City Of Lisbon Research Articles

2.F. Scientific session: Challenges in healthcare architectures

Abstract The Workshop titled “Challenges in healthcare architectures” - proposed and developed by the three EUPHA Section: Urban Public Health (URB), Public Mental Health (MEN) and Environmental Health (ENV) - is aimed to foster the dialogue between designers (architects and urban planners), Public Health experts (operators, professionals and epidemiologists), general/sanitary Directors of healthcare facilities and medical staff, to establish a multidisciplinary approach for understanding together how to create and manage the healthcare facilities of the future. According to the main Conference topic “Sailing the waves of European public health: exploring a sea of innovation”, the workshop mainly addresses both the “Health care services and systems” and the “Health workforce, practice and training” EPH24 conference topics. The Workshops purpose is to explore the concept for the hospital of the future, that should be resilient to changes and capable of protecting different users’ health and tackle the transforming social, economic, environmental and epidemiological needs of the context in which they are located. As in many other spheres and economic activities, the pandemic accelerated the processes of innovation and digitization that had somehow already been activated. The healthcare issue, the use of smart devices for a dialogue between the healthcare professionals and the pervasive use of apps to monitor certain health parameters, are just some of the megatrends that were being observed and which have now necessarily entered into everyday life. In the same way, the hospital, which in the face of this gradual process of dematerialization and relocation of ‘softer’ clinical-diagnostic activities, reaffirms itself as a center of the highest specialty for the treatment and care of acute patients, for high-level clinical and experimental re-search, for diagnostics and more complex operations. At the same time, and finally, the hospital is inserted in a territorial healthcare facilities network, that should be planned, designed, and managed. The workshop program includes inputs which they argue current experiences, emerging practices and scientific outcomes related to the hospital design, planning and management sphere, coming from four different European countries. From designing to managing practices, in “Hospital Design and planning in the line of Foresight of Health Needs” and in “Sustainability in the Next Generation Hospital”. From digitalization in national resilience experiences, in “Digital Health Spaces in the City of Lisbon. The Role of Digitalization in linking Boundaryless Hospitals and Smart Health Cities” to novel approaches for specific disease, in “Building bridges: mobile mental health care units in four European countries”. Key messages • Explore the “hospital of the future” concept, resilient to changes, capable of protecting users’ health, and to tackle the transforming social, economic, environmental and epidemiological needs. • Establish a multidisciplinary and territorial approach, for understanding together how to create and manage the healthcare network of the future.

Digital health spaces in the city of Lisbon. The role of digitalization in linking boundaryless hospitals and smart health cities

Abstract Digital transformation is reshaping every aspect of society, including healthcare. The concepts of ‘Boundaryless Hospitals’ (BH) and ‘Smart Health Cities’ (SHC) represent a forward-thinking approach to healthcare that leverages digital technologies to enhance service delivery, operational efficiency and patient outcomes, including healthy mobility. This session delves into the complex role of digitalization in creating interconnected health and spatial environments where the flow of data and resources across physical and virtual barriers is optimized. BH embody a healthcare model where digital tools, health information systems and AI-powered diagnostics are integrated to provide care that transcends traditional hospital walls into the city. This approach not only facilitates greater accessibility and flexibility in patient care but also enhances the capacity for healthcare providers to offer personalized and timely interventions, embracing public health altogether. SHC integrates health technology into urban planning and public health services to create ecosystems that actively contribute to the health and wellbeing of their populations. Using big data analytics, IoT and other digital infrastructures, these cities support sustainable health practices, disease prevention, and efficient crisis response, promoting an overall healthier populace. This session will explore how digital health spaces can bridge the gap between these concepts. Discussions will focus on public health challenges and opportunities, examining the case of the city of Lisbon on how digital platforms can facilitate interactions between healthcare providers, patients, and urban environments. Best practices from pioneering projects around the globe will be highlighted. Participants will engage in comprehensive analyses of Lisbon case that demonstrate successful integration of digital health technologies in various contexts, contributing to the resilience and adaptability of healthcare infrastructures.

