City In Literature Research Articles

Peran Pojok Baca Anggrek Bulan dalam Menjadikan Padang Panjang sebagai Kota Literasi

Reading corner is a means of education related to lifelong learning. It's aimed at improving the quality of education in the community. Reading Corner Bank Sampah Anggrek Bulan is one of the TBMs that is active in developing the capabilities of the community by processing garbage into useful objects. This research aims to describe the contribution of the Anggrek Bulan Reading Corner to improving public to support the mission of Padang Panjang City as a City of Literature. The research method used is qualitative, the type of field research, whereas the analysis approach used is descriptive-qualitative. Sampling technique using purposive sampling. As for the informants in this study, they are the founder of the reading corner, the administrator, and the visitor to the reading corner. Data collection through direct field observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is done by means of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawings. The results of this study show that Anggrek Bulan Reading Corner develops the literacy of the community with a variety of routine activities such as tahfiz, disposing of wastes, and whistling. Its efforts to preserve and promote local wisdom culture are carried out by providing a collection of fiction related to the culture of independence, organizing local cultural activities and inviting experts in the process of transferring information for the young generation to know the culture, in particular Minangkabau culture. These activities have had a significant influence in supporting the Padang Panjang as a City of Literature.

ТHE TRANSFORMATION OF NAPLES THROUGH CESARE ANNUNZIATA’S MATURATION IN THE TEMPTATION TO BE HAPPY BY LORENZO MARONE

In his novel The temptation to be happy, Lorenzo Marone depicts the late maturation of Cesare Annunziata, the main character who, in his seventies, establishes stronger ties with society, including family members. Living in Naples, a city teeming with people, at first he avoids situations where he must interact with others, but this slowly changes through a series of pleasant and unpleasant events. As Cesare Annunciata changes, so does the image of Naples. In this paper, we follow the construction of the image of the city and the opening of views of Naples. We analyse the course of the narration in order to see the writer's procedure by which he successfully avoids the possibility of giving the usual representations of one of the most described cities in literature and forms a representation that will be new and unique.

Investigation of pollutant metals in road dust in a post-industrial city: Case study from Detroit, Michigan

Inhalation and/or ingestion of toxic heavy metals enriched in road dust have toxic effects on humans. From inhalation and ingestion of dust, release of readily bioavailable elements sorbed on to dust, could lead to health issues such as lung or skin cancer, kidney dysfunction, hypertension, dermal lesions, peripheral neuropathy, and vascular disease. On 49 road dust and soil samples collected in the Metro Detroit area, we analyzed a suite of trace metals in <63 μm and size-separated fractions to quantify the extent of metal enrichment and contamination status. We evaluated Enrichment Factor (EF), Pollution Index (PI), Geoaccumulation Index (GI), and Pollution Load Index (PLI). The average Chromium (Cr) concentration of 198 ppm is the highest reported for any global city in literature while in ∼80% samples, Barium (Ba), Cr, Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) concentrations exceeded the USEPA limit. The EF for Barium (Ba) was found to be ≥9 in all samples, and for the rest of other elements was >1.5. The PI values for Cr, Ba, Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), and Selenium (Se) indicate elevated levels and for Ba, Cr, and Zn up to a moderate level. PLI values in >50% of road dusts were ≥3, indicating many sites are ‘heavily polluted’. The PLI value in Detroit road dust is higher than those reported for some other global cities including Shanghai. Observed strong correlations between Cr-Zn and Cadmium (Cd)-Silver (Ag) likely indicate a common metal source. Cluster analysis of data for Cd, Arsenic (As), Pb, and Zn appears to be distinct between different proximally related clusters, while Nickel (Ni) and Ba are potentially more distinct between property type clusters. In general, metal concentrations of industrial samples are more commonly distinct with over half of metals (≥6 of 11) differing from residential and/or soil samples. Three generalized “groups” were identified from the combination of hierarchical cluster and PCA analyses followed by varimax rotation: Group 1 characterized by Cr, Cd, Ni, Ag, Zn, and Copper (Cu); Group 2 characterized by Pb, As, Mercury (Hg), and minor Ba; and Group 3 characterized by Se. This is the first study to report all four metrics of metal pollution along with rigorous statistical analysis.

