) were more likely to have gained weight excessively as compared to FB <5 years. US-born teens and FB teens that have been in the US longer than 5 years are more likely to gain weight excessively during pregnancy as compared to teens with fewer than 5 years in the US. These results identify a critical period when adolescents are in frequent contact with health care providers and can receive counseling regarding healthy weight gain.

The Shame Ethic in Adolescent Psychotherapy

The shame-ethic, which emphasizes courage, disregard of personal safety and maintenance of ones social image, probably goes back to early human history. It tends to arise in social systems that view themselves as under attack and that lean toward combative, aggressive or even militaristic solutions. Cultures operating with this ethic place great importance on appearing strong and invincible; losing face and being shamed are to be avoided at all costs. In our era, the “Code of the Streets” is a modern version of this ethic, to which many inner city teenagers subscribe. This code values self-protection, self-aggrandizement, and the capacity to dominate others. It is fragile and must be continually maintained by actions that demean and victimize others. The behavior that characterizes many adolescents who come into treatment settings can be understood in terms of the shame ethnic. Treatment approaches for these young people need to take this dynamic into account and frame interventions in ways that support self esteem while suggesting pro-social behavioral alternatives. This article discusses ways that therapists can be effective with adolescents who subscribe to the shame ethic. Keywords: Adolescents, psychotherapy, delinquency, shame, the code of the streets, ethic of Sparta, ethic of Athens, Code of the Street, self-aggrandizement, progressivism, permissiveness, social fabric, militaristic solutions, catastrophic defenses, intimidation

Program Offers Disadvantaged Teens a Gateway to Health and Science Careers

AT A TIME WHEN EMPLOYMENT IS hard to find even for adult fulltime workers, many high school students would consider themselves fortunate to secure a minimum-wage job for the summer. Only those with luck or connections might be able to obtain a position that helps them build experience toward a future career. But thanks to an innovative program that focuses specifically on those least likely to find such opportunities, a group of New York City teenagers spent the summer as research interns in some of the most prestigious laboratories and hospitals in the Northeast. And that’s just one facet of a 4-year high-school program designed to prepare students for highly skilled careers in health and science. These students are enrolled in the Gateway Institute for Pre-College Education (http://www.gateway.cuny.edu /Gateway_Site/home.html), which has helped prepare low-income and minority high school students for careers in medicine, science, and technology since 1986. According to a recent survey of the 85% of Gateway graduates who have been tracked, about 80% of them have graduated from 4-year colleges and 10% have gone on to medical school—30 times the national rate for a ninthgrade cohort, said Gateway director Morton Slater, PhD, who has been with the program since its inception. Inspired by this success, Gateway has launched a similar program in Boston, which has just recruited its third group of students. In the coming years, physicians and educators committed to the program hope to replicate the Gateway approach around the country. “This program is urgently needed in more areas,” said Howard Hiatt, MD, a member of the Gateway Advisory Board who is former dean of the Harvard School of Public Health, professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, and senior physician at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston.

The Teen Outreach Reproductive CHallenge: Improving Adolescent Health Care Delivery Through Peer Education Projects

ABSTRACT The Teen Outreach Reproductive CHallenge (TORCH) is a peer education program that provides information on various topics relevant to adolescent sexual health to a diverse audience, ranging from teens to health care providers. This information is disseminated through various projects by a group of New York City high-school students who are extensively trained to become peer educators. One TORCH project is the peer leadership and advocacy project, in which peer educators perform workshops related to issues of sexual health and rights for New York City teens. Another TORCH project is the Adolescent Health Care Communication Project, which focuses on improving communication between health care providers and adolescents. In addition, there is the Adolescent Standardized Patient Project, where selected TORCH members act as standardized patients in medical training programs. The goal of TORCH is to empower youth to educate their peers as well as health care providers about adolescent sexual health issues.

Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollutants in Teenagers Residing in Mexico City

