Citrus Experiment Station Research Articles

Effects of various soil structure and irrigation regimes on rio-red grapefruit yield and morpo-physiology

The research was carried out in 2011 using Rio-Red grapefruit trees in Research Station of Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Citrus experiment Station, Adana Latitude, 5°2 ’ N Longitude, 6°50’ E, altitude 27 m).In the study, it was aimed to determine the effects of the amount of irrigation water applied at different levels to the trees growing in soils of different soil texture on fruit development and yield, tree trunk development, tree canopy volume development, leaf area index(LAI) and photosynthesis rate. The research area soils contain three different groups in terms of resistivity values and the trees are grown in soils electrical conductivity (ECa) with T1: 86-109, T2: 23-37 and T3: 62-72 ECavalues.In the experiment, three different irrigation levels I100, I70 and I50 water was applied. The average amount of irrigation water applied to grapefruit trees ranged from 332,48 mm (I100) to 178,92 mm (I50). Actual plant water consumption was between 810.5 mm (I100) and 694.4 mm (I50) according to the water budget method. Yields related to irrigation on trees in the plot varied between 883 (I70) and 828 (I50) kg per tree on average. It has been determined as 1050 kg on average from the fully irrigated I100. Photosynthesis values were measured as 2.64 umol/m2/s for I50, 3.48 umol/m2/s for I70 and 4.77 umol/m2/s for I100. Consequently, the effects of irrigation treatmentson fruit yield are not statistically significant, water reduction can be recommended for the region in order to save water for the farmers in this study.

Growth and yield of orange (Washington Navel 141) grafted on different citrus rootstocks

Abstract. This investigation was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 in the field of the citrus experimental station in Ciano, the general corps of scientific agricultural researches. The growth and yield of orange trees (Washington navel 141) budded on seven citrus rootstocks (Sour orange, Troyer citrange, Carrizo citrange, Citrumelo 4475, Citrumelo 1452, Macrophylla and Cleopatra mandarin) and farmed since 1989 have been studied. The results for the average of yield showed that the trees grafted on Cleopatra mandarin (58.33 kg. tree-1) were significantly superior to those grafted on Macrophylla (34.17 kg. tree-1). Orange trees grafted on Citrumelo 4475 and Citrumelo 1452 were significantly superior to other treatments in trunk section area of the rootstock (922.41 and 841.02 cm2, respectively). The greatest fruit fresh weight was in trees grafted on Citrumelo 4475 (284.85 g. fruit-1) which were significantly superior to those grafted on Carrizo and Troyer citrange (232.49 and 236.06 g. fruit-1, respectively). The biggest total soluble solids (%) was in trees grafted on Carrizo and Troyer citrange (12.83% for both treatments) which were significantly superior to those grafted on Sour orangе and Macrophylla (11.5% for both treatments), while the greatest total acids (%) was by Sour orange (2.08%) without significant differences.

HLB Progress on Tahiti acid lime grafted onto eight rootstocks

The State of São Paulo is the main Tahiti (Persian) lime producer in Brazil with 65% of 43,000 ha grown in Brazil.  In 2003, an experiment was planted in the Citrus Experimental Station (EECB), Bebedouro, Northern São Paulo State, with the objective of characterizing the performance of Tahiti acid lime grafted onto eight rootstocks: Davis A and Flying Dragon trifoliate oranges, Swingle citrumelo, HRS 849 [“citradia 1708” (Argentina trifoliate orange x Smooth Flat Sevile)], Morton citrange, Rangur lime and Volkamer lemon, at 8 x 5 m spacing. In 2004, citrus huanglongbing (HLB), was first reported in the São Paulo State and the trees in the experiment started to show HLB symptoms in 2009. From July 2010 to May 2012, disease severity was evaluated four times and the bacteria titer quantified once. The numbers of qPCR positive replications were in a range of five to eight. Severity data was used to calculate the area under the disease severity progress curve (AUDSPC). The data were analyzed by Fisher LSD test (5%). Flying Dragon and Davis A trifoliate oranges, and Swingle citrumelo, had lower values of AUDSPC, differing from Morton citrange, Orlando tangelo, Rangpur lime and Volkamer lemon. The citradia HRS 849 [citradia 1708 (Argentina trifoliate orange x Smooth Flat Sevile) had intermediate behavior. The canopies were removed but the rootstocks are still alive, so, new studies using the rootstock’s new shoots and the roots will be done aiming to quantify Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus titer in them and to confirm the rootstock’s tolerance identified in the canopies.

