City In Karnataka Research Articles

Assessment of Physicochemical Quality and Challenges of Municipal Sewage Water in Manchalapur Village in the Karnataka, India

The present study was carried out on characterization of municipal sewage water tank of Manchalapur village near Raichur city in Karnataka. The water samples were collectedeight times from four different locations like inlet, outlet and water spreading area of the Manchalapur tank during the year 2018-2019 in monsoon and post monsoon season. The collected water samples were analyzed for the water quality parameters by using standard procedure. The results obtained were compared with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and Bureau of India Standards (IS 2296:1992) water quality requirements for irrigation. The results showed that pH (7.89, 8.54), Electrical Conductivity (1.41, 1.48 dSm-1), Total Dissolved Solids (929.63, 1031.56 mg L-1), Carbonate (2.15, 0.86 mg L-1), Bicarbonate (7.71,4.99 mg L-1), Nitrate (26.90, 34.09 mg L-1), Phosphate (9.85, 6.20 mg L-1), Calcium (3.38, 2.77 mg L-1), magnesium (5.16, 4.13 mg L-1), Sodium (0.85, 0.92 mg L-1), Biological Oxygen Demand (1396.88, 1252.31 mg L-1), Chemical Oxygen Demand (14480, 8573.0 mg L-1), Dissolved Oxygen (7.91, 8.02 mg L-1) and turbidity (13.33, 8.77 NTU) for monsoon and post monsoon respectively. All the water quality parameters were within the recommended range of irrigation standards except the parameters BOD, COD, DO and turbidity. The results could be applicable advice to farmers and agricultural researchers for proper management and use of tank water for agricultural purpose.

SOCIAL MEDIA AND SUSTAINABLE EDUCATION

In the present developing world Sustainable development plays a vital role. Education is one of the major goals to be achieved in sustainable development. It can be done with the help of social media. A life without social media is unimaginable. Excessive usage of social media has adverse effects on sustainable education. Social media which surrounds everyone in modern society affects both time and work activities. It is affecting the minds of youths and their education as they are considered to be the immediate future. On the other hand, it is used for different forms of communication and exchange of information which was not available in the past. Social media acts as a principal factor in transforming and shaping the lives of a student in different ways. The level of dependency on these social media platforms is leading to addiction but how can we retain sustainable education? Students are the vulnerable group in society to be addicted and face health problems. The study is designed to examine the impact of social media which is contributing towards sustainable education. With this idea the paper attempts to examine the use use and purpose of using social media by the students and to evaluate the positive and negative impacts of social media on sustainable education. The study was conducted among professional colleges of Mangalore as it is one of the smart city in Karnataka and it has wider scope for urbanization. Key words: Education, mental health of students, Sustainable education and development

A RESEARCH STUDY ON IMPACT OF FASTGROWING HYPERMARKETS ON THE SMALL SCALE BUSINESS

The rapid growth of modern organized retail in India contrasts starkly with the persistently dominant unorganized retail sector, which constitutes around 80% of the countrys retail trade. This study investigates the effects of this dynamic on small retailers, shedding light on the changes, challenges, and strategies faced by such businesses. Focusing on Mangalore, a rapidly developing city in Karnataka, the research examines how organized retail, specifically supermarkets, impacts local unorganized small businesses. Employing a Random Sampling Method, various retail formats are studied, employing a SWOT analysis framework via a structured questionnaire. The studys findings underscore that supermarkets in the targeted region indeed exert detrimental effects on various types of unorganized retail businesses, resulting in job losses. Furthermore, the study uncovers the driving factors behind supermarket expansion from the vantage point of small businesses. Methodology: Through Random Sampling, diverse retail formats are included. A structured questionnaire underpins the SWOT analysis framework, providing a comprehensive understanding of both sectors strategies and business plans. The goal is to facilitate the survival of small businesses by offering valuable insights and techniques, bolstered by rigorous statistical analytics and research. Findings: The research establishes that supermarkets growth in the selected Indian suburban region negatively impacts unorganized retail businesses across the spectrum. Additionally, the expansion of supermarkets directly contributes to job losses in small retail enterprises. Small businesses perspectives shed light on the principal driver propelling the supermarket boom. The study unveils the strategies and plans employed by supermarkets, which in turn informs suggestions to enhance strategies for small businesses. It also offers a systematic approach to customer engagement, emphasizing product quality. Originality: This research tackles contemporary market challenges faced by small businesses with a robust foundation of data and empirical evidence. By employing statistical analytics and a comprehensive research approach, the study provides unique insights into the coexistence of organized and unorganized retail sectors, contributing to the ongoing discourse on retail market dynamics.

