City Services Research Articles

Augmenting last-mile connectivity with multimodal transport: Do choice riders favor integrated bike taxi-bus service in metro cities?

While the pursuit of sustainable measures to arrest private vehicle usage and externalities continues, poor last-mile connectivity remains a major deterrent for choice riders (car owners) considering the use of public transport. The present study proposes an integrated Bike Taxi-Bus Service (BTBS) system as a solution to last-mile connectivity concerns and investigates the perception of choice riders towards BTBS. The research was carried out in two Indian metro cities, tier 1 (Bangalore) and tier 2 (Kochi), where bike taxi and bus services operate independently, albeit without integration. The study investigates the perception of choice riders in two stages. Firstly, to identify key intervention areas for the development of an integrated BTBS system. Secondly, to develop econometric models for the estimation of choice riders’ Willingness to Pay (WTP) for BTBS attributes and their potential shift in demand towards BTBS. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to explore the influence of various attributes on demand shift and to establish appropriate attribute levels to attract choice riders. While intervention areas are identified using Revised Importance Satisfaction Analysis (Revised ISA), Mixed Logit (ML) models are developed to estimate demand and WTP values. Unlike previous studies, intervention areas are identified using factor structure and management schemes. The study demonstrates the application of Revised ISA in attribute selection for econometric modelling. The work identified 50% of the listed attributes as intervention areas and notably higher WTP values of choice riders for BTBS attributes. This indicates the promise of BTBS while emphasizing the need for urgent attention.

IoT-enabled smart cities towards green energy systems: a review

<span>Integration of internet of things (IoT) in smart city management to improve various functions and living standards due to increasing population growth has dramatically evolved ubiquitous and essential services at various stages of urbanization. Hence, smart cities need to be eco-friendly by improving various sectors like education, health, and transport to provide an urban and sustainable quality of life through solving complicated green energy networks, controlling toxic pollution risks, and public safety. Linking optimized green energy systems with the production and automation of advanced applications is crucial to compose implementation strategies for smart city services. This paper aims to conduct a review on eco-friendly plans and infrastructure of IoT-enabled smart cities by exploiting green energy approaches. This study performs critical observations, ideas, and analyses of recent research in the context of our mentioned research theme. This paper points out the technical and functional challenges of an optimal performance-based green IoT-enabled smart city infrastructure. In this sense, this study organizes observations of relevant initiatives, technologies, and experiences in IoT-enabled smart cities, as well as how to embed it with green energy. Moreover, it can provide significant directions to intellectuals and authorities to develop IoT-enabled smart city applications for prospective research.</span>

Displaced by nature, driven by choice: Exploring the factors influencing environmental migrants' habitat preferences in coastal Bangladesh

This study examines the factors influencing environmental migrants’ habitat preferences in southwestern Bangladesh. Using a multi-stage sampling technique, we selected 408 households in rural and urban areas, who had moved to their current locations due to climatic extremes. We applied relevant regression models to analyze the complex interplay of socioeconomic, environmental, and institutional factors shaping migration decisions. Our empirical results suggest that, despite having greater access to services in cities, migrants reported lower levels of well-being than their rural counterparts, which could be attributed to reduced social cohesion and limited opportunities for participation in decision-making. Disaster preparedness, early warning access, and prolonged exposure to environmental hazards significantly influence migration decisions and well-being. Protracted post-disaster suffering increases the likelihood of migration to urban slums, emphasizing the vulnerability of rural populations. Men are more likely than women to migrate to urban areas, possibly due to perceived employment opportunities. Surprisingly, while slum dwellers have better service access, their well-being scores are lower than rural residents. Access to education, healthcare, safe drinking water, and early warning systems are all crucial determinants of well-being. Policy recommendations include improving disaster preparedness and early warning systems in rural areas, developing targeted interventions for urban slum migrants focused on social cohesion and income diversification, and implementing gender-specific support programs. This research contributes to understanding environmental migration dynamics in Bangladesh and informs policymakers about sustainable resettlement strategies. Future studies should explore non-linear relationships and expand to diverse geographical contexts.

Impact of COVID-19 on health-related quality of life in patients with cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional study.