Evidence that ‘flying dragon’ trifoliate orange delays HLB symptom expression for four sweet orange cultivars, Tahiti lime and Okitsu mandarin

Huanglongbing (HLB), caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus and vectored by Diaphorina citri, was first reported in 2004 in Brazil and is currently widespread in Sao Paulo State. Brazil is the world’s largest sweet orange producer and has 49,000 ha cultivated with ‘Tahiti’ lime acid lime. Mandarin cultivation represents 5.5% of total citrus production in the country. In 2001, three experiments were planted in the Citrus Experimental Station (EECB), Bebedouro, Northern Sao Paulo State, where the first HLB symptomatic tree was detected in 2006. The initial objective was to evaluate the performance of ‘Folha Murcha’ sweet orange, ‘Tahiti’ acid lime and ‘Okitsu’ mandarin grafted on twelve rootstocks including Rangpur lime, Swingle citrumelo, Rubidoux and Flying Dragon (FD) trifoliate oranges. Cumulative HLB incidence (CI) was calculated in 2009. Folha Murcha and Tahiti lime trees on FD had lower CI values (6.7 and 10%) than trees on Rangpur lime (33.3 and 80%), Swingle citrumelo (46.7 and 66.7%) and Rubidoux (46.7 and 60%). CI was similar for Okitsu on FD, Carrizo citrange and HRS 827 (11.1%). In another field trial at EECB, Valencia, Hamlin and Natal were planted on FD in November 1994. Drip irrigation was installed in 2001. The first symptomatic plants in the area were detected in November 2008. In 2010, the 16 yr-old trees on FD have a lower CI (5.6%) than 20 yr-old sweet orange trees on Swingle citrumelo in an adjacent trial (CI = 35.4%). Our results indicated that FD rootstock could prolong the longevity of citrus orchards but more well-controlled studies of scion-rootstocks combinations with and without vector management are required.

Caracterização físico-química de frutos de clones de doviális (Dovyalis abyssinica Warb)

A Doviális é uma fruta exótica originária da África, de coloração laranja-avermelhada e elevada acidez. No Brasil, foi propagada via sementes na Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro-SP, pela FCAV/UNESP a partir de uma planta introduzida da Flórida-USA, sendo selecionada uma planta por apresentar frutos com menor acidez. Esta planta, denominada doviális 'Romana', encontra-se em plena produção e vem sendo propagada vegetativamente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial de utilização dos frutos de dovialis para o mercado de fruta fresca ou industrial, considerando as características físicas e físico-químicas dos frutos. Este estudo preliminar é inédito, pois há poucos estudos de aproveitamento dos frutos de doviális na literatura. Os resultados mostraram que a acidez dos frutos da doviális 'Romana' (1,76 % de ácido cítrico) foi significativamente inferior aos da planta introduzida (5,5 % de ácido cítrico). Os frutos da doviális 'Romana' também apresentaram 'ratio' elevado (7,55) e coloração da polpa tendendo para o amarelo-esverdeado (a*=9,01, b*= 33,15), significativamente diferentes da polpa da planta introduzida. Em geral, não houve diferenças significativas em rendimento em polpa (79%), sólidos solúveis (12 ºBrix), diâmetros transversal (26 mm) e longitudinal (23 mm). Desta forma, podemos sugerir que os frutos da doviális 'Romana' apresentam aptidão tanto para o mercado ao natural como para a produção de doces e sucos. Já os frutos da planta introduzida, face à elevada acidez e coloração atrativa, destinam-se à produção de doces e sucos. O aspecto visual da fruta e o sabor característico da doviális 'Romana' abrem potenciais mercados para a diversificação da produção comercial na fruticultura exótica.

