City Of Ekaterinburg Research Articles

Subsurface urban heat island in the city of Ekaterinburg

Research subject. The subsurface thermal field in the city of Ekaterinburg (subsurface urban heat island). Aim. To determine criteria for the anomaly of mean annual subsurface temperatures in Ekaterinburg; to identify patterns of spatial distribution of underground temperatures; to quantify the main factors forming an urban heat island and changes in the heat content of rocks using mathematical modeling. Materials and methods. The main experimental data were obtained during the annual cycle of geothermal studies in observational boreholes of Ekaterinburg (22 boreholes) and surrounding areas (10 boreholes in Degtyarskiy, Verkh-Sysertskiy, Gagarskiy districts). Statistical analysis and mathematical modeling describing the impact of climate, local temperature anomalies of ground surface, and groundwater filtration to the underground thermal field were used when interpreting the obtained data. Results. At a depth of 20 m, the mean annual temperatures being less than 5°C and more than 6°C should be considered as anomalous. The maximum intensity of the urban heat island in Ekaterinburg is confined to densely built-up central areas of the city. The highest temperatures (>10°C) at a depth of 20 m are observed in boreholes located near buildings or directly therein. Here, a rapid decrease in temperature with depth is typical. Moderate anomalies from 6°C to 10°C are observed far from buildings. Remoteness from the central regions apparently plays a more important role in the formation of temperature anomalies than the type of urban surfaces (asphalt, concrete, lawns). Background temperatures (less than 6°C) were recorded in boreholes located outside the Ring Road. An analysis of patterns in the attenuation of annual temperature variations with depth allowed an area with intense vertical filtration (up to 24 m/year) to be identified near the City Pond. The most significant changes in heat content in the range of 10–50 m are associated with heat leakage from the basements of buildings, equaling to (23–46) × 107 J/m2. However, this heat is only hundredths of a percent of the total energy consumption spent on heating. Conclusions. The subsurface urban heat island of a large Russian city has been characterized for the first time. The results obtained can be used when developing a strategy for megacities in changing climate conditions.

Dynamics of benign mammary dysplasia incidence in women over the working age at regional level

Objective. To determine the epidemiological patterns of the incidence and prevalence of benign mammary dysplasia (BMD) in the adult female population over the working age in Sverdlovsk Region and the city of Ekaterinburg in 2012–2021.
 Materials and methods. The incidence and prevalence of BMD in Sverdlovsk Region and Yekaterinburg in 2012–2021 were analyzed in comparative aspect.
 Results. In 2012–2019 BMD incidence among women over the working age was characterized by a tendency to grow in Sverdlovsk Region. Regarding Yekaterinburg, this index was – 0.9 %. The prevalence of BMD in 2014–2019 in the region and the city statistically significantly exceeded the values in 2012 (p 0.001). The average rate of growth in the region and city had a marked dynamics of increase and was 8.08 % and 7.84 %, respectively. In 2020–2921, there was observed a sharp decrease in the regional and city indices. The average rate of growth was – -33.11 %, prevalence – -11.21 %.
 Conclusions. In 2012–2019, the BMD incidence in the female population over the working age was characterized by a moderate tendency to grow in Sverdlovsk Region and the absence of dynamics in Yekaterinburg. Prevalence had a pronounced dynamics of increase in the city and region, that proves a chronic character of the disease and organization of follow-up observation among patients.

Summer coworking as an element of a comfortable urban environment

The paper deals with the problems of improvement and the creation of a comfortable urban environment. An initiative youth project is an idea of creating a summer coworking on the territory of the Ural Federal University in Ekaterinburg. Here, the University can take responsibility for designing the urban environment and involving urban communities in the development of the city. The article presents the concept of creating a creative open space for work and leisure that will unite citizens, as well as raise the issue of using collaborative design in creating a comfortable urban environment. The author’s developments in creating a unique social object-a summer coworking – are presented. Based on real urban practices and the role of the University as a driver of regional development, the authors of the project plan to create a place for open and trusting inter-social communication between representatives of government, business, public associations, and active citizens. The possibilities of points of growth and development of the formed space were also considered. The implementation of the presented project will improve and improve the territory of the city of Ekaterinburg.