Explorando la invisibilidad en el paisaje cultural urbano: intervención didáctica en la formación inicial de maestros

The urban cultural landscape emerges as an element of spatial relevance to address socially relevant problems. It integrates various elements that make visible and commemorate certain historical figures, places or events, to the detriment of other groups or minorities, whose representation in the symbols of the urban landscape is practically non-existent. Based on this approach, this works presents the results of a didactic intervention, aimed at valuing urban heritage and its social implications. The training activity takes place at the Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa (ESELx), involving two groups of students. The main objective was to evaluate whether the toponymy of the street map and the sculptures of certain neighborhoods in Lisbon reflect the diversity that exists in the city in terms of social classes, cultures and genders. Likewise, student perceptions in relation to the analyzed urban heritage were explored. For this purpose, debates were generated, the content of the student productions was evaluated and a questionnaire was implemented. The main results show that the various elements of the urban heritage do not reflect the existing diversity in the city of Lisbon. A scant representation of female figures is evident, as well as elements related to diverse beliefs or cultures and members belonging to disadvantaged social strata. Furthermore, the potential of using urban heritage as a teaching resource to develop the critical thinking of future educators is manifested.

Lisbon Urban Climate: Statistical Analysis/Approach for Urban Heat Island Effect Based on a Pioneering Urban Meteorological Network

The urban heat island (UHI) effect is a widely recognized phenomenon consisting of heat accumulation by dense urban construction and human activities, resulting in higher temperatures across urban areas compared to their surroundings. This article aims to quantify the UHI effect on several areas throughout the city of Lisbon, Portugal, with the main goal of validating, evaluating, and reinforcing urban climate adaptation and resilience strategies proposed in the recent scientific literature. A set of nine quality-controlled weather stations from the “Lisboa Aberta” network that are compliant with the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) standards and installation requirements were used to characterize Lisbon’s UHI, in comparison to a reference weather station from the Instituto Português do Mar e da Atmosfera (IPMA), located at Lisbon Airport. By applying a principal component analysis (PCA) in an innovative way to 10 urban indexes, it is shown that the thermal inertia in Lisbon’s urban areas is positively correlated with the UHI intensity and urban density, regardless of the daily heating/cooling cycle. Furthermore, the results show that land use also has an impact on the UHI effect, with continuous, vertical building areas showing the greatest deviations in comparison to the reference, averaging +1.8 °C. Contrastingly, horizontal building areas reveal an average deviation of +1.3 °C, with sparse, discontinuously built areas representing an average UHI effect of +0.2 °C. Finally, through a climatope analysis, it is determined that, across Lisbon, high-density urban areas and ventilation corridors are responsible for inducing average UHI effects of +1.7 °C and +0.2 °C, respectively.

Beyond a lasting impression: Exploring the impact of brand image on revisit intention, unveiling place attachment as a mediating mechanism

A robust and positive brand image, intertwined with a strong sense of place attachment, creates a symbiotic cycle that fuels customer loyalty and ignites the desire for a return visit. By leveraging a quantitative research approach and employing rigorous statistical methods, three distinct studies were conducted. The first study, primarily exploratory, was aimed at scrutinizing the psychometric attributes of the data collection instrument (n = 304). The ensuing confirmatory study sought to validate the results extracted from the exploratory factor analysis (n = 305). The third study was designed to examine the mediating influence of place attachment in the relation between the city of Lisbon's brand image and the revisit intention (n = 355). The data analysis revealed that brand image directly propels the revisit intention; however, when place attachment is introduced into the model as a mediator, the impact of brand image on revisit intention diminishes. These findings imply that when revisit intentions are evaluated, the significance ascribed to place attachment supersedes that ascribed to brand image.

