Ternopil City Research Articles

FUNCTIONAL FEATURES AND TYPOLOGY OF SUBURBAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPOL

Peculiarities of the timing of suburban (in relation to the city of Ternopil) territorial communities are considered. Such parameters as the area of suburban territorial communities were analyzed; peculiarities of the number, density and location of the population of communities; financial condition and capacity of communities, according to their incomes, expenses, transfers, location of industry, features of transport infrastructure. Attention is drawn to the main environmental problems of suburban communities, possible ways to overcome them, the availability and peculiarities of the use of recreational resources and the spread of recreational infrastructure are motivated. The functional structure and spatial arrangement of the territories of the nature reserve fund were analyzed. The problems of the development of territorial communities at the present stage are becoming particularly urgent. Important aspects of development are ensuring coherence of economic, social and environmental vectors, taking into account the potential of local resources, as well as additional favorable factors, such as investments, logistics and infrastructure. Within territorial communities, an inventory of the resource base is carried out, investment passports are created, development strategies are developed, existing problems are analyzed and ways to solve them are substantiated. Solving these complex tasks requires a high level of professional training of management personnel and effective monitoring of development processes. The authors have published a series of articles devoted to the analysis of the potential of natural resources, problems of environmental development management, unbalanced land use and other aspects. The choice of suburban territorial communities of the city of Ternopil is due to their belonging to the former Ternopil district (according to the old administrative and territorial system) and their location around the regional center. What determines the specificity of the structure of agriculture, the location of the population, industry, transport infrastructure, environmental conditions, etc. The adoption of the state regional development strategy for 2021-2027 is the main legal document aimed at strategic planning of effective development, including territorial communities. The main methodological approaches are the strategy of sustainable development, the concept of balanced ecological-social-economic development and the principles of the system approach. The suburban territorial communities of Ternopil include: Biletska, Baikovetska, Velikobirkivska, Velikogaivska, Velikoberezovytska and Pidhorodnyanska territorial communities. Recreational resources in the studied communities are represented mainly by forest areas and a pond network, which is often equipped with the necessary infrastructure. Historical and architectural resources are represented by a network of ancient churches, cultivated springs, etc. Separately, we can recall the arched railway bridge in the village. Butsniv at the end of the 19th century. A much better developed tourist infrastructure is represented by recreation centers, numerous hotels, and catering establishments. The general ecological state of the main components of the natural environment shows an increase in the degree of environmental pollution. Areas of excessive pollution are observed around industrial centers, large industrial facilities, landfills, radiation-contaminated territories, where various types of pollution are deposited and along hydraulic networks, highways and railways, which affects the natural living conditions of the population. The conducted research showed that suburban territorial communities have an unsatisfactory land use structure. The population of the communities is prone to pendulum migrations, due to better employment opportunities and a greater number of various services in the regional center. Within the studied communities, it is necessary to optimize the structure of land use, increase the area under natural lands, carry out measures to replant and afforest unproductive and eroded agricultural lands. Plant forests to create a full-fledged integrated green zone of the city of Ternopil, which will perform important recreational and ecological stabilization functions. The conducted analysis demonstrates a significant inhibition of the ecological vector of sustainable development. We see a perspective in the development of geoecological projects, environmental measures in schools, organizations and institutions, communities. It is necessary to create new and expand existing nature reserves. In general, optimization measures aimed at improving the ecological condition of the territory and the quality of life of the population should be carried out. The results of the study can be useful to the administrations of suburban territorial communities for the implementation of optimization measures of various levels and directions. Key words: territorial community, financial capacity, infrastructure, ecological condition, nature reserve fund.

Coagulation profile in hospitalized children with COVID-19: pediatric age dependency and its impact on long COVID development.

Pulmonary endotheliopathy and microvascular immunothrombosis play a key role in acute COVID-19. Moreover, persistent endotheliopathy and heightened coagulability frequently occur in individuals recovering from COVID-19, suggesting the intriguing possibility of their role in the development of long COVID. The aim of our study was to investigate the coagulation profile in patients with COVID-19 based on age and their role in the development of long COVID. We conducted a prospective single-center cohort study from September 2022 to August 2023. The study involved 190 patients younger than 18 years who were hospitalized at the Ternopil City Children's Hospital, Ukraine due to COVID-19. Patients underwent determination of coagulation profile in addition to the general clinical examination. After discharge from the hospital, patients were monitored for the presence of long COVID symptoms. Among the 157 participants who consented for follow-up, 62 patients (39.5%) had long COVID symptoms according to the WHO definition, while the rest (95 patients) did not have symptoms of long COVID (fully recovered). The study revealed the normal count of platelets in the majority of patients (86.8%), whereas abnormalities in the coagulation profile were revealed in 94.5% of children with COVID-19, and these changes were age-dependent. The patients were mostly presented with increased activated partial thromboplastin time (69.1%), prothrombin time (PT) (39.8%) and D-dimer (45.0%). There was no significant difference between the median of platelet levels and coagulation profile indicators between the groups with long COVID and recovered. Among children who developed persistent long COVID symptoms there was a statistically higher percentage of abnormal PT values (53% versus 36.1%, p=0.0432), with no significant differences in other coagulation profile indicators. Abnormal PT along with female gender, comorbidities, especially allergic pathology, nutritional disorder, including obesity, were determined as potential risk factors of the long COVID development (Odds ratio - 2.0611; 95% 1.0179-4.1737, p=0.0445). The study highlights the need for more extensive research into the coagulation profiles of pediatric populations, considering age-specific factors. This could enhance our understanding of thromboinflammation in COVID-19 and its potential contribution to the development of persistent symptoms.