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare access for cardiovascular patients, potentially worsening their health outcomes and quality of life through both medical and psychological impacts. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular disease before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The work was conducted from January 9 to April 28, 2023, in Almaty city and the Almaty region. 3026 outpatients with cardiovascular pathology participated in the survey using a standardised European Quality of Life Questionnaire. The study utilized cluster, frequency analysis, and discrete statistics to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life parameters, revealing significant changes in anxiety and depression among cardiovascular patients, resulting in reduced quality of life (from 0.3% to 5.5% and 0.4; to 7.5% in the categories of extremely severe and severe manifestations, respectively). An analysis of the nosological structure of cardiovascular diseases in the study group was performed and revealed that coronary heart disease occurred in 51.6% of cases, arterial hypertension in 88%, and diabetes mellitus in 34.6%. The availability of both outpatient and inpatient medical services in Almaty region and Almaty city was also assessed, and their comparative analysis was conducted, during which it was found that the need for these services in the district settlements is 10% and 12% higher, respectively, than in the city, which is particularly important for understanding the effectiveness of the public health system in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, both at the regional and republican levels. This study is of practical importance for health care workers, as it allows assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of life of patients with cardiovascular diseases, which provides an opportunity to develop effective rehabilitation protocols and psychological support for this vulnerable category.

Accessibility evaluation and multi-scenario optimization of medical services in underdeveloped city driven by multi-source data and latest policies for China

Accessibility evaluation and multi-scenario optimization of medical services in underdeveloped city driven by multi-source data and latest policies for China

Antenatal care practices for gestational weight gain: a cross sectional survey of antenatal care providers reported provision and barriers to providing recommended care.

Implementation of recommended gestational weight gain (GWG) care by antenatal care providers is poor. It is unclear whether practice implementation and barriers differ between antenatal care provider profession or experience. This study aimed to assesses the provision of and barriers to guideline care for GWG and examine associations with professional discipline and years of experience. A cross sectional survey was conducted with antenatal care providers working in three public maternity services in a regional city in Australia. Data were collected on the provision of and barriers (informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework) to recommended GWG care. Data were summarised using descriptive statistics. Associations between health profession characteristics (professional discipline and years providing antenatal care) and GWG care practices and barrier outcomes were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. 117 antenatal care providers completed the survey (75% participation rate). One quarter (25%) reported that they routinely provided recommended GWG assessment at the first antenatal visit, and 9% at subsequent visits. Only 7% routinely provided recommended advice on GWG, healthy eating and physical activity. Professional discipline or years of experience were not associated with higher odds of GWG practices. Skills, belief about capabilities, belief about consequences and environmental context and resources were barriers to providing care. Medical professionals had higher odds of agreeing that they have been adequately trained to address GWG (OR = 9.14, 95%CI:3.10-26.90) and feel competent in having sensitive conversations with pregnant women about GWG (OR = 8.60, 95%CI:2.29-32.28) than midwives. Midwives had higher odds of agreeing that there are services they can refer pregnant women to for further support (OR = 2.80, 95%CI:1.13-6.91). The provision of antenatal care for GWG was low, inconsistently provided and did not differ by professional discipline or years of experience. Antenatal care providers report numerous barriers including skills, belief about capabilities, belief about consequences, and environmental context and resources. Barriers to GWG care provision differed by professional discipline, but not years of providing care. The findings demonstrate that the type and prioritisation of practice-change implementation strategies may need to be tailored to address the differential barriers faced by professional groups.

At the opinion crossroads: Kuibyshev in the days of the Great Patriotic War (1941–1943)

The article considers Kuibyshev city (Samara nowadays) in the wartime (1941–1943), the features of its life activity and development. The solving of the large-scale tasks raised in connection with the unprecedented evacuation of the government departments, diplomatic body, people’s commissariats, factories and population to the city deeply changed the city life. Kuibyshev was the regionally governed city, but it performed many specific functions typical for the soviet capital city of Moscow. The circumstance gave occasion to call the city of Kuibyshev unofficially «alternate capital». The research task is to analyze the various aspects of the Kuibyshev city life in the wartime: to show the different interpretations of its status perception by the historians in 1941–1943; to specify the data concerning the specified All-Union people’s commissariats being on evacuation in the city of Kuibyshev and its quantitative composition; to raise the question of the final date of the acceptance of the «special objects» No. 1 (Stalin’s bunker) and No. 2 (for General Staff of the Red Army) of the Building of Metrostroi (Soviet subway construction company); to qualify the questions about the zoning of the city in the wartime; to cite new data about Bezymyanka district of the prewar time using comparative-historical, analytical and retrospective methods. The article introduces a new document material of the central archives of the Russian Federation into scientific discourse. It is proved that Kuibyshev was neither «alternate» nor «military» capital. It tasted the peak of its «capital city status» during 2–3 months while solving many issues of the All-Union scale and performing capital functions. The conclusion that the acceptance of the city services in the analyzed period was the rating of the city of Kuibyshev to the cities of republican subordination on 21st August 1943 is drawn.

