Jinan City Research Articles

The mediation effect of peer relation and positive emotion between campus sports atmosphere and teenagers’ subjective well-being

BackgroundThe healthy growth of young people affects the future of every country and nation. Their physical and psychological health problems have long been the focal point of every country. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of campus sports atmosphere on the teenagers’ subjective well-being.MethodThis study was conducted among 10 to 15 year old teenagers in Jinan City, by means of campus sports atmosphere, peer relation, positive emotion and subjective well-being. The original data is exported in Excel format from Wenjuanxing Platform, and SPSS 26.0 is used to perform descriptive statistics, reliability, and correlation analysis.ResultsThe correlation coefficient of campus sports atmosphere, peer relations, positive emotion, and teenagers’ subjective well-being is significant; the results showed that the campus sports atmosphere had a positive predictive effect on the peer relationship (β = 0.699, t = 17.729, p < 0.01), and positive emotion (β = 0.38, t = 16.783, p < 0.01). Campus sports atmosphere can predict the teenagers’ subjective well-being positively (β = 0.289, t = 14.723, p < 0.01); The relationship between peer relations and positive emotion can predict the teenagers’ subjective well-being positively (β = 0.292, t = 15.24, p < 0.01; β = 0.355, t = 18.669, p < 0.01); Through Bootstrap Testing, we find that the campus sports atmosphere has a significant positive influence on the teenagers’ subjective well-being, which is 0.4969; The influence of the relationship between the campus sports atmosphere and the teenagers’ subjective well-being was significant, and the total indirect influence was 0.4352.ConclusionThe campus sports atmosphere not only influences teenagers’ subjective well-being directly, but also improves their well-being by the mediation of peer relations and positive emotion.

A novel high-temperature water cooling system utilizing cascaded cold energy from underground water plants in northern China

In alignment to China's ambitious ‘Dual Carbon' strategy and the urgent need to address energy shortages, optimizing energy consumption in air conditioning systems has become a critical imperative in thermal engineering.This study introduces an innovative high-temperature water cooling system that leverages cascaded cold energy from underground water plants in northern China. Initially, the DeST software was utilized to simulate and quantify the hourly cooling load and annual cooling consumption of a representative building. Subsequently, based on these simulation results, a comprehensive case study was conducted on an air conditioning project in Jinan city, Shandong Province, to rigorously analyze the proposed system's performance in terms of energy efficiency, economic feasibility, and environmental impact.The results demonstrate significant improvements over conventional air conditioning systems: a 24.6 % increase in energy efficiency, corresponding to a reduction of 4.7 kWh/m2 in energy consumption and cost savings of 2.5 CNY/m2. The economic viability of the system extends to a radius of 3.5 km from the underground water plant. Projections for a typical cooling season indicate potential electricity savings of approximately 691,000.0 kWh, translating to emission reductions of 691.0 tons of CO2, 20.7 tons of SO2, and 10.4 tons of NOx.

Investigation into the Geological Origin and Influencing Factors of Selenium-Enriched Soil in Licheng, Jinan, Shandong Province

The geochemical classification of soils is crucial for the scientific development and utilization of land, particularly in the investigation of selenium-rich soils, which plays a guiding role in the cultivation layout of local selenium-rich agricultural products. This study involves the collection and analysis of over 6000 samples of soil, water quality, and crops from the entire area of Licheng District in Jinan City, Shandong Province. By analyzing the data in conjunction with the geochemical classification standards for soil nutrient levels, soil environmental geochemical levels, and comprehensive soil quality geochemical levels, we delineated a distribution area of selenium-rich soils covering 192.26 km2 in Licheng District, providing a bibliographic basis for the scientific planning of agriculture and forestry in the region.

Research on Weighted Network Model Construction and Layout Structure of New Energy Vehicle Charging Station

(1) Background: Spatial layout is the key to the construction and development of new energy vehicle charging stations; (2) Methods: A network analysis method is used to build the new energy vehicle charging station network, design network indicators, analyze the structural characteristics of new energy vehicle charging stations based on the local nodes and the overall structure of the network, and identify the key nodes and important parts of the network; (3) Results: Taking the new energy vehicle charging station in Jinan City of Shandong Province as an example, the empirical analysis is carried out. The empirical results show that the new energy vehicle charging station network constructed in this paper and the network indicators designed can effectively describe the layout of new energy vehicle charging stations, identifying key stations and important parts of the network; (4) Conclusions: This provides a theoretical basis for further improving the utilization rate of charging stations and the reasonable planning of new energy vehicle charging stations. It provides an idea and method for the research on the layout of charging stations for new energy vehicles.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of dental patients toward dental defects and dental fillings in Jinan, Shandong Province, China: a mediation analysis