Study of traffic safety on the street and road network of Ternopil

The road safety issues in the city of Ternopil are studied in this article. The found actual deficiencies were structured according to the main indicators. Based on the analysis of the movement of traffic flows in the morning period, the most problematic sections of the SRN (street and road network) were identified. In general, the speed of traffic flows along the SRN in the evening peak period was found significantly lower than in the morning peak period. To analyze road traffic safety in the city of Ternopil, a cartographic method was applied. Based the obtained results, the road accidents in Ternopil mostly occur along main streets without clearly defined places of concentration. In this regard, a conditional indicator of the danger of transport corridors of Ternopil was derived, which allows analyzing the predominant location (clustering) of road accidents with victims in each district of the city. The current policy and practices of Ternopil in the field of road safety management need improvement. However, the volume of performed measures does not fully cover the need in traffic safety insurance and information provision of traffic participants. In general, it can be stated that proactive actions in the field of ensuring traffic safety are just starting in Ternopil (“starting city”). Thus, it differs favorably from the vast majority of other regional centers, in which the problem of traffic safety has not been even discussed so far. In addition, the plan for sustainable urban mobility is under consideration in the Ternopil City Territorial Community.

Соціальні та економічні параметри формування плану сталої міської мобільності Тернопільської міської територіальної громади

The process of urbanization promotes an increase in the population density of territories, which has significant consequences for the formation of the living environment of residents of cities and nearby settlements, and is an important factor in the socio-economic development of society. At the same time, the growth of population concentration in cities leads to a rapid increase in the need for movement and an increase in the number of vehicles. Facing the choice of strategic directions for the development of settlements, which would allow overcoming the existing challenges of transportation. The article is devoted to the analysis of the social and economic parameters of the formation of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SMM) of the Ternopil urban territorial community. The study examines key aspects of community development, including demographic trends, employment rates, economic performance and social infrastructure. A forecast of the development of the economic complex of the Ternopil MTG was made separately for the city of Ternopil and villages. According to the current urban planning documentation of the Ternopil MTG, the main directions of development of the community's economic complex and prospects for the distribution of the working-age population by types of economic activity were determined. The distribution of the population of Ternopil MTG by age and gender was analyzed. The main challenges and opportunities facing the community are identified, and strategic approaches to improving the quality of life of residents and increasing the community's competitiveness at the regional level are proposed. The measures proposed within the framework of PSMM are aimed not only at the development of infrastructural support of the community's transport system, but also at the organization of the use of urban space in accordance with the mobility needs of all population groups, improving the quality of data collection necessary for analysis, capacity development and promotion of sustainable modes of movement.

The research of the transport infrastructure development in Ternopil

The article is devoted to the problem of studying the state of transport infrastructure of the city of Ternopil in order to further develop a plan for sustainable urban mobility for territorial community of Ternopil city. To satisfy the existing needs of passengers in high-quality transport service, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient number of buses with large and medium passenger capacities. However, according to the principles of sustainable urban mobility, exploitation of the new “green” electric vehicles should be the priority for the modern transport policy of the community. Currently, the most problematic situation with insufficient parking spaces can be observed in the central part of Ternopil. In particular, the city is experiencing such situation due to the growing level of motorization of residents of Ternopil territorial community and, accordingly, the growing demand for the use of individual transport. To solve the current problem, various sources of financing, such as the city budget, the state budget, investments, loans, funds of individuals and legal entities are attracted. Despite this, the implementation of measures still largely depends on the local budget. Analysis of the allocation and development of fundings showed that there has been a prolonged underfinancing of works related to the transport infrastructure of Ternopil. An analysis of the actual indicators of the development of financial resources that have been allocated from the local budget to improve the state of SN for 2020 showed that they did not reach the planned values by 36.4%. Also, in 2020, according to the local budget, it was planned to finance the Program for the development of bicycle infrastructure of the city. The amount of financing was meant to be 2000.0 thousand UAH. However, in fact, no investments were actually made.