The Role of Green Infrastructure in Providing Urban Ecosystem Services: Insights from a Bibliometric Perspective

Urban ecosystems, and the services they provide, are a key focus of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, specifically SDG 11, which emphasizes making cities inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. Green infrastructure (GI) is crucial in enhancing citizens’ quality of life and achieving this goal and it can be defined as a strategically planned network of natural and semi-natural areas designed to deliver a range of ecosystem services (ESs). These infrastructures improve ecosystem functioning, protect biodiversity, promote health, support sustainable land and water management, and boost the local green economy. This paper explores the scientific literature on GI and their ESs in cities using bibliometric science. By combining the keywords “Green Infrastructures”, “Ecosystem Services”, and “Cities” with VOSviewer software (1.6.20 version), we analyzed trends over time. Results show growing attention to these topics, emphasizing human well-being, urban resilience, and sustainability. The study also highlights that focusing exclusively on either “Green Infrastructure in Cities” or “Ecosystem Services in Cities” leads to fragmented insights. A more integrated examination of these three domains offers a holistic view and underscores the importance of considering ecosystem disservices. The study further identifies key research directions, including the need for a comprehensive evaluation of diverse GI types, especially those that are under-researched, such as green roofs, sports areas, and wetlands, and the underexplored role of cultural ecosystem services. Additionally, future research should consider both the benefits and disservices of GI to support better urban planning decisions. Finally, integrating biophysical, social, and economic values of ESs is critical for providing more holistic insights and enhancing sustainable urban development. The novelty of this paper lies in its integrated, holistic approach to examining GI and ESs in urban areas, with a focus on ecosystem disservices, insufficient attention to specific GI types, and the role of cultural ecosystem services—each contributing to the creation of more resilient and sustainable cities.

The responses of ecosystem services in coastal cities to urbanization in 30 years: A case study of Qingdao City, China

Coastal urban areas play a pivotal role in regional economic growth, yet they are also sensitive regions where the natural environment interacts with human activities. Rapid urbanization has led to ecological issues, such as the degradation of key ecosystem services (ESs) in coastal cities. Understanding the impact of urbanization on the supply and demand of ESs in coastal cities is crucial for ensuring the healthy and sustainable development of the socio-economy in these areas. This study takes the coastal city of Qingdao as a case study, with a focus on the supply and demand relationships of seven key ESs—carbon sequestration, food production, habitat quality, recreational capacity, soil retention, water yield and marine aquaculture—as well as their responses to population growth, economic development, and spatial expansion, which are three distinct aspects of urbanization. The findings indicate that: (I) From 1992 to 2022, the evolution of different ESs exhibited variability, all displaying notable spatial imbalances. (II) During this period, the urbanization process in Qingdao had a pronounced negative effect on the supply and demand of ESs. Spatial urbanization had the most significant impact on carbon sequestration, food production, habitat quality, water yield, and marine aquaculture, while population urbanization most notably affected recreational capacity. (III) The sensitivity of different types of ESs to population, economic, and spatial urbanization varies. Carbon sequestration, food production, recreational capacity, soil retention, water yield, and marine aquaculture were most sensitive to economic urbanization, whereas habitat quality was most sensitive to spatial urbanization. This research provides a basis for decision-making in the sustainable development and comprehensive management of coastal cities and their ecosystems.