Fruit quality of 'Tahiti' lime (Citrus latifolia Tanak) grafted on twelve different rootstocks

In the present work, the effect of twelve rootstocks on fruit quality of the nucellar clone IAC-5 of 'Tahiti' lime, (Citrus latifolia Tanaka) and the influence of fruit position on tree in fruit quality was evaluated in the Citrus Experimental Station of Bebedouro (EECB), located in the Bebedouro county, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A 8.0 x 5.0m planting frame was utilized. The evaluated rootstocks were: 'Carrizo' citrange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck x Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.); the hybrids 'Rangpur' lime x 'Swingle' citrumello (C. limonia Osbeck x P. trifoliata Raf) and 'Changsha' x 'English Small'(C. sunki Hort. ex Tan. x P. trifoliata Raf.); the mandarins 'Sun Chu Sha Kat' (C. reticulata Blanco) and 'Sunki' (C. sunki Hort. ex Tanaka); the 'Rangpur' limes 'Cravo Limeira' and ' Cravo FCAV' (C. limonia Osbeck); the 'Swingle' citrumello (P. trifoliata Raf. x C. paradisi Macf.); the 'Orlando' tangelo (C. reticulata Blanco x C. paradisi Macf.) and the trifoliates cvs. 'Rubidoux', 'FCAV' and 'Flying Dragon' (P. trifoliata Raf.). The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with twelve treatments, six replicates and one plant per plot. The rootstocks induced differences in fruit quality; however, all the evaluated quality characteristics were within the values considered as normal and acceptable for the variety, constituting good alternative rootstocks for the 'Rangpur' lime. Additionally, the fruit position in the plant (northeastern or southwestern) had a significant influence on the external fruit color regardless of the rootstock.

Resposta da caramboleira à calagem

A correção da acidez superficial e subsuperficial do solo, em especial para culturas perenes, é fundamental para garantir o rápido estabelecimento do pomar e a precocidade da produção de frutos. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos da calagem na implantação e formação de um pomar de caramboleiras (Averrhoa carambola) e seus reflexos no solo, na planta, na produção de frutos, bem como determinar a duração do efeito residual da aplicação inicial do calcário. O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, São Paulo, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (V inicial = 26% na camada de 0-20cm), no período de agosto/1999 a julho/2006. As doses de calcário empregadas foram: 0; 1,85; 3,71; 5,56 e 7,41 t ha-1. Durante 78 meses após a aplicação do corretivo, foram realizadas análises químicas de solo, bem como a avaliação do estado nutricional e da produção de frutos durante cinco safras agrícolas. A calagem proporcionou melhoria das características químicas do solo, elevando o pH, Ca, Mg, V% e diminuindo o H+Al, até 60 cm de profundidade. Os teores foliares de Ca e Mg aumentaram, correlacionando-se positivamente com a produção de frutos. A maior produção acumulada de carambolas esteve associada à saturação por bases de 40 e 53% na linha e na entrelinha do pomar de caramboleiras, respectivamente.

Effect of Liming on the Mineral Nutrition and Yield of Growing Guava Trees in a Typic Hapludox Soil

: High soil acidity influences the availability of mineral nutrients and increases that of toxic aluminium (Al), which has a jeopardizing effect on plant growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the development of guava (Psidium guajava L.) plants, on soil chemical characteristics, and on fruit yield. The experiment was carried out at the Bebedouro Citrus Experimental Station, state of São Paulo, Brazil, in a Typic Hapludox soil, from August 1999 to March 2003. The treatments consisted of limestone dose: D0 = zero; D1 = half dose; D2 = total dose; D3 = 1.5 times the dose, and D4 = 2 times the dose to raise the V value to 70%. The doses corresponded to zero, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41 t ha−1 applied to the upper soil layer (0–30 cm deep) before planting. The results showed that liming caused an improvement in the evaluated soil chemical characteristics up to a depth of 60 cm in soil samples both in the line and between lines. The highest fruit yields were obtained when the base saturation reached a value of 55% in the line and 62% between the lines. Foliar levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) were 8.8 and 2.5 g kg−1, respectively. The highest limestone dose maintained the soil base saturation (at the layer of 0–20 cm) in the line close to 55% during at least 40 months after the incorporation of limestone.

Efeitos da calagem na fertilidade do solo e na nutrição e produtividade da goiabeira

A acidez do solo é um dos mais importantes fatores que limitam a produção em regiões tropicais. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da calagem na fertilidade do solo e na nutrição e produtividade da goiabeira (Psidium guajava L.). O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro, São Paulo, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (V = 26 % na camada de 0-20 cm), no período de agosto/1999 a julho/2006. As doses de calcário empregadas foram: 0; 1,85; 3,71; 5,56 e 7,41 t ha-1. Durante 78 meses após aplicação do corretivo foram realizadas análises químicas de solo. Foi feita avaliação do estado nutricional e da produtividade durante cinco safras agrícolas. A calagem promoveu alteração nos atributos químicos do solo ligados à acidez, elevando o pH, Ca, Mg, soma de bases (SB) e saturação por bases (V) e diminuindo H + Al, até 60 cm. Os teores foliares de Ca e Mg aumentaram com as doses de calcário. As maiores produções acumuladas de frutos estiveram associadas a um valor de V de 50 % na linha e 65 % na entrelinha das goiabeiras.