ISEE-825 Objective: To evaluate the association between long-term exposure to ozone (O3), particulate matter <10 μm in diameter (PM10), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and lung function growth in Mexico City teenagers. Materials and Methods: A cohort of 829 healthy middle schoolchildren residing in Mexico City, aged 12 to 15 years, was evaluated every 6 months, from January 2000 to June 2002. Spirometric tests, following American Thoracic Society (ATS) standards, and a risk factor questionnaire were applied at each evaluation. The associations between lung function and exposure to air pollutants (O3, PM10, and NO2) measured in the 6 months before the spirometry, adjusting by short-term air pollutant exposure, were evaluated using general linear mixed models. Results: Significant deficits in lung function growth rate were associated with exposure to O3, PM10, and NO2 in 1-pollutant models. Each 10 ppb increase in 8-hour mean ozone levels averaged over the last 6 months was associated with 6-months deficits in FEV1of 19 (95% CI: −30 to −8) mL in girls and 25 (95% CI: −37 to −13) mL in boys. For PM10, every 10 g/m3 increase in 24-hour average levels over the last 6 months produced 6-months deficits: in FEV1 of 28 (95% CI: −34 to −23) mL in girls and 39 (95% CI: −46 to −33) mL in boys. For NO2, every 10 ppb change in 24-h average levels over the last 6 months was associated with 6-months in FEV1 of 44 (95% CI: −56 to −31) mL in girls and 64 (95% CI: −79 to −48) mL in boys. Conclusions: Chronic exposure of ozone, PM10, and NO2 were associated with a deficit in lung function growth among these healthy adolescents residing in Mexico City.

Depression and treatment with inner city pregnant and parenting teens

Between a quarter and half of pregnant adolescents are estimated to be depressed (Beardslee et al. 1988). Two recent open clinical trials found significant drops in depression levels among pregnant and newly parenting inner city teenagers after 12 weeks of Interpersonal Psychotherapy modified for pregnant teenagers (Miller et al. submitted). The current study addresses the nature of and contributors to participants' depression, and the active ingredients in their healing. Qualitative analyses of therapy sessions, clinical notes and post hoc interviews of clinicians were integrated with questionnaire data. The most common symptoms of participant depression (n = 80) were anger/irritability and sadness and the cluster of depressive symptoms with the greatest variance was characterized by shame and guilt. Participants attributed symptoms of depression to feeling trapped or wronged, when family members were sad or rejecting and when the symptoms functioned to help participants meet their needs. Experiences associated with symptom relief were validation of pregnancies, successful use of self-advocacy and boundary setting skills and recognition of passage through important transitions. Support from participants' mothers was instrumental. Interpersonal contexts may be pivotal in contributing, maintaining and/or alleviating depression among poor urban pregnant and newly parenting adolescents.

Preventing Preterm Birth—is it Really Impossible?: A Comment on the IOM Report on Preterm Birth

I do not agree with one of the major conclusions of the Institute of Medicine’s [11] Report, Preterm Birth: Causes, Consequences, and Prevention, that prevention of preterm birth is unsuccessful. The IOM report is a synthesis of the most available knowledge about preterm birth, its causes and consequences. But despite the word prevention used in the title, the report is open to technical criticism on this specific issue. I have three main points of disagreement. The first point is about the meaning of the term prevention in this context. Prevention is generally used to describe an activity or intervention aimed at reducing the appearance of a disease in a given population [17]. It is thus applied to the effect of an immunization proposed to all members of this population [12]. Prevention of obesity correctly describes a policy aimed at convincing all members of a given community to change their eating habits and exercise more. But this common definition is not that used by the authors of the IOM Report when they report a list of interventions for the prevention of preterm birth which are all directed at a limited group of the population of pregnant women––those at high risk, such as women with a previous preterm birth or inner city teenagers. Thus it is not surprising that all the preventive interventions failed, except for progesterone treatment of pregnant women with a previous preterm birth, which was the closest to a therapeutic intervention on a well-defined group. One would not be surprised by the failure of a preventive intervention based on more exercise proposed to a clearly defined highrisk group of obese hypertensive men in their 50s. Our analysis of the results of a preventive intervention for women with risk factors defining them as at high risk found no effect of a preventive effect [4, 6]. This intervention modified prenatal care and included better measurement of the specific risk for every woman, by clinical cervical length measurements and assessment of the risk factors related to work or home life, together with more prescriptions for early maternity leave for women with a shortened cervix or with difficult working conditions. The 12-year study included all pregnant women in a defined geographic region (n = 16,000). The effectiveness of the intervention was tested by comparison with 3 historical cohorts, each of 4 years duration, and took into account the differential acceptance of the new model of care according to socioeconomic group. It observed a globally positive effect: in the overall cohort, preterm birth rates declined, as measured by the rate of live births before 37 weeks in E. Papiernik (&) Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universite Paris5 Rene Descartes, Maternite Port-Royal, 123 Bd de Port-Royal, 75014 Paris, France e-mail: emile.papiernik@wanadoo.fr