BackgroundDental filling is a prevalent method for treating dental defects. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward dental defects and dental fillings among dental patients in Jinan, Shandong Province, China.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted at the main campus and several branch campuses of Jinan Stomatological Hospital, and community locations within Jinan city between October 2023, and January 2024. Spearman correlation analysis and mediation analysis were used to assess the associations and interrelationships between KAP scores.ResultsIn this study, 2529 dental patients participated, with 69.1% being females. Of these, 1711 had no dental defects, 551 had defects and fillings, and 267 had defects without fillings. Their median knowledge, attitude, and practice (Questions 1–6) scores were 8.00 [5.00, 12.00] (possible range: 0–18), 27.00 [26.00, 29.00] (possible range: 10–50), and 19.00 [15.00, 24.00] (possible range: 9–45), respectively. Mediation analysis revealed that in patients without dental defects, knowledge had a direct effect on attitude (β = -0.983, 95% CI: -0.999, -0.966, P < 0.001). Additionally, attitude had a direct effect on practice (β = -0.797, 95% CI: -1.490, -0.103, P = 0.024), while knowledge had an indirect effect on practice through attitude (β = 0.783, 95% CI: 0.096, 1.470, P = 0.026). In patients with dental defects who had undergone dental fillings, significant direct effects were observed between knowledge and attitude (β = -0.736, 95% CI: -0.821, -0.650, P < 0.001), knowledge and practice (β = 0.396, 95% CI: 0.214, 0.577, P < 0.001), and attitude and practice (β = -0.499, 95% CI: -0.683, -0.315, P < 0.001). Moreover, knowledge had an indirect effect on practice (β = 0.367, 95 CI: 0.221, 0.513, P < 0.001). In patients with dental defects but without any fillings, direct effects were found between knowledge and attitude (β = -0.929, 95% CI: -1.028, -0.829, P < 0.001).ConclusionsDental patients had inadequate knowledge, attitude, and practices concerning dental defects and fillings. It is recommended that clinical interventions should focus on enhancing patient education and promoting positive engagement in dental care practices.

The Practice Deviation and Governance of the Smart Care Policy——Take Jining City as an Example

Due to the difference between the supply and demand of the policy, as well as the multifaceted conundrum surrounding the policy’s implementation, it is necessary to define the subject’s boundaries of duty while implementing smart care policies. In order to examine the elements that lead to practice deviation and their governance plans, this study employs the research methodology of case analysis and literature analysis to examine Jining City’s smart care policy from the standpoint of public policy. With limited financial resources, it seeks to better serve the demands of the senior population, encourage the efficient development of the old-age care service system, and achieve better resource allocation for old-age care. As a result, the paper recommends enhancing the relationship between the supply of pension services and the demand from the elderly population, encouraging the efficient and well-balanced development of the pension service system, bolstering the development of professional talent, and making it clearer who is responsible for what when it comes to implementing wise pension policy.

Parent-child communication and educational anxiety: a longitudinal analysis based on the common fate model

BackgroundIn the face of family stress and emerging family problems, the transactional model of stress and coping provides new perspectives for solving stress problems in the family. This study integrates it with the common fate model to reveal new paths for coping with educational anxiety problems from the level of parent-child dichotomous interaction in the family environment, aiming to provide some theoretical and practical support for alleviating parents’ education anxiety.MethodsThis study used a combination of interviews and questionnaires to stratify students and their parents from a public junior high school in Jinan City to participate in the study. Data were collected in two time periods (T1, T2; one year apart), and the demographic characteristics of parents and children, parent-child communication quality, education anxiety, and parent-child trust relationship of 495 families were finally analysed by SPSS 27.0.ResultsThe results found that (1) based on the Common Fate Model, quality of parent-child communication negatively predicted parents’ education anxiety; (2) quality of parent-child communication positively predicted parent-child trust relationship; (3) parent-child trust relationship negatively predicted parents’education anxiety; (4) parent-child trust relationship mediated quality of parent-child communication and education anxiety.ConclusionsThis study sheds light on research related to stress coping and anxiety relief in the family environment, and provides theoretical and practical support for understanding the interaction between parents and children at the family level, and coping with stressful events together. It implies that future researchers should not only focus on one aspect when coping with and dealing with family problems, but should analyse the family as a whole, including the communication status and parent-child relationship between parents and children.