Soil‐Liming Effects on the Development and Nutritional Status of the Carambola Tree and Its Fruit‐Yielding Capacity

Soil acidity is one of the most important factors limiting agricultural production in the tropics. For this reason, the objective of this research work was to evaluate the effects of soil liming on the performance of carambola (Averrhoa carambola) trees. The experiment took place at the Citrus Experimental Station in Bebedouro, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The soil was a Typic Haplustox (V=26% at the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer) between August 1999 and July 2003. The following doses of limestone were employed: 0, 1.85, 3.71, 5.56, and 7.41 t ha−1. During 40 months after the experiment was set up, soil chemical attributes were periodically examined. For a period of 2 years, the trees had their leaves analyzed for micro-and macronutrients; their trunk diameter, height, and crown volume measured; and the production of fruits determined. Liming improved in evaluated chemical attributes of the soil: pH, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), BS, V, and hydrogen and aluminium (H+Al) from the upper 60 cm of soil when the samples were taken from both the line and between the lines of plants. In the leaves, the levels of Ca and Mg also increased. The highest fruit yields were observed when soil base saturations reached 45% on the lines and 50% between the lines, as well as when foliar levels of 8.0 g of Ca and 4.7 g of Mg per kilogram of leaves were attained.

Turning point article to root or not to root, that is the question: Reflections of a developmental plant physiologist

To root or not to root, that is the question (with apologies to Shakespeare in Hamlet), has been the overriding concern of my 35 þ years of research. How did this happen and why? I was born in Barbados, the West Indies and attended school there, graduating with the Oxford & Cambridge General Certificate of Education (GCE), Advanced Level with credits in Chemistry, Physics and Biology. I intended to go on to university, but to study what and where? At that stage I had no intention of going beyond a B.Sc. degree, but in what subject? My first choice would have been Organic Chemistry, but such a degree would have meant that I would probably end up teaching in a high school in Barbados. Since I did not want to teach, I decided by elimination of different topics and professions to study agriculture. However, there was a problem. I had failed French three times at the GCE, Ordinary Level, and was therefore not admissible to a British university, the dream of most British colonials. Thus Wye College, Kent didn’t get the opportunity to deny me admission! However, to work in the colonies at the time, you required a degree from a Commonwealth university. Fortunately, Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India, using his five principles for peaceful co-existence, had introduced scholarships for people of developing countries to study in India. I applied for and was awarded a Cultural scholarship in 1956. As a teenager in Barbados, India, along with Brazil, Japan and New Zealand, were four countries that I wanted to visit. (Of course, visiting the mother country, the UK, was a given!) But where in India should I study. Again, I was fortunate that the Representative of the British Council in Barbados at the time had also worked in India, and he recommended the Allahabad Agricultural Institute. I studied there from 1957 to 1961 and obtained a B.Sc. Agric. degree, with specialization in Pomology. It was during my studies in Pomology that I became interested in two problem areas; namely alternate bearing (the tendency for fruit trees to bear heavy and light crops and therefore yields in an alternating fashion), and the inability to root cuttings selected from mature fruit trees. The latter required the development of a variety of time-consuming, expensive and low multiplication-rate techniques including grafting, budding, and layering (Hayes, 1957; Hartman et al., 1990). After working in the Department of Agriculture in Barbados as Tree Crop Officer in the Extension Service for 2 years, I was awarded a Fulbright Scholarship by the US Department of State to study Horticulture at the University of California, Riverside (UCR, the site of the famous Citrus Experiment Station). Because the scholarship was for only 1 year, I opted to obtain the M.S. degree by course work (in 1964), but nevertheless did a project which was subsequently published (Thorpe and Hield, 1970). Again, I had no intention of going any further, but the fact that I would be returning to my job in the Extension Service (not a particularly interesting one), and the suggestion from a couple of the professors at UCR that I was Ph.D. material came into play and altered the course of my life!