OPERA "CREONT" BY DMYTR BORTNIANSKY: FROM PORTUGAL TO UKRAINE

The article examines the creative activity of the outstanding Ukrainian artist Dmytro Bortnyanskyi as an opera composer. The focus is on the operas of his Italian creative period (1768 - 1779) - Creont (1776, Venice), Alcides (1778, Venice) and Quintus Fabius (1779, Modena). The happy modern stage fate of the opera "Alkid" is indicated, its score was published in Kyiv in 1985. The found manuscript of the score by Dmytro Bortnyansky's first opera "Creont" provides new opportunities for studying the artist's work, this score was considered to be lost for a long time; after establishing the location of the score in one of the archives of the Portuguese city of Lisbon, its copy was brought to Ukraine. The history of transfers of the surviving manuscripts of Dmytro Bortnyanskyi's opera works was studied, in addition, the author analyzes the plot, structure and musical dramaturgy of the opera "Creont". The author uses a combination of scientific methods to achieve the goal of investigation, in particular: the source method — for searching and analyzing contemporary handwritten and printed sources; the historical method — to establish historical and cultural parallels in the study of Dmytro Bortnyanskyi's opera heritage and to outline prospects for further study of the specified issues; theoretical method — for the systematization of musical and stylistic factors of the study of the musical text of the opera "Creont" and the creation of certain generalizations. The study determines the numerical structure of the two-act opera "Creont", the plot of which is based on the tragedy "Antigone" by the ancient Greek playwright Sophocles. It is noted that the main conflict of Dmitry Bortnyanskyi's opera takes place between the king of Thebes, Creont, and Antigone, the daughter of the deceased king Oedipus (compared to the tragedy of Sophocles, the ending in the opera is changed from tragic to happy — all the characters remain alive, Antigone becomes the queen of Thebes and wins in the confrontation with by Creont). It is emphasized that the preserved score of the opera "Creont" provides grounds for a deeper understanding of Dmytro Bortnyanskyi's opera heritage and the composer's achievements in the genre of Italian opera, and that an important task is the production of this opera in Ukraine, in the composer's homeland

A data-driven clustering approach for assessing spatiotemporal vulnerability to urban emergencies

Urban vulnerability to emergencies has become a relevant issue as cities get bigger and the negative impacts of climatic changes become more prominent. In recent years, smart city systems devoted to detecting, alerting, and mitigating emergency situations have gained momentum, with different complexities and expected outcomes. Although such systems have become more common, their proper configuration and adoption should rely on a more comprehensive perception of urban vulnerabilities to critical events. This article defines a data-driven approach to numerically evaluate the vulnerability of each region of a city, taking real-world data from open databases as a reference for a proposed clustering-based assessment algorithm. Additionally, the temporal dynamics within a city are modelled through the definition of time frames, each one comprising an associated risk assessment factor based on the expected flow of inhabitants over time. This clustering analysis categorises urban areas with similar vulnerability profiles by modelling the temporal dynamics of urban infrastructure, capturing their fluctuating nature and impact on vulnerability. By leveraging temporal urban perceptions, this approach may contribute to more effective emergency management in urban areas since regions with higher population density may be assumed as more vulnerable to emergencies, potentially supporting the optimisation of smart cities and general urban planning. Experimental results for the Portuguese cities of Porto and Lisbon demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed approach by accurately identifying regions with higher temporal vulnerability to urban emergencies.

Setting up a CFD model to evaluate the impact of green infrastructures on local air quality

AbstractGreen infrastructures have been pointed out as innovative solutions to deal with current and future challenges related to air pollution and climate change. Although the potential of green infrastructures, such as green walls and green roofs, to mitigate air pollution has been documented, evidence at a local scale is still limited. This work aims to increase knowledge about the potentialities of green infrastructures in improving local air quality, focusing on particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and ozone pollutants, and by using a local-scale computational fluid dynamics model. The ENVI-met model was applied to a particular hour of a summer day over a built-up environment centred on a main avenue in the city of Lisbon (Portugal). The dimensions of the computational domain are 618 m × 594 m × 143 m, and it contains 184 buildings, with the tallest building being 56 m. In addition to the baseline simulation, modelling was also done considering the application of green walls and green roofs to specific buildings located near the main avenue, together with a green corridor. The overall results show no disturbances exerted by green walls on the turbulent flow dynamics and on the air quality levels when compared to the baseline scenario (without green walls). The integrated scenario, which includes green walls, green roofs and a green corridor, will lead to potential local benefits of green infrastructures on O3 concentrations, followed by variable impacts on NO2 and particulate matter concentrations.