INDEX ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN PATIENTS WITH GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

Introduction. Significant prevalence of periodontal diseases, tendency to progress with the subsequent loss of teeth, onset at a young age, decrease in the quality of life of patients and significant financial costs determine the relevance of this medical and social problem. The problem of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is being increasingly paid attention by researchers and doctors due to the high prevalence and variety of its clinical manifestations. One of the atypical (extraordinary) syndromes of gastroesophageal reflux disease is dental. The purpose of the research was to assess the condition of periodontal tissues in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Materials and methods. For the study, 65 patients with GERD were selected who had been hospitalized to the gastroenterology department of Ternopil City Hospital No. 2. In total, the sample included 34 (52.31 %) men and 31 (47.69 %) women. To identify inflammatory changes in the gum mucosa, the papillary-marginal-alveolar index (PMA) and the complex periodontal index (CPI) according to P.O. Leus (1989) were used. Statistical processing of the data obtained during the study was carried out using the licensed Microsoft Excel 2016 and Statsoft Statistica 12 statistical analysis packages. Results. As a result of our study, we found that only 18.5 % of patients suffering from GERD had clinically healthy gums. 9.2 % of patients showed signs of mild gingivitis (PMA index values were within 20 %). According to the RMA index, 33.8 % of patients in the main group were diagnosed with moderate gingivitis (values ranged from 25–50 %). In 38.5 %, manifestations of severe gingivitis were visualized (the PMA index value was more than 51 %). We have found that in patients with GERD, the manifestations of inflammatory phenomena in periodontal tissues increase with age and their severity increases. According to the data obtained when determining the CPI index, 11.2 % of patients with erosive lesions of the esophagus were diagnosed with moderate periodontal tissue damage (CPI value was (2.9 ± 0.1)). In 44.4 % of patients with the erosive form of GERD, mild periodontal tissue damage was visualized (CPI = (1.6 ± 0.1)). All patients with periodontitis secondary to erosive GERD were elderly (45–59 years, according to WHO). Only 44.4 % of patients with the erosive form of GERD and 100.0 % of patients with non-erosive GERD had no inflammation of periodontal tissue (the average CPI value did not exceed 1.0). Conclusions. Based on the studies described above, we can come to the conclusion that inflammatory processes in the tissues of the periodontal complex and oral mucosa in patients suffering from gastroesophageal reflux disease are interconnected processes that aggravate each other.

Identification of the social economic and environmental context of the concept of city sustainability, based on the example of Ternopil, Ukraine

The main intent of the study is to investigate the conceptual framework of sustainability associated with the social, economic, and environmental context of the city of Ternopil, Ukraine. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and MetaAnalyses have been used to better understand the conceptual threshold area of sustainability. Geospatial approaches are used to measure the city’s sustainability. The results indicate that Ternopil city’s socio-economic context moderately supports sustainability, while the environmental context is less supportive. The study found that the city’s economic growth and development have caused environmental degradation, leading to the loss of biodiversity and natural resources. However, the study revealed that the city is adopting sustainable practices. The city’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) have been analysed in light of sustainability. The study recommends that policymakers and stakeholders in Ternopil City should prioritise sustainable development practices, such as implementing public transport and promoting sustainable urban planning. Overall, the study provides insights into the relationship between socioeconomic and environmental factors and sustainability in Ternopil City and highlights the need for sustainable development practices to ensure a sustainable future for the city.

RESULTS REGARDING SEASONAL ACTIVITY, TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS OF THE EXISTENCE OF IXODUS TICKS AND THEIR ROLE AS TRANSMITTERS OF LYME DISEASE

SUMMARY. Over the last 10 years, some countries in Europe have been troubled by the spread of infectious agents that are transmitted by ixodes ticks. Lyme disease is the most frequent ixodes tick-borne human disease in the world, with an estimated 85.500 patients annually.
 The aim – to analyze the relationships between Lyme disease appearance and Ixodes tick bites number, air temperature, and their role in the transmission of Lyme disease.
 Material and Methods. 798 ticks of Ixodes Ricinus were investigated. All ticks of the first type were found mainly in the city of Ternopil and Ternopil region, as well as some ticks were brought from Lviv, Ivano-Frankivsk and Rivne regions. The study was carried out using optical and electronic system SEO-IMAGLAB. Investigation of epidemiological state was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using amplifier method “ROTOR Gene-6000” in real time.
 Results. Our studies showed, that about 30 % of ticks removed from humans are carriers of pathogens. Females of ticks are more carriers of Borrelia Burgdorferi, and the nymphs are carriers of Anaplasma phagocytophilium and Borrelia Miyamotoi. Larvae can be human ectoparasites and tolerate all three pathogens of infectious diseases. Including a complex carrying, that is the simultaneosus transfer of pathogens of the two diseases. Taking into consideration the dynamics of the frequency of infection with ticks of Ixodes ricinus, were observed an increase number of females and nymphs that are carries of pathogens in the period of May-July, and then, decrease the frequency of their infection in August-October. Obviously, the main cause of these fluctuations is the temperature regime, which changes in the spring-summer-autumn periods. Thus, the average temperature in May-June was 18–23 °C, in July-August – 25–27°C, in September-October – 20–15°C. At a temperature of 10–12°C, the number of patients affected by ticks decreased. As a result of studies on the influence of seasonal changes on the degree of infection with ticks of Ixodes ricinus by pathogens of infectious diseases, it`s direct dependence on the temperature regime: at a temperature of about 18–15°C, the degree of infection in the nymph is 14%, and in females – 22 %, while at 25–28°C in the nymph this figure is 37 %, and in females – 72 %.
 Conclusions. Geographic and seasonal distribution of Lyme borreliosis, patient`s age, sex, and profession has disease-related effects on incidence.