Teenage Pregnancy in the Texas Panhandle

This study compares rural and small-city teenage and adult pregnancies, with respect to complication rates and pregnancy outcomes. Chart review of Medicaid patients (513 teenage [under 20 years] and 174 adult controls [ages 25-34]) delivered (excluding multiple gestation) in Amarillo, Texas, from January 1999 to April 2001. Demographic data collected included maternal race, gravidity, parity, smoking status, drug usage, presence of antenatally diagnosed sexually transmitted disease(s), county type (rural vs small city) and number of prenatal visits. Outcomes included mode of delivery, primary cesarean section rates, preterm birth (<34 or <37 weeks), birth weight, birth weight <2500 g, preeclampsia, total maternal weight gain, hemoglobin changes after delivery, Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Statistical comparisons between groups were made for a number of factors and outcomes (P < .05). Teenagers did not have a significantly higher frequency of either illicit drug or tobacco usage, but teenagers <17 years had a greater incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (19.8% vs 10.4%, P < .008) and preeclampsia (7.1% vs 2.3%, P < .025, odds ratio 3.2 [1.1 to 9.9]) when compared with adults. The total weight gain was highest for teens < or =17 years (36.4 pounds vs adults: 28.2, P < .001). The primary cesarean section rate was higher in adults (all teens 18.5% vs adults 38.6%, P < 001). County rurality had no impact on any of the observed findings or variables tested. Young teenagers have a higher incidence of sexually transmitted diseases and preeclampsia and also gain significantly more weight with pregnancy than young adults. However, the pregnancy outcomes were no different for rural vs small city teens.

Urban Adolescents' Out-of-School Activity Profiles: Associations with Youth, Family, and School Transition Characteristics

This study applied individual growth trajectory analyses and person-oriented analysis to identify common profiles of out-of-school activity engagement trajectories among racially and ethnically diverse inner city teens (N = 1,430). On average, teens exhibited declining trajectories of participation in school-based and team sports activities and increasing trajectories of religious activity participation. A wide variety of patterns of participation, however, characterized individual teens' involvement across domains. Cluster analysis revealed 10 unique profiles that reflected varying levels of participation in school-based, religious, and team sports activities. Youth demographic characteristics, parental employment status, and school transition timing predicted activity profile membership. Unemployment predicted membership in profiles characterized by low or decreasing activity participation. Later school transitions were associated with membership in high participation profiles.

Presence of disordered eating among Mexican teenage women from a semi‐urban area: its relation to the cultural hypothesis

AbstractThe idea of culture as a risk factor for eating disorders has been supported by the higher frequencies of such disorders in the industrialized countries. In a non‐urban area of the state of Michoacan, Mexico, we found elevated frequencies of dangerous eating behaviours among teenage girls. We used a checklist, previously employed in a survey of Mexico City teenagers, with a sample of 458 girls (mean age = 16.5 yr). We found that 27.9 per cent of them were seriously concerned about weighing too much, 14.3 per cent practised dieting or fasting in order to lose weight and 2.4 per cent binged and vomited. These percentages are higher than those of a sample of Mexico City girls. Nevertheless, we suggest that culture should still be considered a risk factor, and propose that a more precise definition of the term is needed in order to understand its effects upon the presence of disordered eating. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.

Trends in birth rates: New York City 1970-1995.

Traditional means of assessing the problem of teen pregnancy have relied on national or state statistics. By using large geographic areas, usually comprised of a heterogeneous population, it is impossible to tell which subareas have more of a problem than others. This study focused on trends in teen birth rates at the health district level in New York City over a 25-year period to illustrate variations among ethnic groups. Teen birth rates were calculated based on vital statistics published by the New York City Department of Health. They were calculated as the number of births per 1,000 females in each of three age groups: under age 15, 15-17, and 18-19. Rates were calculated for the entire City, for four boroughs, and for selected health center districts. The decline in the birth rate among New York City teens is most significant in health districts populated by blacks. An exception is the noted increases in birth rates in districts populated predominantly by Hispanics. Data show substantial decreases among older teens compared to younger teens. Birth trends in small areas of New York City mirror trends seen nationwide. As migration changes the ethnic composition of small areas, it is important to monitor trends so that policies and programs can be targeted to those in need.

Urban Community Action Planning Inspires Teenagers to Transform Their Community and Their Identity

ABSTRACT This paper discusses the way a participatory community development technique, Urban Community Action Planning (UCAP), transformed a group of city teenagers into community planners. This teen group, Teen Inspirators, On the Move, formed in response to a community need for more youth activities and programming. This need was identified during a Community Planning Initiative sponsored by the Oak Hill Community Development Corporation located in Worcester, Massachusetts. The Teen Inspirators committed themselves to revitalizing their community and changing their own image in the neighborhood. Participatory planning techniques gave youth the voice, power, and tools to accomplish these goals.