Moving from classical towards machine learning stances for bus passengers’ alighting estimation: A comparison of state-of-the-art approaches in the city of Lisbon

Passenger alighting estimation is a critical task in public transport (PT) management, especially for entry-only Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) transport systems where passenger alighting are not recorded. Effective estimation methods are necessary for trip analysis and route planning, offering valuable insights into passengers’ mobility patterns and, subsequently, improving the quality of service. However, the stochastic nature of passenger behaviour challenges the degree of successful alighting estimates. A classic approach to infer the alighting stops of passengers is the use of trip-chaining principles. Since these principles are dispersed across the literature in the field, their comprehensive review is pivotal to establish the best practice for alighting estimation. Still, trip-chaining approaches are unable to infer the alighting of non-commuting passengers. This paper addresses these two research gaps by: i) providing a critical overview of the existing principles and methods for alighting estimation; ii) proposing an approach to improve alighting estimation that consistently integrates the most effective state-of-the-art principles on trip-chaining; and iii) further introducing a frequent pattern mining and density-based clustering solutions to support alighting estimation for non-commuting passengers. Considering the public bus transport in Lisbon city as the guiding case study, the achieved estimation rate by the proposed assembled model is 92%. Moreover, the density-based clustering solution is found to improve the estimation of 11pp against classic trip-chaining principles. Furthermore, the proposed model and acquired results yield actionable value to enhance PT operations and services, ultimately leading to improved bus routing and quality of service.

Thermal stress and comfort assessment in urban areas using Copernicus Climate Change Service Era 5 reanalysis and collected microclimatic data

In this initial study of a research project, this paper seeks to understand the thermal conditions in the cities of Lisbon and Munich, specifically focusing on Urban Heat Island intensity and on thermal comfort using the Universal Thermal Climate Index modeling data at the Local Climate Zone scale. Based on these datasets, Munich has exhibited more unfavourable thermal conditions than Lisbon. In terms of UHII, both cities have shown that low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and bare rock or paved areas have the highest values, while sparsely built areas have the lowest. These results differ from the UTCI, which indicates that in Lisbon and Munich, these sparsely built areas as well as areas with low plants and vegetation are the most uncomfortable. In Munich, the population was exposed to very strong heat stress, while Lisbon experienced strong heat stress conditions. Conversely, low, medium, and high rise compact urban areas and densely wooded areas in Munich, and scattered trees areas and large low-rise urban areas in Lisbon, have demonstrated the lowest monthly mean and average maximum values. These results will be further explored in future studies in the city of Lisbon and cross-checked with data obtained from roving missions. This will enable a more detailed temporal and local analysis.

Onde está a Mesquita Aljama de Lisboa? Da construção de um mito urbano aos equívocos da Arqueologia

The city of Lisbon, heir to an opulent Islamic past, has insisted on hiding its testimonies of buildings from that period. Nonetheless, since the 19th century and under the infl uence of Romanticism and along with the birth of Archaeology as a Science, that from the study of ancient literary information, the presence of some important constructions and, in particular, the great aljama or main mosque was given value. Archaeological excavations carried out in the cloister of the Lisbon Cathedral (Sé de Lisboa), which have been going on for three decades, claimed to have discovered the remains of that temple, which, well-orchestrated campaign in the media, made them widely reported. However, not even with some imagination is it believable that the remains of the structures exposed have belonged to the desired main mosque, as they do not have constructive or convincing morphological characteristics capable of supporting such a statement, such as the undeniable remains of the mihrāb, the qibla or the minaret, tiled or stone fl ooring, bases, shafts or column capitals, fragments of decorated stucco, inscriptions, etc. Nor were there any artifactual testimonies or stratigraphic successions identifi ed that contributed to that interpretation.

“Crianças Leitoras do Mundo”: diversidade, classe, género e participação

ABSTRACT The strategic utilization of postmodern illustrated literature has emerged as a crucial tool in facilitating a profound understanding of how children construct their comprehension of diverse perspectives within the realm of social dynamics. This article rigorously scrutinizes children's conceptualizations pertaining to a wide array of subjects, encompassing diversity, socioeconomic disparities, gender dynamics, and active participation. This examination was conducted within the comprehensive framework of the RED_SMOOTH Project (Horizon 2020, European Union), which involved a qualitative investigation involving a cohort of 22 second-grade primary education students situated in the city of Lisbon. This initiative entailed the deliberate implementation of a read-aloud intervention program, primarily designed to explore the intricate themes under consideration.