Role of CBNAAT in Diagnosing of Extra-Pulmonary Tuberculosis at a Tertiary Care Centre in a City of Karnataka: A Cross Sectional Study

Background: Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test(CBNAAT) detects the presence of TB bacilli and also Rifampicin susceptibility.This test is currentlyrecommended as a ‘‘first line’’ fast diagnostic test inhigh TB burden countries like India.Aim & Objective: 1. To assess the yield of CBNAAT in detecting extra-pulmonary tuberculosis for patient attending S.S.I.M.S & RC, Davanagere.2. To assess the Rifampicin susceptibility in samples of presumptive extra-pulmonary TB patients using CBNAAT.Settings and Design: Cross sectional study was conducted among the patients after screening them with symptoms suggestive of extra-pulmonary TB coming to S. S.I.M.S & RC. Davangere.Methods and Material: 107 samples were collected and subjected to CBNAAT for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin Susceptibility.Statistical analysis used: chi square test was applied to find out the association between Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis with demographiccharacteristics and to find out the association between CBNAAT with demographic characteristics.Results: The yield of CBNAAT was of sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 98.7%, Positive predictive value (PPV) of 96.9%, Negative predictive value(NPV) was 100% and Accuracy was 99.1%.Conclusions: This study reinforces the importance of CBNAAT which has an impact on early detection, treatment and outcome of Extra-pulmonary Tuberculosis.

Homemakers’ Attitude towards Solid Waste Management in Urban Area of Hubli-Dharwad

Proper waste management is a major concern of public health. It is necessary to create positive behavioral changes toward waste management among the public to control diseases. Objectives were to determine the attitude toward solid waste management among the households of Hubli - Dharwad city in Karnataka, India. A community based cross sectional study was conducted in 67 wards of Hubli- Dharwad city located in the Dharwad district of Karnataka state from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 400 households were studied and multistage sampling was done. Data was collected by direct interview using a pre-questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software. The participants responsible for waste management in the household were women. Out of the 400 participants, 83%, 11% and 6% were Hindus, Muslims and Christians respectively. The majority of them (82%) had an educational qualification of high school and were housewives. About 47% of the study population belongs to the upper middle class. Their major sources of information about solid waste management were Self Help Groups (SHGs). In the study, 93.8% of the studied population had above average attitudes and 6.2% had below average attitudes toward household waste management. Almost 70% had the belief that the government is not doing anything to fix the garbage problem. About 97%, 88.6% and 92% were willing to do composting, segregation and recycling of waste respectively. . Continuous awareness programs have to be conducted on safe waste disposal and efforts should be made to sustain the supervision of household waste management.

Katerina Kimmorley and Pollinate Group: eradicating energy poverty by empowering women through solar energy

Study level/applicability MBA/MS level programs. Subject area Social entrepreneurship, sustainability and business strategy. Case overview The case discusses about how social entrepreneur Katerina Kimmorley founded Pollinate Energy with five of her friends to provide solar lights to the urban slum dwellers in Bengaluru, the capital city of Karnataka, a state in the Southern part of India. The company recruited people known as “Pollinators” for distributing their solar lights to the communities on installments making it affordable to them. To scale-up its sustainable energy initiatives and expand its global reach, Pollinate Energy merged with the US-based solar energy company Empower Generation in 2018 to form Pollinate Group. Since the company was making losses and was a nonprofit organization, the new CEO of Pollinate Group Sujatha Ramani and the senior management team had to tackle the challenge of scaling up the company while financially empowering women microentrepreneurs from marginalized communities. Expected learning outcomes Study Pollinate Energy’s business model and explore ways in which it can be made sustainable. Discuss the personality traits of Kimmorley which contributed to her success. Discuss how the merger with Empower Generation will help Pollinate Group in expanding its global reach. Explore ways in which the venture can be scaled up further. Social implications Pollinate Group focused on women empowerment to tackle the gender inequality challenge. The company provided equal opportunities for men and women, thereby removing discrimination from access to opportunities, sources, services and promotion of equal rights. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 3: Entrepreneurship

Bio-psychosocial experiences, challenges and coping strategies of home isolated patients with Corona virus disease (COVID-19) -A qualitative study from an urban city in Karnataka, India

The Anatolian Journal of Family Medicine is an international periodical on family medicine and primary health care, published three times a year on independent, unbiased, double-blinded and peer-review principles.