Modeling the operational and labor costs of autonomous robotaxi services

Autonomous vehicle (AV) companies are rolling out driverless taxi-type services in cities around the world, promising to enhance road safety, promote equity, and foster environmental sustainability while simultaneously threatening the jobs of current taxi and ride-hailing drivers. The potential impacts of these “robotaxi” services hinge upon not only whether AV technology becomes sufficiently performant, but also whether AV services become economically competitive. In this study, we develop ground-up cost models for a traditional taxi and a robotaxi service to compare their relative competitiveness. We draw on direct observations of commercially available robotaxi services, semi-structured interviews with AV operational and regulatory experts (N = 27), and archival documents to include the most detailed accounting of frontline robotaxi labor roles to date. We find that labor remains a significant cost for existing robotaxi services but that robotaxi operating costs are still lower than those of traditional taxi services. Ultimately, utilization rates and annual mileage will serve as the most influential factors for robotaxi competitiveness. Finally, if jobs shift from traditional taxi to robotaxi services, the total number of frontline jobs could decrease by between 57% and 76%, but the distribution of worker wages would shift higher. Transportation planners, researchers, and policymakers should continue accounting for labor costs in an AV future, as these costs will influence where AV deployment and job losses are (and are not) likely to occur, and should proactively investigate alternative career paths for potentially displaced frontline workers. Robotaxi costs are highly sensitive to lower labor ratios (i.e., fewer vehicles per worker), but firms reach economies of scale relatively quickly. Robotaxi firms should weigh marginal labor cost reductions against impacts to passengers and workers.

Innovative Governance in Improving Excellent Services of Municipal Waterworks in Surabaya City

Municipal waterworks services in Surabaya City are considered inadequate and have caused many public complaints. To change this situation, innovation in government services is needed. The innovation provided must be in accordance with customer conditions and complaints. Municipal waterworks, which are regionally owned enterprises, are closely related to local governments; that is why governance innovation is needed. This study aims to describe innovative governance in Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Kota Surabaya. This study used the qualitative descriptive method. The subjects of this study were 5 Surabaya City people who were users of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya services and 3 employees of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya. The object of this study is the quality of services. Data collection techniques included interviews and documentation that is analyzed descriptively. Interviews were conducted about efficiency, effectiveness, conflict, orientation, and decision-making in providing services. The results obtained from this study show that Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City has carried out innovative governance consisting of digitalization of services and work systems. Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City uses the CIS (Customer Information System) application to make it easier for customers to report, pay, and register new installations. Innovative governance of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City has met eight indicators, namely, increased efficiency, improved effectiveness, improved service quality, no research conflicts, public interest orientation, carried out openly, fulfilled decision values, and accounted for the results. The human resources of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City are very competent but still experience obstacles in building communication with the community. The facilities and infrastructure of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City have met the standards, but additional transportation fleets are still required. Information technology of Municipal Waterworks Surya Sembada Surabaya City services has been maximized with the digitalization of services and work systems, but it is still constrained by applying for permits to local governments, which must be done manually and takes a long time. Keywords: service, innovative governance

A spatial analysis of mental health-related calls for service in Atlantic City, New Jersey

ABSTRACT Objective Police officers often find themselves responding to calls that do not involve criminal behavior, but calls related to individuals experiencing emotional distress or mental illness that requires police response. This research aims to identify high-risk places of mental health calls for service (MHCFS) in an urban setting and compare place features of these locations by police response (locations where a CIT-trained officer is dispatched versus a non-trained officer dispatched). Data/Methods Our research uses Atlantic City Police Department’s calls for service data from 1 January 2019 through 30 December 2022, including the incidents of mental incompetence with location components. After removing the calls that were not coded as mental health, a total of 2229 incidents involving perceived mental illness were geocoded and compared. We used RTMDx software to generate risk terrain models for MHCFS in Atlantic City, NJ. Findings The RTM analysis yielded no association between places of interest and MHCFS for calls involving non-CIT-trained officers. Yet, we identified five high-risk activity spaces of MHCFS where officers with CIT training were involved. Grocery stores (RRV = 2.873), places of leisure (RRV = 2.764), Health & Wellness Facilities (RRV = 2.624), Eateries & Restaurants (RRV = 2.547), and Convenience & Variety Stores (RRV = 2.280) are the risk factors identified by the RTM analysis. Given the characteristics of places identified by risk-terrain modeling, we reason that the characteristics of these places indicate that individuals experiencing perceived or actual mental health problems hang out in spaces with ease of access and in spaces where they can stay relatively longer with minimal attention. Conclusion Our research suggests that there is an association between spatial factors and MHCFS that are responded to by CIT-trained officers. City officials should consider deploying additional resources and mental health staff to these places to address the issue of mental health in urban settings. Future research should consider testing whether the places we identified in our analysis are also high-risk places for MHCFS in other urban environments.