Exploring isovist fields: A comparative study of churches in reconstruction plans for post-earthquake Lisbon

Following the Lisbon 1755 earthquake, Manuel da Maia (1677-1768), chief engineer of King D. José I (1714-1777), commissioned six plans for the city’s reconstruction. We analyze these plans weighing how they addressed the challenges of building a modern city of the XVIII century. In them, churches had different roles in the urban morphology of the city. We investigate their interplay over the plans. The analysis of the importance of religious buildings in the city plan was made through the visual impact that those buildings had in the public space. Using isovists, we examine the visual impact of religious buildings on public space. Our results indicate that all plans, except the chosen one, promoted a greater visual impact of churches in public space. Plan 6 proposed a patriarchal church in Terreiro do Paço, with an extreme impact on the city’s visual landscape. Conversely the chosen plan presented a similar visual impact of churches in the plan as the pre-1755 city. This resulted from the removal of churches from the main streets and their integration inside the city blocks. This plan presented a similar level of visual impact, comparable to the pre-1755, but with a completely different approach to the street drawing. Overall, this study sheds light on how different reconstruction options for the city of Lisbon could have impacted the city being rebuilt. The aftermath of the 1755 earthquake provided an opportunity not only to rebuild the city, but also to redefine the power balance within the kingdom and to shift the importance of the church as a central aspect of city life.

Actionable descriptors of spatiotemporal urban dynamics from large-scale mobile data: A case study in Lisbon city

Mobile phones share location records, offering the opportunity to monitor and understand emerging population dynamics in urban centers. With the aim of supporting urban planning, this study introduces a scalable methodology grounded on extracting and organizing spatiotemporal statistics from decomposed population density data. The proposed methodology serves three major purposes: (i) assess the predictability of spatiotemporal citizen density patterns; (ii) detect emerging spatiotemporal trends in population density; and (iii) uncover multi-level seasonality patterns with guarantees of actionability. Additionally, it makes available an open-access tool for deploying the proposed methodology and analyzing mobile phone network data with easy-to-use spatiotemporal visualization and navigation facilities. The results obtained from real-world, large-scale mobile data in Lisbon, Portugal, demonstrate the effectiveness and validity of the proposed methodology in extracting actionable statistics in linear time to guide both tactic and strategic urban planning.

An Urban Image Stimulus Set Generated from Social Media

Social media data, such as photos and status posts, can be tagged with location information (geotagging). This geotagged information can be used for urban spatial analysis to explore neighborhood characteristics or mobility patterns. With increasing rural-to-urban migration, there is a need for comprehensive data capturing the complexity of urban settings and their influence on human experiences. Here, we share an urban image stimulus set from the city of Lisbon that researchers can use in their experiments. The stimulus set consists of 160 geotagged urban space photographs extracted from the Flickr social media platform. We divided the city into 100 × 100 m cells to calculate the cell image density (number of images in each cell) and the cell green index (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index of each cell) and assigned these values to each geotagged image. In addition, we also computed the popularity of each image (normalized views on the social network). We also categorized these images into two putative groups by photographer status (residents and tourists), with 80 images belonging to each group. With the rise in data-driven decisions in urban planning, this stimulus set helps explore human–urban environment interaction patterns, especially if complemented with survey/neuroimaging measures or machine-learning analyses.

The African Presence in Iberian Art*

The African presence in early modern Iberia increased with the emergence of the transatlantic slave trade following the discoveries of the Americas from the middle of the fifteenth century. This article focuses on the visual representation of Africans in the Kingdom of Portugal and the Spanish Kingdoms of Aragon and Castile until the seventeenth century. It focuses on the depiction of urban enslaved and liberated Africans in the main cities of Lisbon and Seville, in religious compositions, as the most popular Adoration of the Magi and the violent Castilian iconography of The Miracle of the Black Leg and in portraiture.