Impact of urbanization on land surface temperature and surface urban heat Island using optical remote sensing data: A case study of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea

Urbanization changes the existing form of land use and cover (LULC) which can influence the land surface temperature (LST). Therefore, it is important to present the causes of urban heat island (UHI) which is usually linked with anthropogenic activities. There are very few studies on thermal behavior of Korean cities in literature. Hence, in this study we have estimated the LULC of Jeju island and analyzed LST using Landsat (TM/ETM+/OLI) images for the last two decades. The supervised image classification method employed with maximum likelihood classifier algorithm was used to classify the images and thermal band was used to calculate the LST. We have used simplified urban extent (SUE) algorithm to calculate the surface urban heat island (SUHI) and eventually we have correlated the SUHI with mean wind speed of Jeju Island. The results of LULC revealed that urban area increased from 8.69% in 2002 to 20.81% in 2021 and in this period barren land decreased by 34.88% due to urban expansion. Interestingly forest region has been slightly increased which is influenced by decreasing barren land. The accuracy was assessed using confusion matrix for the classified images and results revealed an overall accuracy of 0.87, 0.85 and 0.92 with kappa coefficient of 79.02%, 76.45% and 88.05% for the years of 2002, 2011, and 2021 respectively. The LST of all LULC classes were calculated which revealed the highest temperature for urban class which is followed by barren land. However, the forest cover and water body have the lowest temperature in the island. The intensity of surface urban heat island (SUHI) was increased from 2.47 °C (2002) to 3.10 °C (2021). We have correlated the wind speed and SUHI which revealed that SUHI and wind speed has inverse relationship. The outcome of this research can be utilized by the policymakers, urban planners, architects, and climatologist to develop policy related to climate-resilient cities.

Plural city: layered singularities and urban design: case of Belgrade City (RS)

A growing urban population, a new social dynamism, and fast-changing urban contexts, together with a lack of urban planning, lead to intensifying contradictions that threaten to harness urban prosperity, cohesion, and sustainability. All this creates a need for reframing the perspective on the city and its management. By analysing connecting concepts to the plural city in literature, the paper offers new ways of understanding and reading the city. We describe plural qualities of an inclusive city from the perspective of urban design—a city as a plurality of unique places and subjectivities in time—i.e. the plural city. Following the case study methodology, we critically discussed and evaluated the case of Belgrade as a plural city due to its lasting diversity and heterogeneity in both urban matrix and social tissue. As a result, we defined the elements, relationships, and plurality of views within the plural city in multiscale. Based on 18-years of experience gained through the Public art & Public space program, we have shown that public art strategies can be used as a method and tool to initiate spatial transformations and offer different ways of experiencing the urban landscape.

Cities and Ruin in American Studies

There is a reflexive relationship between the image of the city and its ruination in American literature and culture. The city orders the way in which we conceive of the democratic experience, and its ruin exposes the problems inherent in that urban order. Far from being set up as an oppositional pair, the concept of “cities and ruins” instigates a semantic dance of interrelated meanings that informs our civic participation and our modes of passing into the future. This essay reviews three texts, recently published, that explore the renewed emphasis in American studies on the role of the city in literature and culture and the processes of its ruin: The City in American Literature and Culture, edited by Kevin McNamara, Miles Orvell’s Empire of Ruins: American Culture, Photography, and the Spectacle of Destruction, and Andrew F. Wood’s A Rhetoric of Ruins: Exploring Landscapes of Abandoned Modernity.

A topos of a city in an university syllabus in the frame of the NEWSLA project

The NEWSLA project was supported by ERASMUS MUNDUS program. It includes a preparation of a modern multi-purpose form of the second stage of higher education. The universities that are taking part in the project are the Silesian University in Katowice, Ostrava University in Ostrava and Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje. The personal contribution of the author is the syllabus of the educational course “The city in literature and culture”. It consists of the following topics: city as center of the world, city as mythological place, the geocultural symbolic of cities, phenomena of the “lost” cities, the attitude of the human towards the city, flaneurism or the experience of walking around the city, and cities as a problem of translation. The text presents different aspects and examples from the above mentioned syllabus and summarizes the methodology of teaching techniques and the ways of implementation of the course.