SARS-COV-2 AND HYPERCOAGULATION IN PREGNANT WOMEN

The global pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has created unprecedented medical and social problems. The virus has the ability to induce a prothrombotic state, which in certain cases has led to severe thrombotic complications. Scientists all over the world were faced with the task of studying in detail the coagulation capacity of blood plasma and the procoagulant role of platelets in the development of pathogenic mechanisms of endothelial damage, major vascular thrombosis and systemic microangiopathies. These studies will be useful for clinicians to improve pathogenetic- based treatment schemes for this disease and to prevent serious complications. The aim of the study was to determine the eff ect of the SARS-CoV-2 virus on some parameters of the blood coagulation system in pregnant women with post-covid syndrome.Method and materials. From November 2020 to January 2022, we conducted a prospective cohort study of 50 pregnant women (main group) with SARS-CoV-2 confi rmed by the polymerase chain reaction method. The control group consisted of 25 women with physiological pregnancy who were undergoing inpatient treatment at the communal non-profi t enterprise «Ternopil City Communal Hospital No. 2». The conduct of this study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ternopil National Medical University named after I. Gorbachevsky – protocol No. 61 dated November 13, 2020. Pregnant women were examined between 30 and 34 weeks of gestation. In the selected blood samples, the number of platelets, coagulogram indicators: international normalized ratio, prothrombin and thrombin time, prothrombin index, activated partial thromboplastin time, fi brinogen and D-dimer levels were studied. The studies were performed on a Coag Chrom 3003 analyzer. Microsoft Excel and Statistica-10 software were used for statistical analysis. The study was conducted within the framework of the National Development Program «Improvement of diagnosis and treatment of pregnant women with a burdened somatic history» of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education, TernopilNational Medical University named after I. Ya. Gorbachevsky, state registration number N 0121U100153, performance period 2021-2023).Results. A signifi cant decrease in the absolute platelet count to less than 100,000/μL was observed in 5 % of the pregnant women in the main group, and in 70 % of the patients in this group, the platelet count was less than 150,000/μL, and only 25 % of the pregnant women in this group had platelet counts within the normal range. In the control group, only 16 % of the platelets were in the 150-180 range, and 84 % of the pregnant women in this group had platelet counts within the normal range. Prothrombin time indicators were slightly longer in patients with COVID-19 (15.6 s; 14.4-16.3) compared with the control group (13.6 s; 13.0-14.3), (Р>0.05). In pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2, the concentration of fi brinogen was 1.63 times higher than in the control group (P<0.05). The indicators of activated partial thromboplastin time and international normalized ratio were longer in the group of patients with COVID-19 compared with the control group, although the diff erence was not statistically signifi cant (P>0.05). A signifi cant (P<0.05) acceleration of the thrombin time was observed in 82 % of the pregnant women in the main group compared to the control group. An increase in D-dimer concentration was the most signifi cant abnormality. Thus, when evaluating the indicators of laboratory studies of the main parameters of hemostasis in 26 % of patients with COVID-19, D-dimer increased fi ve times, and in 20 % it was 8-10 times more than in healthy pregnant women. Thus, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has a negative eff ect on the main indicators of both theprocoagulant and anticoagulant systems of homeostasis. And these changes are particularly dangerous for pregnant women, because micro- and macrothrombosis of the placenta and umbilical cord lead to life-threatening conditions for the fetus. The SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to hypercoagulation in the homeostatic system of pregnant women compared to control women who were not infected with the coronavirus. Conclusion: Thus, the results of our research allow us to pathogenetically justify the need for long-term use of anticoagulant therapy in pregnant women with post- CoV syndrome.

Intelligent information system of the city's socio-economic infrastructure

Urban development is an important problem that can be solved with the help of intelligent information systems. Such systems ensure efficient management of the city’s diverse infrastructure. The researchers developed a concept of such an information system based on a conceptual model and using data flow for intelligent decision-making. The system was tested for 1460 days in the city of Ternopil. The modelling results showed that the city’s central area is stable, with 50% of enterprises in the “growing” state and 70% of people in the “satisfactory” state. People often move to the northeastern and western zones due to higher levels of comfort and more affordable housing. However, the total distance of car trips has increased by 249%, negatively impacting the environment. The condition of enterprises in other zones is less stable with lower “growth” indicators, but there are zones with “stable” and “satisfactory” conditions.