Smart City and the digital measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation in Outdoor workers in the City of Lisbon

Abstract The growing incidence of skin cancer over the years has made it a significant public health problem. However, technology can be used to tackle the skin cancer which is highly preventable, mainly through reduced exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). Digital services can be used to promote individual and collective protective measures and interventions. Specifically, there is an opportunity when the exposure is intermittent or continuous, and occurs in an occupational or leisure setting. We are using a digital platform to contribute to raising public and policy awareness on solar UVR-inflicted occupational skin cancers in the municipality of Lisbon. The digital platform is performing direct measurements of the solar UVR dose received by outdoor workers. Results will likely contribute to further understanding the risk estimates for keratinocyte cancer estimations in this population. The digital platform integrates a personal electronic dosimeter (GENESIS-UV system) to assess occupational solar UVR doses of gardeners, masons, and gravediggers of the municipality of Lisbon. Two hundred and ten outdoor workers were selected to wear the dosimeter for 1 month each, between April and October during their daily working hours. The digital platform that offers private access to information through dashboard visualization provided information for the outdoor workers and facilitate communication with the participants. Study data provides the outdoor workers with information on their personal solar UVR exposure during their working hours and an estimate of their risk of developing skin cancer. The results prospectively should flow into the design of adequate prevention campaigns for skin cancer in outdoor workers.

Modern Mural Paintings. The Planisphere Painting of Almada Negreiros: Technical and Material Features of Plasters and Painting Technique

This paper presents the results of observations and analysis carried out in the modern mural painting of 54m2, known as Planisphere (or Mapa-mundi), made by Almada Negreiros in 1939 in the city of Lisbon. The painting is Almada’s first monumental painted work at fresco, and it is a striking, colourful composition inspired by early world maps of navigators. The aim is to ascertain how he built up this masterpiece and what artistic sources could have inspired him. The analytical setup comprised in-situ technical photography in the visible (Vis and Vis-Rak) and near infrared radiation (NIR), Vis-handled-Optical microscopy, complemented by laboratorial analysis of microsamples collected from paint layers with OM-Vis-UV and SEM-EDS. The data obtained was compared with the painting compendiums of Paul Bedouin’s La fresque. Sa Technique-ses applications (1914) and of Costin Petresco’s L’art de la fresque (1931), retrieved from the artist studio in 2019. The study reveals the first technical and material features found, such as the painting execution by large giornate, the use of different types of techniques to transfer the drawings to the wall, and the presence of paint layers made with buon and lime fresco. The results also reveal the likely strategies used by Almada to overcome the challenges imposed by a fresco execution, inspired by both eastern and western mural painting traditions.

Early Meteorological Observations in Almada (Portugal) for the Period 1788–1813 by Medical Doctors

Early meteorological observations have been found for the period 1788–1813 in a collection of historical documents entitled “Medical and meteorological observation books” (Livros de observações médicas e meteorológicas) that is preserved nowadays in the Municipal Historical Archive of Almada. Almada is a Portuguese city located on the southern bank of the Tagus River, near the mouth of the river, in front of the capital city of Lisbon, which is located on the northern bank. In this work, more than 5000 meteorological readings for the period 1788–1813 have been recovered and analyzed. Daily values have been preserved for the period 1788–1789. However, only monthly values have stood the test of time for the period 1792–1813. The meteorological variables recovered are temperature, pressure, wind direction and the state of the sky. A quality control was carried out to find possible errors, either in the original data or in the digitization process. Unfortunately, there is no information in the metadata about the instruments or the observational methodology. Pressure and temperature data from modern and reanalysis datasets were used as references to study the agreement between these datasets and the Almada dataset. Daily pressure and temperature values from the Almada dataset were used to study, in particular, the meteorological conditions of the winter of 1788/1789 in Almada because this season was one of the coldest in the last 300 years in Central Europe. The complete dataset of early meteorological observations in Almada is freely available to the scientific community.

O Ano da Morte de Ricardo Reis ou o romance como viagem

“The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis or the novel as a journey” takes part in the reporting referred in the general framework of the travel motif. e de Lisboa, em meados dos anos 30 do século XX. From Viagem a Portugal (1981) to A Viagem do Elefante (2008), including A Jangada de Pedra (1986), the journey constitutes a point of departure for questioning the return, identity, history, and the sites that were toured. In O Ano da Morte de Ricardo Reis, the journey leads to a rediscovering of urban spaces, of historical figures and of interpersonal experiences. Finally, the journey leads to other dimensions (symbolic, political, etc.), going far beyond wandering around the city of Lisbon, in the mid-1930s.