A life course study of the Beixin culture residents from the Neolithic site of Xiaheqiadong, Shandong Province, China

AbstractThe Xiaheqiadong site located in Zhangqiu district, Jinan city, Shandong province, China, was excavated in 2016 by the Jinan Institute of Archaeology, which revealed six single burials dating to the Beixin culture period (ca. 5,300–4,500 BC to ca. 4,100–3,600 BC). This paper used bioarchaeological methods to study the human skeletal remains to reconstruct the life course of the residents of the Beixin culture at the Xiaheqiadong site, focusing on stable isotope analysis, evaluation of stress, tooth ablation, and intentional skull modification. Based on stable isotope analysis of carbon, it is evident that the dietary structure of the ancient residents of Xiaheqiadong was mainly dependent on C4 plants or animals that ate mainly C4 plants. The stable isotope analysis of nitrogen indicated that the ancient residents of the Xiaheqiadong site exhibited a relatively sufficient consumption of animal protein. Furthermore, this result also reveals that a subsistence economic model was established consisting of farming, gathering, and hunting. Observations of the stress indicators (including cribra orbitalia, porotic hyperostosis, and linear enamel hypoplasia) revealed that they experienced poor health conditions and were under high levels of stress during infancy and early childhood. However, this situation improved with increasing age, suggesting that residents from the Xiaheqiadong site had the capacity to withstand severe living conditions and adapt after experiencing stress events. The tooth ablation and occipital modification cases from the Xiaheqiadong site are the earliest cases among the individuals with accurate dating results found in China.

Land acquisition and storage strategy and optimization of urban spatial layout

This article explores the relationship between land acquisition and storage strategies and optimization of urban spatial layout. By analyzing the current situation, challenges, and strategies for high-quality development requirements of land reserves, a logical approach for the preparation of land reserve planning has been proposed. Based on the actual case of Jinan City, Shandong Province, this paper summarizes the implementation effect of land reserve planning and looks forward to the future development direction.

Population genetic diversity of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in Jining City of Shandong Province based on the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I gene

To understand the genetic basis of the adaptation of Culex tritaeniorhynchus to different environmental ecology in Jining City, Shandong Province, so as to provide insights into understanding of the population structure or isolation pattern of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the city. Seven sampling sites were selected from urban, suburban and rural areas of Jining City, Shandong Province from June to August 2023, and mosquitoes were collected using mosquito-trapping lamps. All collected adult mosquitoes were identified morphologically. Genomic DNA was extracted from a single female Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquito, and the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified using a PCR assay, sequenced and subjected to molecular identification. The number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity (Hd), nucleotide diversity (Pi), and average number of nucleotide differences (K) of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus DNA sequences were estimated among different sampling sites using the software DnaSP 6, and a neutrality test was performed. The fixation index (FST), and gene flow (number of migrants, Nm) of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations were calculated using the software Arlequin 3.5.2, and subjected to analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). In addition, a haplotype network diagrams and a phylogenetic tree of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations were created using the software PopART and MEGA 11, respectively. A total of 420 sequences were successfully amplified from the COI gene of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus samples collected from 7 sampling sites in Jining City, and a gene fragment sequence with a length of 603 bp was obtained, with 55 variable sites and 46 haplotypes and without insertion or deletion mutations. Of the 46 haplotypes, H01 was the dominant shared haplotype, and the haplotype frequency increased gradually from urban areas (34.00%) to rural areas (47.00%). The mean Hd, Pi and K values of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus COI genes were 0.814, 0.024 and 14.129, 0.489, 0.016 and 7.941 and 0.641, 0.016 and 10.393 in suburban, urban, and rural areas, respectively, with the highest population diversity of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in suburban areas and the lowest in urban areas. Paired FST analysis among different types of sampling sites showed that the mean FST value was 0.029 between urban and suburban areas, indicating more frequent inter-population communication. AMOVA revealed that the percentage of intra-population variation (95.74%) was higher than that of inter-population variation (4.26%). Neutrality tests showed deviation from neutrality in Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations collected from Nanyang Township (Tajima's D = 2.793, Fu's Fs = 6.429, both P values < 0.05). In addition, the mismatch distribution curves of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus COI gene appeared bimodal or multimodal patterns in Jining City, indicating a relatively stable overall population size. The mitochondrial COI gene may be used as a molecular marker to investigate the population genetic diversity of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus. The population genetic diversity of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus is higher in the suburban areas of Jining City than in rural and urban areas, and there are frequent genetic exchanges between Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations from urban and suburban areas.