Evaluation of Marsh seedless grapefruit on ten rootstocks in São Paulo, Brazil

Introduction. The Brazilian citrus industry is characterized by orange production for processing, with the Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia L. Osbeck) as the predominant rootstock. Grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.) is cultivated on a small scale and represents one of the less studied citrus species. Using other rootstock alternatives to Rangpur lime could increase fruit production and quality. Materials and methods. Ten citrus (Troyer citrange, Swingle citrumelo, Cleopatra mandarin, Valencia Americana sweet orange, Volkamer lemon cv. Catania 2, Nacional and Florida rough lemons, Rangpur lime, Thornton tangelo and trifoliate orange) were evaluated as rootstocks for the Marsh seedless grapefruit in an experiment planted at the Citrus Experimental Station of Bebedouro (EECB), Sao Paulo State, Brazil, in January 1991. The spacing was 8.0 m between rows and 4.0 m between trees. The experimental design, randomized blocks, presented four replications with three trees per plot. Trees were grown without supplementary irrigation. Yield was evaluated from 1994 through 2000; fruit quality from 1994 through 1999; the tree size in May 2000. Results. For each studied characteristic, the various rootstocks showed significant differences, except for the average weight of the fruit. The data obtained were compared with the results already published in the Brazilian literature. Conclusion. Swingle, Troyer, Cleopatra and trifoliate orange could be used as alternative rootstocks for Marsh seedless grapefruit.

Q & A: George Zentmyer, Plant Pathologist

George Zentmyer, professor emeritus of plant pathology at UC Riverside, received his Ph.D. in plant pathology from UC Berkeley in 1938 and joined UC's Citrus Experiment Station in 1944 as a plant pathologist. Zentmyer, a member of the prestigious National Academy of Sciences, is a leading authority on plant diseases caused by the fungus Phytophthora, particularly Phytophthora cinnamomi, which causes severe root rot of avocado trees. His work has focused on root diseases, soil fungicides, biological control of soil pathogens and diseases of avocado trees and other subtropical and tropical crops. The studies have provided a multifaceted approach to control plant diseases that threaten the multimillion dollar avocado industry.

"In a World He Has Created": Class Collectivity and the Growers' Landscape of the Southern California Citrus Industry, 1890-1940

Research Article| April 01 1995 "In a World He Has Created": Class Collectivity and the Growers' Landscape of the Southern California Citrus Industry, 1890-1940 Anthea M. Hartig Anthea M. Hartig Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California History (1995) 74 (1): 100–111. https://doi.org/10.2307/25177473 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Anthea M. Hartig; "In a World He Has Created": Class Collectivity and the Growers' Landscape of the Southern California Citrus Industry, 1890-1940. California History 1 April 1995; 74 (1): 100–111. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25177473 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCalifornia History Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1995 CHS Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

California Red Scale Control on Lemons, 1985

Abstract A randomized complete block experiment with 10 single-tree replicates and 9 treatment! was conducted in a field of 15 ft tall lemons in a 20 x 24 ft planting at the University of California Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, CA. Pretreatment densities of California red scale (CRS) in each plot were evaluated either in Mar or May by examining, in each plot, 75 randomly selected 9-in twigs from the previous growth flush. Each twig was scored in situ as being infested or not infested with live CRS. The single tree plots were assigned to blocks on the basis of pretreatment twig counts and position in the field. The 9 treatments were randomly assigned to each of the 10 blocks. All treatments were applied by handguns from ground and tower positions at ca. 500 psi and ca. 17.5 gal/tree. The NR440 oil treatment was applied 14 May; the remaining treatment! were applied 10-11 Jun. Posttreatment samples were taken in late Sep 1985 and again in early Apr 1986 by in situ examination in each plot of 75 9-incl twigs in Sep, 100 3-in twigs in Apr, and 100 fruit in both posttreatment samples. Twigs were scored for presence or absence of live CRS. Fruit were scored as having 0, 1-10, or >10 live and/or dead CRS since fruit are downgraded in the packinghouse when infested with large numbers of live or dead scale. Therefore, counts of live and dead scale on fruit were used to assess how well a treatment prevented the crop from becoming infested and consequently downgraded, while counts of live scale on twigs were used to assess how well a treatment suppressed population growth.