GEOSPATIAL STRUCTURE OF PILGRIMAGE ROUTES IN TERNOPIL REGION

The article considers the postulate that the tourist is a resource (monetary), and then the main mission of territorial communities is to attract him to their development, using various methods. Combining the principle of tourist attraction, infrastructure, and hospitality on the one hand and attracting new resources (capital investments) is a prerequisite for long-term planning. Therefore, the question of strategic management in the development of tourism arises.
 Pilgrimage tourism faced new challenges related to Russia's aggression (war) against Ukraine, which led to the emergence of an even greater desire of believers to pray together for soldiers, for the success of military operations, as well as spiritual self-purification and become a real Christian, not just a practicing one.
 Within Ternopil region, 3 pilgrimage districts are clearly visible, namely Northern, Central, and Southern.
 Northern district, the routes of which run through the territory of the Kremetskyi administrative district. It covers the district center and 14 pilgrimage sites, of which only five sights are the most visited (Pochaiv city, Vyshnievets village, Mali Zagaytsi village, Stary Pochaiv village, Velyki Berezhtsi village, Lishnya village) . The total number of sacred objects of pilgrimage is 19.2% of the indicator in the Ternopil region. However, in terms of value, they are probably on a par with other regions. The central object of pilgrimage here is the city of Pochaiv.
 Central district routes, which run through the territory of the Ternopil administrative district. It covers the regional and at the same time district center and 36 pilgrimage sites, of which only 11 are the most visited, located in (the village of Zarvanytsia, the city of Ternopil, the village of Kolodiivka, the village of Krasnopuscha, the village of Skoriki, the village of Zadrist) . The central object of pilgrimage here is the village. Zarvanytsia
 This area has the largest number of sacred objects (36, which is 49.3% of all in the region) and the centers of diocesan denominations operate. In Ternopil, this is primarily the Cathedral of the Nativity of Christ (the center of the Ternopil-Buchatka Diocese of the OCU), the Cathedral of Saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Constantine and Elena (the center of the Ternopil Eparchy of the OCU); the Cathedral of Faith, Hope, Love and their Matter Sophia (the center of the Ternopil Diocese of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church (MP); the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of the Holy Mother of God (the center of the Ternopil-Zboriv Metropolitanate, which includes the Ternopil-Zboriv Archdiocese), etc.
 Routes of the southern district, which run through the territory of the Chortkiv administrative district. It covers the district center and 23 pilgrimage sites, of which only 3 are the most visited, located in (the village of Yazlivets, the village of Ulashkivtsi, the village of Savelyvka). The central object of pilgrimage here is the village. Yazlivets miraculous figure of the Mother of God (copy).
 In this area there is a large number of sacred objects (23, which is 31.5% of all in the region) and there are centers of diocesan denominations.
 Ternopil-Terebovlyan Eparchy of the OCU and Buchach Greek-Catholic Eparchy, which is part of the Ternopil-Zboriv Metropolitanate.
 The isolated geospatial structure of pilgrimage routes and its detailed characteristics show, however, that there is a certain delay in the response of both state and church structures, which do not take into account the change in regional determinants of economic growth.
 Key words: pilgrimage, pilgrimage tourism, pilgrimage routes.

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

GEOSPATIAL ASPECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF TERNOPIL REGION

THE PROBLEM OF PERSONNEL SUPPLY OF THE WESTERN REGION OF UKRAINE WITH EMPLOYEES OF WORKING PROFESSIONS IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

The paper considers modernization of the construction industry to be a priority aspect of the future development of Ukraine and outlines the importance of the quality and competitiveness of products ensured by training of construction specialists. The article analyses scientific research, which indicated the need to improve the construction students' training. Special attention in the article is paid to the vocational (and technical) colleges, which in today's realities remain the leading establishments for training future skilled workers. It has been determined that vocational and technical education institutions in the western region of Ukraine (Ternopil, Volyn, Zakarpattia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv, Rivne, Khmelnytskyi, and Chernivtsi regions) are distinguished by a wide range of professions, including construction and welding, which are typical for any locality. A total of 345 vocational and technical education institutions are registered in the region. It has been established that the training of qualified construction workers and welders is carried out in 139 vocational (and technical) colleges (40,3 %) in the western region of Ukraine, where builders are trained in 110 (31,9 %) institutions and welders in 89 (25,8 %). In 73 institutions (21,2 %), both builders and welders are trained simultaneously. In terms of the number of vocational (and technical) colleges, Ternopil region ranks 4th having 16 institutions for training builders and welders (42,1 % of the number of registered ones). The number of future construction workers and welders in the region has been determined. It varies from 4,684 students in the Lviv region to 854 in the Chernivtsi region. In general, the region shows an almost equal distribution of learners in the professions of a builder (8114 individuals) and welder (8491 individuals). 1,747 students are studying in Ternopil region institutions; the total number of the specified qualifications’ students is 16,405. In the educational institutions of Ternopil region, there are 1747 future construction workers and welders, and in the educational institutions of Ternopil city, there are 599 students. From the prospects of continuity, the emphasis is placed on using the student potential of vocational (and technical) colleges as future higher education applicants.