The City in Literature: The Image of Lagos City in Lagos Noir

The media plays a key role in positioning places. Movies, music, magazines and books have been used to create images of various cities for both residents and visitors alike. A closer look at literary texts will reveal that cities are a common feature in literature and they play a key role in setting the tone for the character and other elements in the text. Lagos city has been featured in numerous literary works and it is important to examine the representations of the city, to understand how it can impact the positioning of the city in the minds of readers and prospective visitors. This study examines the portrayal of Lagos city in literature by analysing three stories in the fictional collection, Lagos Noir. Leveraging the city brand hexagon model, the various themes observed in these stories were examined using the content analysis method. Findings from this research show that the representation of Lagos in Lagos Noir is based on the socio-economic realities in the city and Nigeria in general. Since literature is mostly a reflection of existing elements of the city, the onus lies on the city administrators to ensure that the socio-economic and infrastructural facilities remain attractive to all its stakeholders, including the literary community. Keywords: Lagos city, Lagos Noir, City Branding, Place Branding DOI: 10.7176/JTHS/59-01 Publication date: October 31 st 2021

Constructing definition of smart cities from systems thinking view

PurposeOn review of literature on “Smart Cities”, it can be asserted that there are multiple definitions of the term “Smart Cities”; however, a universally accepted definition of “Smart Cities” has not been adopted till date. In these circumstances of uncertainty, this paper aims to propose a conclusive definition of “Smart Cities” from systems thinking view.Design/methodology/approachThe key properties, components and dimensions of “Smart Cities” were identified through text analysis of existing definitions of smart cities in literature using tools such as word cloud, network graph, bubble chart, mind map and web chart of top keywords. The definitions were further subjected to principal component analysis to identify the key components such as characteristics and enablers of “Smart Cities”. The concept of “Smart Cities” was then examined from systems thinking view, to arrive at a systemic understanding of the concept, as it examines the key elements of Government, Citizens and Business using the Golden Circle tool (Why, What and How). Thereon, the interactions between these elements were scrutinized by drawing a Systemigram, which aided in constructing the definition of “Smart Cities”. Thereafter, the validity of the definition was empirically tested by applying it to a set of cities and testing the efficiency of cities through data envelopment analysis.FindingsThe Literature Review and definition analysis of “Smart Cities” have not only facilitated in identifying elements of widely accepted constructs of “Smart Cities” also helps in advancing a formal conceptual definition of “Smart Cities”. A formal definition, which is commonly accepted, would enable researchers in advancing theory and building measurement instruments for “Smart Cities”.Originality/valueGiven the fact that there is no uniform definition of “Smart Cities” leading to varying standards for conceptualization or construction of a “Smart City”, this paper attempts to propose a formal conceptual definition of “Smart Cities” from systems thinking view. Thus, this paper shall not only attempt to advance theory building of the concept of “Smart Cities” but shall also provide a reference to researchers and practitioners, to enable them to build appropriate measures for Smart Cities.

Assessing Walkability in Sulaimani City Center

Walkability within urban design and planning context refers to urban environments that are friendly and supportive for the pedestrian. Walkable environments offer many economic, social, health, and environmental benefits and contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In public places, including city centers, walkability is a major asset for making them vibrant by attracting and maintaining pedestrians, including tourists. It is no coincidence that the top tourist destinations and livable cities as well as popular city centers and streets all share walkability character. Walkability quality in city center streets and any urban environment require planning. Good planning needs to be informed by measuring and assessing the state of walkability in existing streets and environments. While the literature presents systematic walkability assessment studies from different city centers of developed and developing countries, such studies are rare in the context of many other developing regions and countries like the Kurdistan Region and the rest of Iraq. Since walkability character can be contextual and affected by different socio-economic and environmental factors and dynamics, systematic and comprehensive assessment of under-researched environments and city centers are essential. To address this gap in the literature, this study systematically assesses the state of walkability in the city center of Sulaimani, the cultural capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and a UNESCO creative city in literature. This paper report results from assessing and comparing the physical characters of the six major interconnecting streets (Mawlawy, Kawa, Sabunkaran, Peramerd, Goran, and Bekas streets) in the center of Sulaimani city. The assessment considers the five main walkability factors of function, safety, destination, aesthetic, and comfort identified from the literature.