Pesticide Screening for California Red Scale Control on Lemons, 1984

Abstract A randomized complete block experiment with 6 single-tree replicates and 4 treatments was conducted in a field of 15-ft trees in a 20 × 24-ft planting at the Citrus Experiment Station in Riverside, California. Pretreatment densities of California red scale (CRS) were evaluated in late Apr ’84 by examining in each plot 75 9-in twigs from the previous growth flush that were randomly selected from around the trees. Each sample unit was scored in situ as being infested or not infested with live CRS. Posttreatment counts were made in late Sep ’84 and again in mid May ’85 by examining 75 twigs and 100 fruit per plot in a similar manner. Fruit counts were included in the posttreatment evaluation because they are an index of how well a treatment prevented the current crop from becoming infested and consequently downgraded, thus determining the immediate benefit of the treatment. Twig counts were evaluated to determine how well a treatment suppressed scale population growth. The single tree plots were assigned to blocks on the basis of pretreatment twig counts and on position in the field (one row of trees, for some unknown reason, tended to have high posttreatment counts for all treatments). Thus, plots within each block had similar pretreatment counts and were located in the same part of the field. Treatments were randomly assigned to each of the 6 blocks. The Rol6-1295 0.063 lb/100 gal treatment was not applied in 1 of the blocks; all other treatments were represented in each block. Pesticides were applied with hand guns from the ground and from a tower at ca 505 psi and ca 17.45 gal/tree (ca 1584 gal/A) on 7 Jun ’84. Age class distribution of CRS at this time was estimated as ca 50% adult and 50% immature stages.

The Evolution of Horticulture as a Science and a Profession

Abstract Alfred H. Krezdorn was born on April 10, 1920 in El Paso, Texas. Early years were spent in southern Texas where he graduated from Seguin High School in 1937. His BS degree with major in Horticulture was obtained at Texas A&M University in 1942. He then served in the U.S. Naval Reserve in World War II and was discharged with the rank of Lieutenant in 1946. He joined the faculty of Texas A&M University for ten years during which time he took leaves of absence to obtain the MS degree at the University of Florida in 1949 and the PhD in Horticulture from Texas A&M in 1956. He returned to Florida in 1957 as an Associate Horticulturist at the University of Florida's Citrus Experiment Station in Lake Alfred and in 1960 was appointed Head of the Department of Fruit Crops and moved to Gainesville. Administrative responsibilities were relinquished after fifteen years as Chairman when he resumed full-time research and teaching as Professor Horticulture.

Control of Citrus Thrips with Temik 15G, 1977

Abstract Two rates of Temik 15G (5 and 10 lb ai/acre) were applied Feb 15’77 to orange, grapefruit, and lemon trees at the Yuma Citrus Experiment Station. The materia! was spread with a 4-ft Gandy Fertilizer Spreader pulled by a small (garden-type) John Deere tractor. A 4-ft band was applied down the rows on each side of the trees. Each plot consisted of 6 trees and treatments were replicated 4 times. The entire test area was roto-tilled between rows and flood irrigated on Feb 15’77.

PHOSPHOLIPID CHANGES IN MUSCLE FROM FROZEN STORED LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON

Journal of Food ScienceVolume 37, Issue 3 p. 426-429 PHOSPHOLIPID CHANGES IN MUSCLE FROM FROZEN STORED LAKE MICHIGAN COHO SALMON R. J. BRADDOCK, R. J. BRADDOCK Dept. of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan Stare University, East Lansing, MI 48823 University of Florida Citrus Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1088, Lake Alfred, FL 33850Search for more papers by this authorL. R. DUGAN JR., L. R. DUGAN JR. Dept. of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan Stare University, East Lansing, MI 48823Search for more papers by this author R. J. BRADDOCK, R. J. BRADDOCK Dept. of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan Stare University, East Lansing, MI 48823 University of Florida Citrus Experiment Station, P.O. Box 1088, Lake Alfred, FL 33850Search for more papers by this authorL. R. DUGAN JR., L. R. DUGAN JR. Dept. of Food Science & Human Nutrition, Michigan Stare University, East Lansing, MI 48823Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1972 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1972.tb02655.xCitations: 27 Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station Publication No. 5765. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume37, Issue3May 1972Pages 426-429 RelatedInformation

Control of Eastern Lubber Grasshopper on Florida Citrus

Field tests were conducted from May to July 1967 at the Citrus Experiment Station, Lake Alfred, Florida to evaluate several insecticides against the eastern lubber grasshopper, Romalea microptera (Palisot de Beauvois). The insecticides tested for both initial and residual toxicity included organophosphate, carbamate, and chlorinated hydrocarbon compounds, many of which had been reported effective for the control of other grasshopper species. The most effective compounds 5 days after application were parathion, dieldrin, Mobam, Lannate, carbaryl, and phosphamidon. None of the materials were effective 12 days after application.