Decoding Urban Intelligence: Clustering and Feature Importance in Smart Cities

The rapid urbanization trend underscores the need for effective management of city resources and services, making the concept of smart cities increasingly important. This study leverages the IMD Smart City Index (SCI) dataset to analyze and rank smart cities worldwide. Our research has a dual objective: first, we aim to apply a set of unsupervised learning models to cluster cities based on their smartness indices. Second, we aim to employ supervised learning models such as random forest, support vector machines (SVMs), and others to determine the importance of various features that contribute to a city’s smartness. Our findings reveal that while smart living was the most critical factor, with an importance of 0.259014. Smart mobility and smart environment also played significant roles, with the importance of 0.170147 and 0.163159, respectively, in determining a city’s smartness. While the clustering provides insights into the similarities and groupings among cities, the feature importance analysis elucidates the critical factors that drive these classifications. The integration of these two approaches aims to demonstrate that understanding the similarities between smart cities is of limited utility without a clear comprehension of the importance of the underlying features. This holistic approach provides a comprehensive understanding of what makes a city ’smart’ and offers a robust framework for policymakers to enhance urban living standards.

Assessing the impact of maker services in Barcelona and Milan towards the 15-minute city model through their accessibility

Re-organizing cities with proximity-based urban planning models such as the 15-Minute City model is an emerging and promising direction of policy, practice and research for sustainable cities. The planning of new urban spaces, infrastructures and mobilities requires planning and designing services that support citizens in their proximities. Along this direction, the emergence of the Maker Movement and its maker laboratories (Fab Labs, Makerspaces, Hackerspaces, DIYbio Labs, and so on) contributes to building the infrastructure for distributed design and manufacturing services in cities. How can we adopt the impact assessment of maker services in terms of potential accessibility for designing services towards the 15-Minute City model? We explore this issue within the context of the metropolitan areas of Barcelona and Milan by analysing 1) the 15-minute walking distance catchment areas of their maker service; 2) how to adopt this method for service design and impact assessment in the 15-Minute City model.

The Impact of Service Quality and Ease of Use on Customer Loyalty for BRILink in Pekanbaru City with Customer Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable

This research aims to determine the effect of service quality and ease of use on customer loyalty using BRILink services in Pekanbaru city with customer satisfaction as a mediating variable. The research population is customers at BRILink agents in Pekanbaru City who have made transactions more than once at the same outlet in Pekanbaru City, the number of which is unknown with a sample size of 120 respondents. Sampling used probability sampling techniques. Research data was collected using questionnaires. In terms of data analysis, this research used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis with Smart Partial Least Squares (SPLS) Version 3.0. The research results show that service quality and ease of use have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, service quality and ease of use have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty, customer satisfaction has a positive effect on customer loyalty, service quality and ease of use have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty which is mediated by customer satisfaction among BRILink users in the city of Pekanbaru.

Research on the Evaluation of an Age-Friendly Layout of Medical Service Facilities in Wuhan City Based on Accessibility

Accessibility is an important indicator for measuring the level of medical facility services in cities. Traditional studies on healthcare accessibility for the elderly have typically focused on the capabilities of emergency services while overlooking the daily independent healthcare needs of the elderly. Taking Wuhan City as an example, the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area method is used in this study to measure the accessibility of urban elderly residents with respect to general hospitals, specialized hospitals, and community health service centers. It also analyzes the appropriateness of the medical facility layout for the elderly in Wuhan City. The research findings indicate the following: (1) The accessibility evaluation method for urban medical facilities established with the Gaussian two-step floating catchment area model can accurately assess the supply–demand relationship between the elderly and various levels of medical facilities. (2) The overall coverage of medical service facilities in Wuhan City is relatively high, but there are significant differences in accessibility for elderly residents in different areas. (3) The appropriateness of daily healthcare access for elderly residents in the central urban areas of Wuhan City is mainly influenced by the layout of general hospitals, while, in the peripheral areas, it is mainly influenced by the layout of specialized hospitals and community health service centers. (4) Improving the appropriateness of urban medical facilities for elderly individuals requires differentiated improvement measures tailored to the characteristics of different zones.