Nutrient Stoichiometry and Tree Development: Insights from a 5-Year Study on Catalpa bungei Fertilization

Short-term fertilization may provide limited improvements in tree growth and demonstrate suboptimal fertilizer efficiency; however, its benefits often fall short of expectations. Unfortunately, research addressing the sustained impacts of prolonged fertilization (e.g., beyond five years) on trees’ developmental dynamics and productivity remains relatively scarce. This study focused on a 7-year-old Catalpa bungei plantation located in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China. The study employed two fertilization techniques: hole fertilization (HF) and integrated water and fertilizer application (WF), with a no-fertilization treatment serving as the control (CK). The findings revealed that the WF significantly enhanced stand productivity. When comparing the different treatments, the productivity of WF stands demonstrated a remarkable increase of 39.7% compared to HF stands and 55.1% compared to CK stands. After five years of fertilization, the stands treated with WF exhibited a significant increase in volume accumulation, reaching 112.36 m3·hm−2. Additionally, the productivity of these WF-fertilized stands achieved an impressive 41.75 m3·hm−2·a−1. Fertilization notably enhanced the nitrogen content in the leaves and fine roots of C. bungei, as well as the potassium content in the coarse roots. These nutrients were found to be more concentrated in the corresponding organs within the WF stands. Over the entire growth cycle, there was a substantial consumption of key nutrients, with leaf nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium contents decreasing by 30.5%, 18.8%, and 47.3%, respectively. Similarly, the coarse root potassium and fine root phosphorus content decreased by 24.7% and 24.4%, respectively. The enhancement in leaf nitrogen content following fertilization significantly contributed to increases in tree height, breast height diameter (DBH), and individual tree volume. Similarly, the enrichment of potassium in the branches and coarse roots was associated with improvements in DBH and tree volume. To maximize forest stand productivity, the WF fertilization method demonstrated superior results compared to HF. Therefore, WF should be prioritized in future fertilization experiments for C. bungei.

Urban Color Perception and Sentiment Analysis Based on Deep Learning and Street View Big Data

The acceleration of urbanization has resulted in a heightened awareness of the impacts of urban environments on residents’ emotional states. This present study focuses on the Lixia District of Jinan City. By using urban street view big data and deep learning methods, we undertook a detailed analysis of the impacts of urban color features on residents’ emotional perceptions. In particular, a substantial corpus of street scene image data was extracted and processed. This was performed using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and semantic segmentation technology (PSPNet), which enabled the simulation and prediction of the subjective perception of the urban environment by humans. Furthermore, the color complexity and coordination in the street scene were quantified and combined with residents’ emotional feedback to carry out a multi-dimensional analysis. The findings revealed that color complexity and coordination were significant elements influencing residents’ emotional perceptions. A high color complexity is visually appealing, but can lead to fatigue, discomfort, and boredom; a moderate complexity stimulates vitality and pleasure; high levels of regional harmony and aesthetics can increase perceptions of beauty and security; and low levels of coordination can increase feelings of depression. The environmental characteristics of different areas and differences in the daily activities of residents resulted in regional differences regarding the impacts of color features on emotional perception. This study corroborates the assertion that environmental color coordination has the capacity to enhance residents’ emotions, thereby providing an important reference point for urban planning. Planning should be based on the functional characteristics of the region, and color complexity and coordination should be reasonably regulated to optimize the emotional experiences of residents. Differentiated color management enhances urban aesthetics, livability, and residents’ happiness and promotes sustainable development. In the future, the influences of color and environmental factors on emotions can be explored in depth, with a view to assist in the formulation of fine urban design.

A Study of Distribution Problems Based on Express Transportation Networks

This article uses the distribution data of rookie stations in Jinan City to explore the allocation problem of express delivery transportation networks. Firstly, in response to the uneven spatial layout of rookie Station, a corresponding evaluation index system was established based on K-means and TOPSIS models. The results showed that rookie Station exhibited characteristics of agglomeration in the central urban area and dispersion in the remote urban area. Secondly, by establishing a Floyd model to plan the route, the most reasonable transfer center was determined, and the results showed that the Shizhong District was the most suitable transfer station for Jinan City, while Zhangqiu District was selected as the second transfer station. Finally, based on the population density and express delivery demand in Jinan City, a model for express delivery allocation business points was established, and the optimal solutions for express delivery allocation business points in each district were obtained.