Cloud based Forecast of Municipal Solid Waste Growth using AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average Model: A Case Study for Bengaluru

Forecasting the quantity of waste growth in upcoming years is very much required for assessing the existing waste management system. In this research work, time series forecast model, ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), is used to predict future waste growth from 2021 to 2028 for Bengaluru, largest city in Karnataka. Eight years old historical solid waste dataset from 2012 to 2020 is used to make predictions. This dataset is preprocessed and only time bounded variables like days, month, year and waste quantity in tons are used in this research work to obtain accurate prediction. The model is implemented in python in Google Colab free cloud’s Jupyter notebook. As ARIMA is time bounded, forecast made by the model is accurate and performance of the model is evaluated using metrics such as Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2). Outcomes revealed that ARIMA (0, 1, 2) model with the lowermost RMSE (753.5742), MAD (577.4601), and MAPE (11.6484) values and the maximum R2 (0.9788) value has a greater forecast performance. The outcomes attained from the model also showed that the total volume of yearly solid waste to be produced will rise from about 50,300 tons in 2021 to 75,600 tons in 2028.

Anatomical Variations of Uncinate Process in a Tertiary Care Hospital of a Coastal city in Karnataka

Introduction: Superior attachment of uncinate process is the most important anatomical landmark in frontal recess surgery. The uncinate process is an integral struc­ture of osteomeatal complex and prevents the direct contact of the inspired air with the maxillary sinus. It acts as a shield and also plays a role in muco-ciliary activity. Anatomic variations of the uncinate process have surgical implications.
 Aim: This study was done to know the different variations of superior attachment of uncinate process.
 Materials and Methods: In this retrospective observational descriptive study, Computed Tomography (CT) scans of Para Nasal Sinuses (PNS) of 256 patients from Sept 2018 to May 2020 were studied. The results were expressed in percentages and proportions.
 Results: Among 256 CT images, 139 belonged to males and 117 females. In the CT films examined, on the right side, the most common attachment of uncinate was to lamina papyracea which was (64.8%) followed by skull base (19.5%) and to the middle turbinate(15.6%). Similar findings were seen on left side.
 Conclusion: Uncinate process shows different variations in its superior attachment. Superior attachment to lamina papyracea was the most common attachment of uncinate in our study.

Spatial Distribution Pattern of Fluoride and Nitrate in Groundwater Using Advanced Technical Tool - A GIS Approach

In order to detect the fluoride and nitrate content of the ground water in Koppal city in Karnataka, India and also for its spatial distribution mapping, an experimental work was taken up by selecting 25 bore wells from different stations in and around Koppal city. Ground water samples were collected for both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons and fluoride and nitrate was detected using standard methodology. Locations and altitudes of the selected bore wells were also noted using GPS instrument. Fluoride and Nitrate content, its spatial distribution mapping has been drawn using advanced technical tool (GIS) for the study area. Spatial map has been prepared using an inverse distance weighting technique, which indicates the fluoride and Nitrate content in the study area. The maximum content fluoride was noticed in the Hemareddi Mallamma Nagar, KGW-11 (3.77mg/L) while the minimum was observed in Chikkabaganal, KGW-1(0.97 mg/L). The maximum content of Nitrate was recorded in the Veerapur, KGW-16 (73.98 mg/L) but Dadegal, KGW-13 (13.08 mg/L) showed minimum during the study period.

A Comparative Study on the Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception toward Hazardous Medical Waste Produced at Home in a Coastal City of Karnataka, India

Abstract Introduction Hazardous healthcare waste produced at home contributes to approximately 0.5% of biomedical waste, and although potentially infectious, is often discarded with other domestic wastes. The study aimed to quantify and compare types and patterns of biomedical waste generated in homes and to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding biomedical waste among selected urban and rural households in the coastal area of Mangalore city in Karnataka. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in households consisting of rural and urban field practice areas of a tertiary care hospital in coastal Karnataka from November 2017 to February 2018. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire on knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding healthcare waste generated at home was assessed. Qualitative variables of the waste segregation practice, types of biomedical waste, the knowledge, perception, and attitude to practices regarding biomedical waste were expressed in percentages proportions and analyzed using SPSS v.20. Results Baby diapers were the most common hazardous waste. The number of baby diapers produced daily in rural and urban areas was 32 (42.7%) and 64 (85.3%), respectively. The urban households had better knowledge of possible hazardous healthcare waste at home, 28 (37.33%) compared with 7 (9.3%) in rural households. Seventy-one (94.7%) urban and 49 (65.3%) rural households had a favorable attitude toward the disposal of hazardous domestic biomedical waste. Conclusion The knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hazardous healthcare waste produced at the household level were better among urban households compared with rural households.