A comprehensive study of the city's green infrastructure. The case of Yekaterinburg

The subject of the study is green city infrastructure. The content of the concept ‘green infrastructure’ is expounded, and the reasons why the term ‘green infrastructure’ is now mostly used. Special attention is paid to the structural properties of the green infrastructure, in particular to the main element that ensures its sustainability - the green framework. As a case in point, we considered the condition of the green infrastructure framework in the city of Ekaterinburg. Issues around the green infrastructure framework were identified and described regarding its structural properties. Long-term risks arising from the mismatch between the structural properties of the green infrastructure framework and the needs of city development are assessed. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that we used not only the traditional methods such as mapping, graphical analytic technique, and photo surveying, but also new modern approaches such as geo-referenced data, multispectral space images from which different indices are calculated, in particular combinations of images in different channels. The article shows how different indices can be applied and used to analyze green infrastructure. It is concluded that in a number of cases it is the use of geo-referenced data that allows obtaining unique information about the condition of the green infrastructure and the causes of long-term changes occurring in it. All the identified regularities are used to evaluate the design decisions laid down in the general plan of the city to forecast risks and create recommendations that contribute to the sustainable development of green infrastructure.

Urban planning regulation of the suburban zone of Ekaterinburg

The article outlines the prerequisites for and the concept of modern urban planning regulation of suburban zones around large cities withinin agglomeration settlement systems, where "smart" management of area development is needed on the basis of an algorithm using software methods. The regulation concept was tested with reference to architectural and planning development of the suburban zone around the city of Ekaterinburg. A new approach to the design of settlement systems has been developed based on "smart urban planning" principles. Methodological foundations of architectural design and planning of suburban zones are formulated.

Localization of cultural heritage sites in settlements across Sverdlovsk region. Quantitative chronological characteristic

The article address issues in the protection and preservation of cultural heritage objects in the Sverdlovsk region, Urals, Russia based on the results of a statistical study of the historical and architectural heritage of the Sverdlovsk region beyond the city of Ekaterinburg. The quantitative distribution of objects over settlements is considered and correlated with the number of residents. The principal and secondary historical and architectural centers of the region are identified and characterized, and territories with a small number of cultural heritage sites are highlighted.

Urban planning approaches in the master plans of 1972 and 2004 for Ekaterinburg

From the very first day, the construction of the mill/fortress/town of Ekaterinburg proceeded according to a pre-developed plan. Over its 300-year history, the city of Ekaterinburg (formerly Sverdlovsk) has seen more than 20 schemes and city plans. From the 18th to the 21st century, Ekaterinburg developed as an industrial city. With the adoption of the 2004 Master Plan, the city is writing its history as a megapolis and post-industrial industrial center. The article compares the master plans of Sverdlovsk (1972) and Ekaterinburg (2004) and shows continuity, traditions and innovative ideas in the development of the city. The master plans have similar features, such as compactness along with its increasing area, planned population growth, growing housing construction, expanding street and public transport network, and reconstruction of existing highways and roads, foundation of new districts, relocation of hazardous enterprises from residential areas, development of a sustainable water and landscaping framework – all these present a continuing tradition of these plans. The master plans are different in the rationales that underlie the development and functions of the city, as well as in its configuration, merger with satellite towns, and growth into an urban agglomeration.

Метод измерения среднегодовой ЭРОА торона в современных жилых зданиях

The article is devoted to a new method for determining the average annual value of the equivalent equilibrium concentration (EEC) of thoron in residential buildings. The developed method closes the issue of the lack of instrumental support in the Russian Federation for measuring the average annual and average seasonal value of the thoron EEC in residential premises and workplaces. Using this method, measurements were carried out and the average annual values of EEC for the city of Ekaterinburg were estimated.

Состояние производства и качества плодоовощной продукции

Abstract. Fruits and vegetables play an important role in the human diet. The purpose of the study is to analyze statistical data on the production of agricultural products and the reasons for low consumer satisfaction with the quality of fruits and vegetables and services of the SberMarket online service and develop corrective actions in the system product quality. Research methods are analysis, observation, consumer surveys and quality management approaches to reduce the number of consumer complaints about the quality of products and services. The dynamics of agricultural production in general and crop production, in particular, in Russia from 2013 to 2020 is analyzed, namely, production volumes in actual prices, the gross harvest of potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as the share fruit and vegetable products by produced category of farms . In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, there have been major changes in the fruit and vegetable market, in particular, the sale of goods and fruits and vegetables to certain groups of the population was carried out through online trading services. LLC “Instamart-Servis” (SberMarket) provided customer service through a website and a mobile application in one hundred and thirty-four Russian cities in partnership with the METRO Cash & Carry shopping center chain, as well as with thirty unother stores. The satisfaction of consumers with the quality of products and services of the “SberMarket” online service and with trading enterprises of the city of Ekaterinburg in 2020 and 2021 was studied. Results. The dynamics of economic indicators made it possible to identify trends and opportunities for the development of agricultural production in the country; during the coronavirus pandemic, online trading played an important role in providing consumers with high-quality fruit and vegetable products, however, data from a survey of two hundred and thirty consumers of the “SberMarket” online service made it possible to identify insufficient satisfaction with the quality of products and services, determine the causes of inconsistencies and develop recommendations for improving product quality and services of the “SberMarket” online service. Scientific novelty. The possibilities of increasing the volume of fruit and vegetable production under the conditions of Western sanctions are revealed, both through investment in infrastructure and through the expansion of consumer cooperation to consolidate the fruit and vegetable market with private households, also the necessity of using methodological approaches of quality management to identify the causes of quality inconsistencies and the development of corrective actions in order to increase consumer satisfaction with the quality of products and services of the SberMarket online service, in accordance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001-2015, is substantiated.