TSAE-UNet: A Novel Network for Multi-Scene and Multi-Temporal Water Body Detection Based on Spatiotemporal Feature Extraction

The application of remote sensing technology in water body detection has become increasingly widespread, offering significant value for environmental monitoring, hydrological research, and disaster early warning. However, the existing methods face challenges in multi-scene and multi-temporal water body detection, including the diverse variations in water body shapes and sizes that complicate detection; the complexity of land cover types, which easily leads to false positives and missed detections; the high cost of acquiring high-resolution images, limiting long-term applications; and the lack of effective handling of multi-temporal data, making it difficult to capture the dynamic changes in water bodies. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel network for multi-scene and multi-temporal water body detection based on spatiotemporal feature extraction, named TSAE-UNet. TSAE-UNet integrates convolutional neural networks (CNN), depthwise separable convolutions, ConvLSTM, and attention mechanisms, significantly improving the accuracy and robustness of water body detection by capturing multi-scale features and establishing long-term dependencies. The Otsu method was employed to quickly process Sentinel-1A and Sentinel-2 images, generating a high-quality training dataset. In the first experiment, five rectangular areas of approximately 37.5 km2 each were selected to validate the water body detection performance of the TSAE-UNet model across different scenes. The second experiment focused on Jining City, Shandong Province, China, analyzing the monthly water body changes from 2020 to 2022 and the quarterly changes in 2022. The experimental results demonstrate that TSAE-UNet excels in multi-scene and long-term water body detection, achieving a precision of 0.989, a recall of 0.983, an F1 score of 0.986, and an IoU of 0.974, significantly outperforming FCN, PSPNet, DeepLabV3+, ADCNN, and MECNet.

Participatory Renewal of Historic Districts Based on Bayesian Network

Public participation is a requirement for contemporary urban governance in China, especially in the protection planning of historic districts. In the rapid development stage, many historic districts have lost their functional positioning in cities and are gradually disappearing due to outdated facilities and services. Previous studies have pointed out that protecting historic and cultural districts requires the joint efforts of multiple stakeholders. Integrating multiple stakeholders’ interests and needs is a complex problem in related research fields and planning practices. The traditional forms of public participation, such as questionnaire surveys, interviews, and symposiums, have the problem of high time costs for collection and analysis. At the same time, the information has been translated multiple times, making it challenging to avoid misunderstandings and errors. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an alternative platform for public participation in the renewal of China’s historic districts. Taking Houzaimen Street in Jinan City as an example, this paper uses the Bayesian network to establish a spatial evaluation model of historic districts. Our aims are to translate natural semantics into the design semantics of the architectural field, accurately locate the spatial problems of the historic district, and provide targeted improvement measures. In this paper, a public feedback channel for Houzaimen Street is established to provide a reference for the renewal of the historic district and the advancement of public participation.

Preface: 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Biological Sciences and Engineering (FBSE 2024)

This proceeding includes original and peer-reviewed research papers from the 7th International Conference on Frontiers of Biological Sciences and Engineering (FBSE 2024) held on July 27-28, 2024 in Jinan City, China. FBSE aims to bring together leading academic scientists, researchers and research scholars to exchange and share their experiences and research results on all aspects of Biological Sciences and Engineering. It also provides a platform for academic scientists, researchers and research scholars, doctors, doctoral students and related professionals to present and discuss the most recent innovations, trends, and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Biological Sciences and Engineering. All authors and participants are kindly encouraged to contribute to and help shape the conference through submissions of their research abstracts, papers and posters. FBSE 2024 received 52 submissions. By submitting a paper to FBSE, the authors agreed to the review process and understood that papers undergo a peer-review process. Manuscripts were reviewed by appropriately qualified experts in the field selected by the Conference Committee, who gave detailed comments and-if the submission was accepted the authors would submit a revised version that took into account this feedback. All papers were reviewed using a double-blind review process: authors declared their names and affiliations in the manuscript for the reviewers to see, but reviewers did not know each other’s identities, nor did the authors receive information about who had reviewed their manuscript. The Committees of FBSE conference invested great efforts in reviewing the papers submitted to the conference and organizing the sessions to enable the participants to gain maximum benefit. Hopefully, all participants and other interested readers will benefit scientifically from the proceedings and also find it stimulating in the process. Paula Cheung Conference Organizing Committee Singapore