УРБАНОНІМІЯ МІСТА ТЕРНОПОЛЯ: СОЦІО- ТА ЕКОЛІНГВІСТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТИ (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ ПРОЦЕСІВ УПОРЯДКУВАННЯ НАЗВ У 2022 РОЦІ)

The article examines the processes of renaming the names of streets, lanes, boulevards, and parks in the city of Ternopil in 2022. The changes and ordering of the names were caused by sociolinguistic and ecolinguistic needs and aimed at removing from the modern urbanonomicon names that were of Soviet or Russian origin, did not meet language norms, or needed to be standardized. Modern linguistic trends (sociolinguistics and ecolinguistics) in the toponymicon of Ukraine analyze linguistic violations by the state authorities in the process of naming, help to normalize and improve the sphere of naming, etc. The analyzed renamings are part of the second wave of name changes and took place against the backdrop of russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine. The events of early 2022 have accelerated the processes of de-Sovietization and de-Russification, or completed them in the territories where these processes began in the late twentieth century. The principles of renaming and the names that, while conveying communist and Russian realities, did not correspond to the onomastic tradition of the Ukrainian nation are identified. The names in the urbanonomicon of Ternopil that required normalization in order to bring them in line with reliable historical facts are identified. The principles of ordering the names and developing common criteria for naming the streets of Ternopil are indicated. The prospects for development are outlined and the need for further changes in the modern urban onomasticon of the city is indicated, and the names that still need to be renamed for the development of a “healthy” Ukrainian onomasticon on the basis of the original traditional principles of Ukrainian proper noun nomination are identified.

TRADITION AND MODERNISM IN THE SACRED ART OF IGOR ZILINKO

The article explores the directions of contemporary Ukrainian sacral art in the work of the painter I. Zilinkо, his contribution to the development of sacred art of the temples of Ternopil region. The main directions of stylistic orientation in the formation of modern sacral art, the evolution of paintings from realistic tendencies of Ukrainian sacral painting of the seventeenth century to experiments with stylization of iconic figures in search of greater spirituality of the face, the introduction of our own modern iconography, based on tradition. The article explores the directions of contemporary Ukrainian sacral art in the work of the painter I. Zilinkо, his contribution to the development of sacred art of the temples of Ternopil region. Sacred art is the object of study of many scientists, historians, archivists, art historians, local historians, journalists. Among them, in particular, D. Stepovyk, M. Golubets, K. Moskalets, V. Sventsitska. However, the issue of the development of the modern sacred art of Ternopil region (1990–2018) requires additional study. The purpose of the article is to highlight the main directions in the work of Igor Zilinka, to specify the formation of the sacral and artistic environment of the churches of the city of Ternopil, to study the temples with modern interiors, to analyze the observance of traditions in icon painting and the search for modern aesthetic forms. After the revival of the Ukrainian Church, the construction of new temples began. The construction of churches led to the search for masters who could carry out their interior decoration. Famous Ternopil painter Igor Zilinko has become a “sacred” artist who has been successfully working in this field for many years. One of the first works of Igor Ivanovich was the decoration of the church of the Sacred Heart of Christ in the village of Veluky Gai, Ternopil district (1920). The murals of the church are classic paintings that date back to the works of the famous master of Ukrainian icon painting of the seventeenth century Ivan Rutkovych. It is the only church that reflects the realistic trends of Ukrainian sacral painting of the seventeenth century. Here the traditions of folk art are combined with creative bold search for new content and form. Next was the work on painting the temples in the villages of Petrykiv, Pronyatin, Kupchintsy, in the Ternopil region. On the initiative of Fr. Pavel Repely, the parish priest of the church of the village of Petrykiv, the painter was oriented to the heritage of Byzantine-Ukrainian icon painting. It is the first church in the Ternopil region that depicts the Eastern traditions of icon painting. Igor Zilіnko later managed to form his own style in the contemporary Ukrainian icon, following the Byzantine iconographic tradition. Particularly noteworthy is the iconostasis created by Igor Ivanovich for the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael in Ternopil in 2007. The artist very responsibly approached the choice of plots, taking as a basis the traditional composition of Ukrainian iconostases. The author has preserved the foundations of Ukrainian church traditions and has reflected the saints of the Ukrainian Church. An interesting development in the decoration of the spatial environment of the temple is the Church of St. Sophia of the Wisdom of God in Ternopil. For the decoration of the church, the parish priest Fr. dr. Vitaliy Kozak invited the already known master of sacral painting Igor Ivanovich Zilinko, who at that time developed his own iconographic style. The figures of the saints are exaggerated, unnatural in height, reflecting the idea of an invisible celestial world, without a realistic image. Creativity of Igor Zilinko is one of the most striking pages of contemporary Ukrainian art culture, evokes joyful aesthetic experiences, encourages contemporaries to creative pursuits to create monumental images that combine tradition with the actual spiritual needs of modern society.