Состояние производства и качества плодоовощной продукции

Abstract. Fruits and vegetables play an important role in the human diet. The purpose of the study is to analyze statistical data on the production of agricultural products and the reasons for low consumer satisfaction with the quality of fruits and vegetables and services of the SberMarket online service and develop corrective actions in the system product quality. Research methods are analysis, observation, consumer surveys and quality management approaches to reduce the number of consumer complaints about the quality of products and services. The dynamics of agricultural production in general and crop production, in particular, in Russia from 2013 to 2020 is analyzed, namely, production volumes in actual prices, the gross harvest of potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries, as well as the share fruit and vegetable products by produced category of farms . In the context of the coronavirus pandemic, there have been major changes in the fruit and vegetable market, in particular, the sale of goods and fruits and vegetables to certain groups of the population was carried out through online trading services. LLC “Instamart-Servis” (SberMarket) provided customer service through a website and a mobile application in one hundred and thirty-four Russian cities in partnership with the METRO Cash & Carry shopping center chain, as well as with thirty unother stores. The satisfaction of consumers with the quality of products and services of the “SberMarket” online service and with trading enterprises of the city of Ekaterinburg in 2020 and 2021 was studied. Results. The dynamics of economic indicators made it possible to identify trends and opportunities for the development of agricultural production in the country; during the coronavirus pandemic, online trading played an important role in providing consumers with high-quality fruit and vegetable products, however, data from a survey of two hundred and thirty consumers of the “SberMarket” online service made it possible to identify insufficient satisfaction with the quality of products and services, determine the causes of inconsistencies and develop recommendations for improving product quality and services of the “SberMarket” online service. Scientific novelty. The possibilities of increasing the volume of fruit and vegetable production under the conditions of Western sanctions are revealed, both through investment in infrastructure and through the expansion of consumer cooperation to consolidate the fruit and vegetable market with private households, also the necessity of using methodological approaches of quality management to identify the causes of quality inconsistencies and the development of corrective actions in order to increase consumer satisfaction with the quality of products and services of the SberMarket online service, in accordance with the requirements of GOST R ISO 9001-2015, is substantiated.

Ekaterinburg city development in the experience economy context

The article discusses the socio-economic aspects of the development of the city of Ekaterinburg from the standpoint of the cultural and entertainment potential of its development. The authors examined the dynamics of the development of the quest industry in the Russian Federation within the framework of the experience economy. The main development trends in the field of entertainment are identified. Collected, analyzed and systematized statistical and economic indicators characterizing the current state of the entertainment industry in the post-pandemic period of economic development of the country and the city of Ekaterinburg. The most competitive areas of the entertainment industry have been identified. Based on consumer preferences, the authors formulated conclusions about the further growth of the market share of quest services in the total volume of entertainment services in the city of Ekaterinburg.

Особенности привлечения несовершеннолетних к уголовной ответственности на примере преступлений против общественной безопасности, совершенных на территории муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург»

Особенности привлечения несовершеннолетних к уголовной ответственности на примере преступлений против общественной безопасности, совершенных на территории муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург»

The image of Ekaterinburg in the Belarusian regional media

The article attempts to present the image of the city of Yekaterinburg in the Belarusian regional media for the first time. This topic is relevant in the context of intensive development of Belarusian­Russian relations. In the course of discourse and content analysis, based on the publications for 2020–2023, extracted from the websites of six Belarusian regional media, 11 thematic groups of contexts with the mention of Ekaterinburg were identified: “transport communication”, “sports”, “art”, “diplomatic relations of Belarus and Russia” and etc. The proportion of publications about Yekaterinburg with a neutral, negative and positive tonality in the discourse of the Belarusian regional media has been determined. The results obtained can contribute to the formation of the media policy of the city of Ekaterinburg in the Belarusian regional media in order to create an attractive image of the city for people with high human potential.