Spatiality of the City in Literature: Possibilities and Limits of the Semiotic Approach

The article attempts to delineate adequate ways of thinking about the spatiality of the city in literature. It examines two semiotic approaches to the problematic of the city, namely Jurij Lotman’s semiotics of culture and Algirdas Julius Greimas’ urban semiotics, and their applicability to the analysis of its literary representation. Lotman’s concept of semiosphere is invoked to outline the complex, two-way relationship between consciousness and the city. Highlighting the communicative and autocommunication processes of culture helps to establish a link with Greimas’ interpretive and generative methodological approaches. Both Greimas and Lotman treat the city as a virtual reality concentrating on the ideological, symbolical and philosophical aspects of it. Their theories regard language primarily as an acoustic phenomenon (as speech), and consequently tend to disregard its visual (e. g. graphic) features. The article considers possible combinations of the different branches of semiotics. The special attention is focused on demonstrating the importance of the (inter)medial aspects of the literary representation. A case study of the photo-essay helps to expose similarities and differences of the semiotic and the intermedial approaches. The article demonstrates how recognizing specific (inter)medial aspects of the text allows regarding the literary city as a topological object.

Mapping Modern Beijing: Space, Emotion, Literary Topography

Mapping Modern Beijing: Space, Emotion, Literary Topography

Geoparsing historical and contemporary literary text set in the City of Edinburgh

While a reasonable amount of work has gone into automatically geoparsing text at the city or higher levels of granularity for different types of texts in different domains, there is relatively little research on geoparsing fine-grained locations such as buildings, green spaces and street names in text. This paper reports on how the Edinburgh Geoparser performs on this task for different types of literary text set in Edinburgh, the first UNESCO City of Literature. The non-copyrighted gold standard datasets created for this purpose are released along with this article.

A novel big data analytics framework for smart cities

The emergence of smart cities aims at mitigating the challenges raised due to the continuous urbanization development and increasing population density in cities. To face these challenges, governments and decision makers undertake smart city projects targeting sustainable economic growth and better quality of life for both inhabitants and visitors. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a key enabling technology for city smartening. However, ICT artifacts and applications yield massive volumes of data known as big data. Extracting insights and hidden correlations from big data is a growing trend in information systems to provide better services to citizens and support the decision making processes. However, to extract valuable insights for developing city level smart information services, the generated datasets from various city domains need to be integrated and analyzed. This process usually referred to as big data analytics or big data value chain. Surveying the literature reveals an increasing interest in harnessing big data analytics applications in general and in the area of smart cities in particular. Yet, comprehensive discussions on the essential characteristics of big data analytics frameworks fitting smart cities requirements are still needed. This paper presents a novel big data analytics framework for smart cities called “Smart City Data Analytics Panel — SCDAP”. The design of SCDAP is based on answering the following research questions: what are the characteristics of big data analytics frameworks applied in smart cities in literature and what are the essential design principles that should guide the design of big data analytics frameworks have to serve smart cities purposes? In answering these questions, we adopted a systematic literature review on big data analytics frameworks in smart cities. The proposed framework introduces new functionalities to big data analytics frameworks represented in data model management and aggregation. The value of the proposed framework is discussed in comparison to traditional knowledge discovery approaches.

Introduction: Transnational Cityscapes

The introduction for "Transnational Cityscapes" provides an overview of scholarship on the transnational city in literature and establishes the transnational and city-oriented theoretical frameworks that underpin the essays in this collection. Bringing together theories from the fields of urban studies and transnational studies, the introduction complicates current understandings of transnationalism and the nation by demonstrating the ways in which cities provide discursive sites that move within and, at times beyond, nation spaces. In levying a critique of US and Latin American cities, the introduction outlines a number of global trends and theoretical concepts that have necessitated new approaches to both transnationalism and city studies.