Дослідження безпеки дорожнього руху у м. Тернополі

The article is devoted to the problem of researching road safety issues in the city of Ternopil with the structuring of established actual deficiencies according to the main indicators. As a result of the analysis of traffic flows in the morning period, the most problematic sections of the street and road network were identified. In general, it is observed that in the evening peak period, the speed of traffic flows on the street and road network is significantly lower than in the morning peak period. In order to analyze road traffic safety in the city of Ternopil, a cartographic method was used, which involves superimposing on the map data arrays regarding traffic accident statistics for 2018-2020. This approach makes it possible to determine the places of concentration of road accidents, however, during the analysis, it was found that road accidents in Ternopil mostly occur along the main streets without clearly defined places of concentration. In this regard, a conditional indicator of the danger of transport corridors of Ternopil was derived, which is determined by the ratio of the number of road accidents with victims to the total length of the street, which also allows analyzing the predominant location (clustering) of road accidents with victims in each district of the city. The current policy and practices of Ternopil in the field of road safety management need improvement. In the city, repair work is regularly carried out to maintain the roadway and technical equipment in proper condition, but the quality and volume of the work performed do not fully cover the need to ensure traffic safety and provide information to road users. In general, it can be stated that Ternopil is a city that is just starting proactive actions in the field of traffic safety ("starting city"). In this, it favorably differs from the vast majority of other regional centers, in which the problem of traffic safety is not even discussed so far, and consideration of this issue in terms of sustainable urban mobility of the Ternopil urban territorial community.

Підвищення ефективності функціонування нерегульованого перехрестя з круговим рухом

The analysis and empirical studies of conditional and unconditional parameters of the traffic model at an unregulated intersection with circular traffic in the city of Ternopil were conducted. The intersection "Zbarazke ring" in the city of Ternopil is an unregulated intersection with a circular traffic pattern and is located at the intersection of Stepan Bandera avenue, April 15 street, T. Protasevich street and Pidvolochyskyi highway. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed solutions, simulation models of the intersection "Zbarazke ring" with the existing and proposed traffic management system were created. The conducted traffic modeling using multi-parameter models made it possible to take into account various options for road infrastructure, restrictions and traffic parameters, which made it possible to justify optimal decisions regarding the improvement of the organization of traffic at the object of study. Five variants of traffic organization at the intersection with circular traffic are proposed, the best of them is modeled, analyzed and substantiated, and ways to improve the quality of functioning of this section of the street-road network are proposed. According to the results of the simulation modeling of the intersection "Zbarazke ring", the implementation of the proposed measures will lead to the following improvements compared to the existing traffic conditions at the intersection: the average speed of vehicles will increase by 30%; the average delay time will decrease by 28%; the average number of road transport stops will decrease by 21%; the average time spent in traffic jams will decrease by 50%.