A Study on Work Stress and its Impact on the Productivity of The Teaching Faculty of Higher Educational Institutions in Bangalore City

The present study focuses on understanding the importance the education in the development of every individual in the society as it immensely contributes for the development of both the individual as well as the nation at large. However from the literature available on this concept reveals fact that emergence of business dynamics and academics no longer remains to be a profession which is stress free. Increased globalization and competition in Indian economy has made the teaching profession more dynamic and challenging. The roles and responsibilities to be performed by the faculty members in the educational institutions are not confined only to teaching rather they are expected to perform lot of duties and responsibilities towards institutional capacity building activities. The paper identifies various common stressors experienced by faculty members working in the colleges of Bangalore city in Karnataka.

An examination of the relationship between perceived service quality and patients’ satisfaction towards healthcare services

This study attempted to measure the influence of various hospital service quality on patient's satisfaction. This study identified five dimensions of hospital service quality. These are: Clinical Care, Admission Procedure, Reliability, Trust, and Infrastructure. This study was conducted in Bellary city in Karnataka. This study employed the questionnaire method to collect data from the patients. The examination findings have huge implications for hospital administrators. This study can also be used as a tool by the hospital administrator to recognise various dimensions of hospital service quality where improvements are needed to enhance patient’s satisfaction. Keywords: Clinical care, Trust, Reliability, Infrastructure, Service quality.

Auditory and non-auditory health effects of noise exposure among people working near traffic junctions in Mysuru city, Karnataka

Background: To assess the prevalence of health effects of noise exposure and the factors associated with it among people occupationally exposed to traffic noise in Mysuru city in Karnataka.Methods: A community based crossectional study was conducted for two months in Mysuru city in Karnataka. The sample size was calculated to be 280 and study participants were recruited from 70 selected locations in the city including all major traffic junctions with signal or traffic police control, covering all regions in the city. Four samples were assessed from each location by history taking and the ambient sound level was recorded from each location using a sound level meter. Data were entered in microsoft excel and analysed using SPSS version 22.Results: The prevalence of hearing loss among the study participants was 5.7% and 1.8% of people complained of tinnitus. Among the study participants, 8.9% had hypertension, 1.1% had cardiovascular disorders, 8.2% had sleeplessness, 6.4% had anxiety, 2.9% had irritability, and 5.7% reported a reduction working efficiency. The proportion of study participants with at least one health effect noise exposure was 26.07%. Only age group was significantly associated with the development of health effects among the exposed individuals.Conclusions: An alarming proportion of people working near traffic areas in Mysuru city are exposed to higher levels of noise and more than 25% of them show symptoms of auditory and/ or non-auditory health effects of noise pollution.

Is what is known enough? Knowledge, perception and competencies on reproductive and sexual health issues of nursing students from a Metropolitan City, Karnataka

Nurses, by nature of their training and experience, are expected to be proficient in addressing sensitive issues, including reproductive and sexual health (RSH). However, health-care professionals are known to struggle with their personal and professional views with respect to these concerns. It is important to determine what young nursing students know and perceive about RSH issues and how they assess their own abilities to address these issues. Cross-sectional sample of 723 1st year nursing students of the undergraduate and diploma programmes, enrolled in eight institutions in a metropolitan city in Karnataka, South India, were selected purposively for this survey. Data were obtained through a self-administered questionnaire under four main sections as follows: (i) baseline information of the student; (ii) assessment of knowledge on 'growing up issues', 'prevention of pregnancy' and 'sexually transmitted infections including HIV;' (iii) understanding perceptions of students on RSH and (iv) self-assessed competency of students. Overall knowledge scores of students were below average (

Sustainable Urban Transport Indicators: Case of Mega Cities of India

The modern urban economies, in struggle to keep up with the pace of economic growth are suffering from issues of sustainability in transportation, imposing huge costs on the economy. Major reasons for the unsustainability in transportations can be listed as, a) issue of accessibility, b) lack of efficiency and c) diminishing air quality. This paper tries to evaluate these issues for megacities of India from dimensional principles of sustainability. The paper tried to evaluate the indicators of sustainability by adopting the famous three-dimensional principles to the major mega cities of the country. The findings from this paper are quite interesting to note that, the major mega cities are suffering from unsustainable transport system. To have a deeper look, Bengaluru, emerging mega city of Karnataka, is analysed by bringing new dimension called, institutional sustainability . By evaluating, economic, social, environmental and institutional sustainability with relevant benchmarks, the result showed that, in all respect mega cities of India and more specifically, Bengaluru city is experiencing unsustainable growth of transport sector which needs urgent attention of the policy makers.