HAYVANSAL LİFLERİ ENDÜSTRİYEL VE GELENEKSEL ÜRETİM OLARAK DEĞERLENDİRMEDE COĞRAFİ İŞARETLEMENİN ÖNEMİ: TİFTİK ÖRNEĞİ

Ankara (Angora) goat, mentioned in association with the name of Ankara city in literature, is an important cultural heritage of Ankara. Although some animals, such as Gemlik horse, Kangal sheep, Kars Turkish shepherd dog, Turkish hound have registered geographical indication, Ankara (Angora) goat is not studied within the scope of geographical indications. As the other mentioned animals, Ankara goat is also one of the indigenous genetic resources of Turkey. Mohair is a special animal fiber obtained from Angora goat. Thus, it has the potential to have a geographical indication. Hence, the use of mohair in industrial and traditional crafts is important for the sustainability of cultural heritage. In this paper, Turkish handicraft items which made from fibers and registered geographical indications have been analyzed. Mohair was studied within the scope of geographical indication and focused on the significance of the use of industrial and traditional crafts.

Writing as a Way of Life: Nomination of Wang Anyi for the Newman Prize for Chinese Literature

In this eloquent and convincing nomination statement written for the fifth Newman Prize for Chinese Literature, Peking University Professor Dai Jinhua explains why Wang Anyi is the most important contemporary Chinese writer. Dai shows that through her innovative and consistent literary experiments, Wang Anyi has recorded the seismic changes of China in the past half-century, and created a city in literature (Shanghai), or even a nation in literature (China). As a writer, Wang is mature, insightful, and emotional, and her writing does not know any limit.

Melbourne, City of Literature

WORLDLITERATURETODAY.ORG 5 IN 2008 global humanitarian organization unesco classified Melbourne, Australia , an official City of Literature. It’s one of only eleven cities to bear the title worldwide , and even the most cursory search into the culture surrounding Melbourne makes it easy to see why. Per capita, more of Melbourne’s citizens read for pleasure than in any other city in Australia. Nearly half the population of the state of Victoria belongs to one of the area’s more than 250 libraries. In addition, Melbourne hosts several widely attended writing festivals throughout the year. Opened in 1854, the State Library of Victoria is Australia’s oldest library. You may have seen its La Trobe Reading Room featured in the Outpost of WLT’s September 2015 issue. Seeing that beautiful space in person would be reason enough to visit, but with more than seventy thousand items added to its collections each year, it’s also undoubtedly one of the best places to go if you’re looking for more information about Australia’s rich cultural history. It also houses the Wheeler Centre, opened in 2010, which hosts authors in near-daily discussions on everything from comedy and the climate to, of course, literacy and publishing. The city is also home to the Melbourne Writers Festival. Celebrating its thirtieth anniversary this year, this festival’s nearly two-week program is among the longest I have heard of. MWF hosted four hundred writers in 2014, from independent authors to best-selling juggernauts— something for everyone. And the festival features more than just literature; you’ll also find musicians, spoken-word poets, and a different artist in residence at Federation Square every day. Best of all, onethird of its events are free. Venturing out from the library and festival into Melbourne’s laneways brings further literary adventure. Depending on which streets you visit, you’ll find everything from cafés to literacy centers in this area of Melbourne. Marked by colorful graffiti, there is plenty of space for writers and readers in the Flinders Lane precinct bounded by Swanston and Elizabeth streets. The Victorian Writers’ Centre, Collected Works Bookshop, Aboriginal Literacy Foundation, Centre for Adult Education , Letterbox, and City Library are all here, as is the literary-leaning Journal café. Jackie Lamoureux is a WLT intern. photo : rae allen Notebook city profile Melbourne, City of Literature by Jackie Lamoureux MELBOURNE IN LITERATURE Peter Carey Amnesia Knopf, 2015 Sophie Cunningham Melbourne University of New South Wales Press, 2011 Gerald Murnane A Million Windows David R. Godine, 2016 A. S. Patrić Black Rock White City Transit Lounge Publishing, 2015 ...

Melbourne, City of Literature

Melbourne, City of Literature

Introduction: How (Can) Cities Work

“What is a City?” So begins the collection of essays in the recently published Cambridge companion to The City in Literature (2015). “Why Cities” is the opening line of another recent publication edited by Robert Inman, and entitled Making Cities Work (2009). While the first question concerns the origins of social and political life, the second views cities as the main source of global economic growth and productivity. To these overriding questions pertaining to the urban enigma, I would lik...