RESULTS OF THE STUDY OF IXODES RICINUS TICKS COLLECTED IN RECREATIONAL AREAS OF TERNOPIL (UKRAINE) DURING 2017-2022

The aim of this work is to summarize the results of laboratory studies of Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in recreational areas of Ternopil (Ukraine) and compare them with similar results of studies by a number of European researchers who studied ticks in suburban areas of large European cities, such as Warsaw, Prague, Bonn, Helsinki, etc. Ticks were collected using a "flag" (a 1m x 1m white cloth dragged across the grass), manually removed from plants and clothes of people walking in parks and finding these arthropods. The ticks were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the ROTOR Gene 6000 amplifier, which helped to determine the composition of pathogens that ticks can carry. The pathogens themselves were identified using several test systems, namely: "DNA A. phagocytophilum / DNA E. muris / DNA E. chaffeensis"; "DNA B. burgdorferi s. l."; "DNA B. myamotoi"; "DNA Babesia species"; "RNA Ticks borne of encephalitis viruses" (manufactured by MolGen (Italy)), which allow real-time detection on the ROTOR Gene 6000 amplifier. During 2017-2022, ticks were collected in parks and squares in Ternopil. They were examined in the laboratory of the Center for the Study of Ticks and Tick-Borne Infections of the Ternopil Gorbachevsky National Medical University using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the ROTOR Gene 6000 amplifier. From 2017 to 2022, 881 ticks were subjected to PCR testing. It was found that 257 individuals, or 29.17% of the total number of ticks tested, were carriers of infectious diseases, of which 117 specimens, or 13.28%, were carriers of B. burgdorferi sl., B. miyamotoi - 5 specimens, or 0.57%, A. phagocytophilum - 97 specimens, or 11.01%. Among the infected ticks there were carriers of 2 pathogens simultaneously. In particular, 32 individuals were vectors of B. burgdorferi + A. phagocytophilum, which amounted to 3.63%, B. burgdorferi sl. + B. miyamotoi - 3 specimens, or 0.34%, B. miyamotoi + A. phagocytophilum - 2 specimens, which corresponded to 0.23%. We also found 1 tick carrying three pathogens simultaneously: B. burgdorferi + B. miyamotoi + A. phagocytophilum. The analysis of the results obtained regarding the distribution of pathogens of the B. burgdorferi sl. in ticks collected within the city of Ternopil showed that our results practically correlate with the results of European researchers. The percentage of infected ticks in our results ranged from 13.28 % (minimum 7.69 % and maximum 33.33 %), and in some European cities it ranged from 13.2 - 38.5 % in Prague to 19-55 % in Helsinki, with intermediate results in Olsztyn (Poland) - 27.4 %, in Bratislava - 13.2 %, in Switzerland - 18 % (average of 18 large cities). These figures largely depended on the stages of tick development and environmental conditions in different years.

ARCHITEKCI ZAMKU W MIĘDZYBOŻU W OSTATNIEJ POŁOWIE XVI WIEKU JAN BĄK I KRZYSZTOF BODZAN. ŹRÓDŁA PRZECIWKO MITOM

This article informs for the first time that in the second half of the 16th century, a citizen of the city of Ternopil, Jan Bąk (“Jan Bonk” in English transcription), was employed by Mikołaj Sieniawski as the architect of Medzhybizh Castle (now in Khmelnytskyi region, Ukraine). The notice of this fact was found by the author in the first volume of the manuscript “Płac prawnych prac” (“A place for legal searches” – from Polish). This manuscript was written by Shymon Jerzy Cerenowicz in 1753-1755 as a result of his research in the archives of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, at the request of Prince August Aleksander Czartoryski. The “Płac prawnych prac” manuscript contains a lot of important information about events in the Podole Voivodeship in the 15th-18th centuries. One of the new facts is the following text (author's translation from Polish): “The Legislator of Medzhybizh, Mikołaj Sieniawski the Great, when he was alive, signed a contract with Jan Bąk, a Ternopil citizen and architect. This contract obliged to finish the construction of walls, build a bastion, etc. in Medzhybizh Castle. While the construction of the castle continued, Mikołaj Sieniawski died in Lublin during the Sejm. Therefore, this architect urgently registered the contract in the Сity court of Terebovlya, in 1569 on the eighth day after the Solemnity of the Most Holy Body of the Lord”. From this text, we learn for the first time about the previously unknown name of the architect Jan Bąk and about some of his works in Medzhybizh Castle. The author of the article notes that Christophus Bozzano “incola Russiae” also known as Krzysztof Bodzan was probably the next architect in Medzhybizh castle (according to V. Aleksandrovich). However, the widespread statements about Hiob (Job) Bretfus, Ambrogio Guagnini, Peter from Rome as the architects of the Medzhybizh Castle are not proven and are false.

Дослідження стану транспортної інфраструктури міста Тернополя

The article is devoted to the problem of researching the state of the transport infrastructure of the city of Ternopil with the aim of further developing a sustainable urban mobility plan for the Ternopil urban territorial community. In order to meet the existing needs of passengers in quality transport service, it is necessary to provide a sufficient number of buses with a large and medium passenger capacity, however, in accordance with the principles of sustainable urban mobility, the priority of the community's transport policy should be environmentally friendly electric transport. In connection with the growing level of motorization of residents of the Ternopil urban territorial community and the correspondingly growing demand for the use of individual transport, the most difficult situation with an insufficient number of parking spaces is observed in the central part of the city, where the vast majority of objects of attraction for making trips are concentrated. Maintenance, repair and renewal of community transport infrastructure facilities is carried out by the relevant executive bodies of the TCC using the approach of annual planning of financing the necessary measures based on approved industry programs. Regardless of various sources of funding, such as the city budget, the state budget, investments, loans, funds of individuals and legal entities, the implementation of measures largely depends on the funds of the local budget. The analysis of the allocation of funding and the utilization of funds showed that for a long time there has been underfunding of works related to the transport infrastructure of the city of Ternopil. The actual indicators of utilization of financial resources allocated from the community budget for improving the condition of the street and road network for 2020 did not reach the planned indicators by 36,4%. According to the data from the community budget, 2000.000,0 UAH was supposed to be allocated for the implementation of the measures of the City Bicycle Infrastructure Development Program for 2020, however, in fact, the measures have not been financed.