Universal hearing screening in newborns: experience in a tertiary care hospital of Mangalore, Karnataka, India

Background: The aim of the study was to do universal hearing screening of all newborns using otoacoustic emission (OAE), to know the incidence and risk factors of hearing loss in neonates.Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore city in Karnataka. 950 neonates were screened with distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) during the study period of one year from 2017 to 2018. A repeat test was done at one and a half months of age if the first test failed. Auditory brain stem evoked response (ABER) was performed at 3 months of age if both the tests failed. Babies with hearing loss were referred to ENT specialist for further management. Comparison of the variables was done by student’s t test and Chi-square test. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the 950 newborns screened with DPOAE test, 204 (21.4 %) babies had abnormal screen either in single or both ears. 7 out of 204 (3.43%) babies had abnormal OAE on repeat testing at one and half months. 2 out of 7 babies (0.96 %) had significant hearing loss ABER was performed at 3 months of age.Conclusions: Early identification by screening of hearing loss prevents a significant public health concern. Early recognition and intervention prior to 6 months have a significant positive impact on development.

Caring for you is straining me! -Strain among the informal caregivers of the elderly attending Health Centres of a Coastal City in Karnataka

Background: Census 2011 estimated 104 million elderly in India. Unprecedented demand for informal caregivers of elderly has resulted in physical, emotional and economic difficulties called caregiver strain. Aim & Objective: To determine the association between levels of strain among informal caregivers and the dependency levels of the elderly. Material & Methods: A cross-sectional study during January -March 2018 was conducted in the health centres attached to field practice areas of a tertiary care hospital. Data collection was done using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire after informed consent from elderly and informal caregivers meeting the inclusion criteria. Statistical Analysis used: Data was entered in MS Excel and analysed using SPSS version 20. Percentages and proportions of Activities of daily living (ADL) and informal caregiver strain of Modified Caregivers Strain Index (MSCI) and their scores were expressed in median and interquartile range. Spearman’s Rho was used to determine the association of ADL and MCSI scores. Results: 47.5% of informal caregivers experienced mild stress; 70 % of the 200 elderly were fully functional. Strain level of the informal caregivers showed a negative correlation (0.557) with the dependency level of the elderly. Conclusion: With increasing dependency level of elderly, informal caregiver strain should be assessed.

Profile of Mortalities due to Alcohol and Drug Consumption in Road and Rail Traffic Accidents in Mangaluru, a Coastal City of Karnataka, India

Objective: Several studies have demonstrated that driving under influence of alcohol and psychoactive drugs increases the risk of fatal accidents & hence increased mortality rates. This paper presents a retrospective study of Road & Rail traffic accidents in Mangaluru. Method: Over a six-year period (2010-2015), a total of 5226 autopsies were conducted at Govt. Wenlock Hospital, Mangaluru out of which 1261 were Vehicular accidents (1117 - Road, 144 - Rail) .Various parameters were looked in these cases such as age groups, gender, type of Vehicle involved, Victim status, time of day, day of the week (weekdays/weekend), Season, type of intoxication, accident site etc. Results: 15.85% (n = 177) of all the Road Traffic Deaths & 9.72% (n=14) of all Rail deaths occurred as a consequence of either alcohol (16.83%, n=188/191) or drug overdose (n=3). 42.93% of victims belonged to 56 and above age group. Most commonly the e the vehicle which were involved in accident were motorcycles (around 51.83% cases). Conclusions: The results of this study reveals a strong positive association between the presence of alcohol and psychoactive drugs in road & rail traffic accident victims. The matter of grave concern is increasing trend of drunken driving leading to fatal accidents among adolescent age-groups especially in motorcycle vehicles.

Socio-Demographic, Somatic and Disease Profile of Cancer Patients in Tertiary Care Centres of a City in Karnataka, India

Socio-Demographic, Somatic and Disease Profile of Cancer Patients in Tertiary Care Centres of a City in Karnataka, India