Research on the Management of Residents in Resettlement Communities in the Yellow River Beach Area: A Case Study of H Community in Jinan City

In recent years, China has attached great importance to the development of the Yellow River coastal areas and formulated many promotion policies for this purpose. The relocation and resettlement of residents in the Yellow River beach area is one of them. The implementation of this measure has enabled the people in the beach area to move out of the Yellow River coast in an orderly manner, ensuring the safety of residents and making their lives more convenient. At the same time, it also promotes the construction of new rural communities. H community is a typical community for relocation in Huanghe Beach District, Jinan City. This study conducted semi-structured interviews with residents of different identities and occupations in the H community, and conducted field research for a period of time to point out the governance status and difficulties of the H community. Based on the research, suggestions were proposed for similar communities and problems.

Using RS and GIS for risk management of natural disasters consequences: The case of cultural heritage in Jinan city, China

The preservation of cultural heritage is confronted with significant challenges due to its extensive history and the increasing impact of climate change, particularly natural disasters. Instead of solely investing resources in post-disaster restoration efforts, implementing a proactive risk-management strategy for natural disasters is a more effective approach. This study introduces an analytical and evaluative methodology grounded in remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS) to bridge the existing gap in understanding natural disaster risks to cultural heritage sites in Jinan, China. By leveraging a combination of RS data and established methodologies such as the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number, Maximum entropy, and the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the risks posed by various disasters including floods, landslides, earthquakes, and erosion. Furthermore, GIS and the Analytic Hierarchy Process were utilized to facilitate the risk assessment. Detailed disaster risk maps based on these assessments were produced. Our findings revealed that approximately 28.95 % of Jinan's cultural heritage sites face moderate to severe risks from natural disasters. Cultural heritage sites in Changqing District, Gangcheng District, and Laiwu District are particularly vulnerable to such calamities. These outcomes serve as crucial references for enhancing the safeguarding and management of cultural heritage, while informing disaster prevention and mitigation strategies in Jinan.

Enhancing the synergy governance capability of urban communities based on Bayesian network: A case of Jinan city

The rapid pace of urbanization has brought about a plethora of challenges for urban communities, prompting the advocacy of collaborative governance as a means to tackle management issues effectively. However, fostering strong collaboration among multiple governance entities remains a significant hurdle in urban communities governance. This study addresses this challenge by exploring the complex structure of urban communities' collaborative governance systems, with a focus on enhancing collaborative governance capability. Drawing on Bayesian network (BN) theory and utilizing the case of Jinan, this article investigates the intrinsic mechanisms of achieving collaboration in urban communities. This study establishes a Bayesian network model for collaborative governance of urban communities, providing a visual representation of the intricate interactions among multiple governance entities. We employ a data-knowledge-driven approach for BN structure learning. This approach tackles issues such as the lack of cyclic dependency capability and the impact of small datasets on model accuracy. Furthermore, we analyze the collaborative mechanism through Bayesian reasoning. The findings underscore the pivotal entities and five key factors that significantly influence collaborative governance capability. Lastly, policy implications are drawn to enhance the collaborative governance capability of urban communities.

Spatiotemporal changes of urban heat island effect relative to land surface temperature: a case study of Jinan City, China.

The urban heat island (UHI) effect has become increasingly prevalent and significant with the accelerated pace of urbanization, posing challenges for urban planners and policymakers. To reveal the spatiotemporal variations of the urban heat island effect in Jinan City, this study utilized Landsat satellite images from 2009, 2014, and 2019, employing the classic Mono-Window algorithm to extract land surface temperature (LST). Additionally, Geodetector was introduced to conduct a detailed analysis of the relationship between LST in Jinan City and land cover types (vegetation, water bodies, and buildings). The results indicate a significant increase in the severity of the urban heat island effect in Jinan from 2009 to 2019, with the central urban area consistently exhibiting a high-intensity core heat island. Suburban areas of Jinan show a clear trend of merging their heat island effects with the central urban area. The combined area of strong cool island effect zones and cool island effect zones within water bodies reaches 89.7%, while the combined proportion of heat island and strong heat island effect zones in building areas is 62.2%. Vegetation cover (FVC) exerts the greatest influence among all factors on the intensity level of the urban heat island effect. These findings provide a reliable basis for decision-making related to urban planning and construction in Jinan City.