Settlement of Non-Ethnic Migrants as a Factor of Cultural Integration With the Host Community

The article analyzes the problem of resettlement of migrants from Central Asian countries in Russian cities using the example of the city of Ekaterinburg. The author shows the positive role of the diffuse type of settlement in the cultural integration of migrants referring to the results of surveys of Yekaterinburg residents and non­ethnic migrants. The creation of migrant enclaves within Russian cities creates precedents for misunderstanding between locals and newcomers in relation to each other.

Onomastic Space of Ekaterinburg: Level-Based Markers of Regional Identity

The paper examines the onomastic space of the city of Ekaterinburg containing regional linguocultural information through the lens of a three-level model of onymic identity markers as “part of the collective regional identity manifested in general language and speech activity” (Marina V. Golomidova). This space is formed by a set of urban proper names with different scope of reference — from the astyonym naming the city, through urbanonyms naming districts, streets, and other urban topographical objects, to advertising names in the broad sense of the word. On the first level, the authors describe the stages of the city’s renaming (Ekaterinburg / Sverdlovsk), analyze colloquial stylistic variants of the astyonym, identify figurative appellations motivated by the modern socio-political situation. The class of urbanonyms, markers of the second level of regional identity, includes the names of streets, squares, parks, alleys, boulevards, districts, metro stations, individual buildings, as well as names of residential complexes. Amongst this variety, several naming themes related to the regional features of Ekaterinburg were identified and analyzed. The third level of regional identity markers is a group of advertising names regarded as any product name in the broadest sense of the word: these are the names of commercial enterprises (ergonyms), names of mass media (hemeronyms), names of festivals, competitions, concerts (georthonyms), names vehicles (poreonyms). These names are coined for marketing needs and pursue the ideas of the name giver. The large number of regionally marked advertising names in the onomastic space of Ekaterinburg indicates to the residents’ awareness of the unique character of the territory, the positivity of its perception, emotional connection, and regional identity. Advertising names continue and develop the naming themes set by the previous levels.

Археологическое наследие на территории Муниципального образования «город Екатеринбург»: общий обзор, итоги инвентаризации 2023 г.

There are almost all types of archaeological monuments (settlements, burial grounds, pictograms, ancient production sites) on the territory of the municipal formation of the city of Ekaterinburg, most of them are represented by settlements located along the banks of watercourses and lakes. The dating of the sites covers a wide range from the Mesolithic to the Late Iron Age. At the same time, no more than 10 % of the sites have been explored. The number of archaeological sites in the Ekaterinburg municipality as of 2023 totals 124 objects (according to the State Security authorities). At 66 objects of cultural (archaeological) heritage, the boundaries of the distribution of the cultural layer are defined, and information about them is included in the Unified Register of Objects of Cultural Heritage of Russia. The remaining sites are in the status of identified objects of cultural (archaeological) heritage. They have yet to be added to the register. This article presents a general overview and characteristics of objects of cultural (archaeological) heritage located within the modern boundaries of the municipal formation of the city of Ekaterinburg. It also considers the results of work to determine the boundaries of the spread of the cultural layer on objects of cultural (archaeological) heritage from 2013 to 2022, necessary for entering information about sites in the state cadaster of real estate, methodology and prospects of work in this direction, as well as the need to define the boundaries of all scientifically significant archaeological heritage sites on the territory of Ekaterinburg.

Short-term effect of COVID-19 lockdowns on atmospheric CO2, CH4 and PM2.5 concentrations in urban environment.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed all areas of human activity as it forced the authorities around the world to enact unprecedented restrictions such as “lockdowns”. The low economic activity reduced the anthropogenic impact on the environment, in particular, greenhouse gases and aerosols emissions were decreased. However, the associated change in air quality is difficult to directly observe and quantify, since concentrations of these components in urban areas are affected by many other factors. In this work statistical analysis of atmospheric CO2, CH4 and PM2.5, measured in 2017–2020 in the city of Ekaterinburg, Russia, are presented. A detailed focus was made on the lockdown period from March 28 to April 30, 2020. A significant decrease in concentrations and inter-hourly variations of all studied components were observed only in the short “self-isolation” period from April 6 to April 8. The anthropogenic origin of this effect, primarily associated with the reduction in vehicular traffic, was concluded from mean diurnal cycles and air temperature correlations of all components. A decrease in the difference between measured and background CO2 and CH4 mole fractions was also found during this period. The difference was 1.3±0.2 ppm for CO2 and 8±4 ppb for CH4, which was many times lower than during any other observed periods, suggesting a short-term effect of lockdown restrictions. Overall, a negative impact on the atmosphere quickly resumed after the recovery of economic activity. The approaches in this study can be used to detect weak fluctuations of atmospheric components in other urban territories.