Developing a Secure Service Ecosystem to Implement the Intelligent Edge Environment for Smart Cities

In the future, smart cities will provide key services including seamless communication, intelligent transport systems, advanced healthcare platforms, urban and infrastructure management, and digital services for local and regional government. Therefore, a new service and networking paradigm, called the Intelligent Edge Environment, has been specified. As a key part of this system, a new secure service ecosystem must be developed to provide the secure real-time movement of services on different High-Performance Edge Cloud Systems. This paper explores these issues by introducing the following mechanisms: a Resource Allocation Algorithm, a Resource Allocation Secure Protocol and finally a Secure Service Protocol. These systems were integrated into the Basic Capability System Library and a multithreaded FUSE client connected to the Service Management Framework. Docker was used as the migration mechanism. A prototype was developed and implemented using a FUSE-Network Memory System in which the Network Memory Server was migrated as users moved around. The result shows that this approach was safe and could be used to develop new applications and services for smart cities.

Survey of Multiple Destination Route Discovery Protocols

Route discovery protocols for multiple destination is one of the most interesting research topics since it is applied for real-world applications and needed in smart cities services such as: delivery services. The inclusion of artificial intelligence can improve the performance of multiple destination route discovery protocols. In this paper, we studied and analyzed multiple destination route discovery protocols based on different search strategies especially artificial intelligent methods. The survey compares between multiple destination route discovery protocols relate to its applications and implementation tools.

Migrant services and the reconfiguration of social reproduction as capital accumulation

Much of past feminist theorization of social reproduction has concentrated on the domestic sphere. However, in multiple domains such as education, childcare, elder care, health care, the delivery of goods, and migrant settlement, first the state and non-profit organizations and increasingly corporate profit-making service industries emerged as significant providers. In this transformed world of social reproduction, the initial query of feminist theorists about the relationship between social reproduction and capital accumulation must again be addressed. This return to a theorization of social reproduction in what is often considered the humanitarian sector of capitalist economies must encompass the labor of precarious workers and unpaid volunteers. Building on but going beyond the feminist debate about social reproduction, this paper explores the relationship between the public–private domain of service delivery and capital accumulation in migrants’ services. In so many instances, humanitarian activities in sectors such as migrant services have become the local face of a multiscalar migration industry. Through an exploration of the delivery of migrant services in a disempowered city in eastern Germany, the paper explicates the dynamics through which social reproduction activities are commoditized and are increasingly linked to locations and mechanisms of capital accumulation through the extraction of surplus value.

Business Models of Public Smart Services for Sustainable Development

The smart city concept has entered the public debate over the last decade as a concept for the development of urban space for the efficiency, improvement and availability of public and private services and sustainability. The Business Models Canvas is most often used in the literature for the creation of business models of smart services. On the basis of the above, we investigated whether the Business Models Canvas is the most used tool for creating business models for public smart services in Slovakia and whether cities and municipalities need to evaluate their models for the provision of public smart services. However, there is no commonly used methodology for evaluating smart city business models to help both practitioners and researchers choose the best option. The goal of the research is to create a tool for evaluating business models of public smart services in smart cities. The base method used was the Delphi method, based on the previous primary (content) analysis process of the Business Model Canvas best practices. In total, 709 towns and villages participated in the primary research. Subsequently, the obtained data were evaluated and used for further research using the Delphi method, in which 28 experts participated. The research was carried out between 2020 and 2023 in Slovakia. Primary research confirmed that the Business Models Canvas is the most used tool for creating business models for public smart services in Slovakia and cities and municipalities need to evaluate their models for the provision of public smart services. Areas and basic building blocks were also identified for the design of the evaluation methodology of business models for public smart services. The proposal of the methodology for evaluating business smodels for public smart services in Slovakia was implemented using the Delphi method with the cooperation of 28 experts. Based on the results of the Delphi method, a methodological procedure for evaluating business models for public smart services was established. The methodology proposed in the paper is a simple, organized, flexible and transparent system that facilitates the work of evaluators of business models of public smart services and marketing.