Radial growth of Scots pine in urban and rural populations of Ekaterinburg megalopolis

Eleven stands of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the city of Ekaterinburg and its surroundings were sampled and analyzed using dendrochronological methods to detect the effects of climate, biotic and anthropogenic factors on the annual growth of trees. Tree-ring chronologies were developed for six sites within the city and for five control sites. All chronologies were highly and positively correlated before the 1940s. However, after this period, there was a significant decrease in the correlation among chronologies from urban and rural sites. Divergence lasted about 20 years. This firstly has an anthropogenic cause, mainly due to the evacuation in 1941 of more than 60 industrial factories to Sverdlovsk (now Ekaterinburg), which generated a significant increase in air pollution. Environmental pollution seems to negatively affect tree growth. In the early 1950s, trees in the region also suffered from severe droughts. The results of climate and historical data analysis suggest that the trees on urban sites were weakened by both climate and air pollution factors, which led to a massive nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.) infestation of trees. Defoliation led to a drastic reduction in tree-ring width and, in some cases, to the complete loss of annual rings. The recovery period lasted 10–15 years on average. Rural populations were much less affected by the insect outbreak. After urban populations of pine recovered in the 1960s, radial growth of urban and rural populations became synchronized again.

Nikolai Myaskovsky – 140th birth anniversary. Rediscovering the composer in the present times

Abstract On the occasion of the 140th anniversary of composer Nikolai Myaskovsky’s birth, in the spring of 2021, in the city of Ekaterinburg there took place the Myaskovsky Dialogues festival dedicated entirely to the Russian composer, being one of the few musical events with a musical programme based on his works. Known as the “father” of the Soviet symphony, Nikolai Myaskovsky was one of the pillars of resistance in Russian music culture in the first half of the 20th century, managing to maintain a stylistic balance between traditional genres, harmonic language with innovative tendencies, ideas promoted within the new political system and a neutral way of integrating communist ideals musically. Although his contemporaries perceived him with respect and consideration, N. Myaskovsky was discredited after the tensions and political events of 1948, entering a shadow zone during the Cold War, until the fall of the Iron Curtain. Therefore, it was only in the last three decades that he was rediscovered in the music world, due to the interest given to his works by well-known conductors such as E. Svetlanov, V. Gergiev, V. Petrenko, V. Jurowski. In this paper, our aim is to accomplish a historical perspective on N. Myaskovsky’s rediscovery and his approach in concert programs, records, reviews, chronicles, articles, musicological studies, papers and volumes from the 1970s to the present.

Illegitimate Fertility in the Urals During the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

Out-of-wedlock births are one of the important aspects of the demographic history in late imperial Russia. The percentage of children born to unwed mothers in the Russian Empire during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was lower than the general average in European countries. However, in the specific context of the Russian demographic order, with earlier age at marriage and more universal nuptiality than in Europe generally, the study of out-of-wedlock births and especially their spatial distribution, acquires special significance. This work is aimed at studying the dynamics of out-of-wedlock births in Perm province in the decades around 1900. The authors pay particular attention to out-of-wedlock births in the city of Ekaterinburg, using official statistics and the “Ural Population Project” database, URAPP based on parish registers with vital events in five city parishes. The authors reconstruct the dynamics of out-of-wedlock births in each of the twelve Perm province counties, reflecting a general downward trend, especially in counties containing a significant proportion of Old Believers. It is established that the average level of illegitimate births among the rural population was 4%, and in cities — 9%. The out-of-wedlock birth rate increased during times of wars and social upheavals, especially in cities differing from parish to parish. In St Epiphany parish of Ekaterinburg, the illegitimate birth rate reached 41% during the famine of 1892. Concurrently, at least 11% of the women, including some from relatively wealthy families, baptised up to seven “illegitimate” children in the parish. This gives grounds to perceive the phenomenon of out-of-wedlock births not only because of the unfortunate circumstances for young women, but also as a sign of modernisation in the sphere of family and marriage relations, slowed down by archaic legislation.