Citrifolia Fruit Juice Research Articles

Divine noni's protective impact on Swiss albino mice's short-term memory impairment caused by cyclophosphamide: A behavioral and biochemical approach

Cyclophosphamide (CYL) is a first-line cancer chemotherapeutic agent widely used for the treatment of cancer that has severe toxic effects. The primary mechanism by which CYL induces toxicity through free radical generation. Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice is an herbal remedy documented to have antioxidant properties. The aim of the current study was to investigate the protective effect of noni against CYL-induced memory impairment in Swiss albino mice. Treatment schedule: Group 1: Normal: Received vehicle; Group 2: CYL treatment: Received CYL (40.0 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) on day one; Group 3: NJ treatment: Received NJ (360 mg/b.w. p.o.) once daily for 14 days. Group 4: DNG treatment: DNG (360 mg/b.w. p.o.) once daily for 14 days, Group 5: NJ + CYL treatment: Received CYL (40.0 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) on day one and after half an hour of received NJ (360 mg/b.w. p.o.) once daily for 14 days. Group 6: DNG + CYL treatment: Received CYL (40.0 mg/kg b.w. i.p.) on day one and after half an hour received DNG (360 mg/b.w. p.o.) once daily for 14 days. Mice were subjected to the Morris water maze (MWM) challenge for two weeks as part of a behavioral study. Short-term memory impairment was observed in the behavioral activity of CYL-treated mice in the MWM test in the 1st week trial, and this effect was reversed in the 2nd week trial in the combination treatment group. The behavioral analysis proved that noni supplementation reduced the risk of memory impairment caused by CYL. Biochemical analysis revealed that CYL markedly increased the levels of AChE and MDA in brain tissue. Similarly, decreases in the levels of antioxidants, i.e., GSH, CAT, SOD and GST, were detected in the brain tissue of the mice exposed to CYL. Qualitative and quantitative examinations of histopathological examination of the mouse hippocampus supported the above findings. The results demonstrated that noni supplement therapy reversed the changes in the MDA, AChE, and antioxidant enzyme levels while improving the behavioral and histological alterations caused by CYL. Long-term hippocampal growth and memory are unaffected, suggesting that CYL is less harmful. According to our research, supplementing with noni in conjunction with CYL may be a helpful treatment strategy for treating memory impairment caused by CYL.

Noni enhances the anticancer activity of cyclophosphamide and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity in tumor-bearing mice

Background and aimMorinda citrifolia fruit juice (noni) is an herbal remedy documented to have antioxidant properties. It has been suggested that prevention of carcinogen-DNA adduct formation and the antioxidant activity of NJ may contribute to the cancer preventive effect. In the present study, the antitumor activity of noni was investigated in the presence of cyclophosphamide (CYL) in vitro and in vivo.MethodsIn vitro breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-468) were used to measure the percentage of inhibition and the IC50. The in vivo antitumor activity of noni was studied by monitoring the mean survival time (MST), percentage increase in life span (%ILS), viable and non-viable cell count, tumor volume, body weight, and hematological and serum biochemical parameters in mice. Treatment with noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity toward breast cancer cells.ResultsIndividual treatment of noni and CYL exhibited dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity on breast cancer cell lines, while in combination therapy of noni and CYL, noni enhances cytotoxic effect of CYL at 48 h than that at 24 h. Similar result was found in in vivo studies, the results of which revealed that alone treatment of CYL and noni suppressed tumor growth. However, combination treatment with CYL and noni presented better tumor inhibition than that of alone treatment of CYL and noni. On the contrary, CYL alone drastically attenuated hematological parameters, i.e., RBC, WBC, and Hb compared to normal and control groups, and this change was reversed and normalized by noni when given as combination therapy with CYL. Moreover, the levels of serum biochemical markers, i.e., AST, ALP, and ALT, were significantly increased in the control and CYL-treated groups than those in the normal group. In the combination treatment of noni and CYL, the above biochemical marker levels significantly decreased compared to CYL alone-treated group.ConclusionsThe present study suggested that CYL treatment can cause serious myelotoxicity and hepatic injury in cancer patients. In conclusion, the combined use of noni with CYL potentially enhances the antitumor activity of CYL and suppresses myelotoxicity and hepatotoxicity induced by CYL in tumor-bearing mice.

Antioxidant Activity of Noni Juice in Vitro and in Human Volunteers

Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has been found to provide a wide range of potential health benefits. Among these are the reduction of free radicals and protection against lipid peroxide DNA damage in heavy cigarette smokers and athletes who had exercised to the point of exhaustion. These benefits have been observed after drinking a beverage containing a blend of noni juice from French Polynesia, Tahitian Noni® Juice (TNJ). To determine if TNJ exerts more immediate antioxidant effects, and under less extreme conditions, in vitro tests and a trial involving healthy young adult men were conducted. In the human study, volunteers drank 200 mL TNJ, orange juice or water following an overnight fast. Blood samples were collected before and 1 hour following ingestion of the beverages. Plasma and red cell lysate (erythrocyte) samples were measured for antioxidant activity potentiometrically. TNJ exhibited high in vitro antioxidant activity in the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, reducing power and lipid hydroperoxide scavenging assays. TNJ also significantly increased mean antioxidant activity in plasma and erythrocytes of healthy volunteers. The effect of TNJ in erythrocytes was approximately 4.6 times greater than that of orange juice. There were no increases observed in the water group. The results of this study reveal that TNJ can provide antioxidant benefits shortly after ingestion and under more everyday conditions, not only in extreme circumstances or when consumed repeatedly.

<i>Morinda citrifolia</i> (Noni) Fruit Juice Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Binding of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2)

COVID-19 is a global pandemic that has claimed millions of lives. This disease is caused by a coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, which requires the binding of its spike protein to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for infection of the host cell. Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has antiviral activity that involves enhancement of immune system function. SARS-CoV-2 spike-ACE2 interaction experiments were carried out to further investigate the antiviral properties of noni juice and its major iridoids. Noni juice inhibited binding by approximately 69%. Scandoside was the most active of the three iridoids evaluated, reducing average spike protein-ACE2 interaction by 79.25%. The iridoids worked synergistically towards inhibiting spike protein binding when assayed together, improving activity by more than 22% above the expected level. But the modest activity of the most abundant iridoid, deacetylasperulosidic acid, indicates that other phytochemicals (i.e. scopoletin, quercetin, rutin and kaempferol) are also involved. Our results suggest that the presence of several biological active phytochemicals in noni juice enhances resistance to SARS-CoV-2 by interfering with its ability to bind ACE2. This is a new and significant anti-viral mechanism of noni juice that does not directly involve its immunomodulatory properties.

Phytochemical composition and in vitro biological activities of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice.

Morinda citrifolia is a plant with broad nutraceutical and therapeutic effects and used in the traditional treatment of several ailments. The objective of this work is to investigate the phytochemistry of the fruit juice of M. citrifolia on one hand and on other hand to evaluate its antiradical and antibacterial activity. The phytochemical investigation was carried out by tube staining tests of the extract of two types of fruit juice of M. citrifolia. The antioxidant activity of these juices was evaluated by reducing the DPPH radical method. Concerning the antibacterial activity, it was tested on the in vitro growth of 10 reference bacterial strains using the well diffusion method. Qualitative phytochemistry of M. citrifolia fruit juices revealed the presence of large groups of secondary metabolites including polyphenols, reducing compounds, mucilage and terpernoids. The antioxidant activity of M. citrifolia fruit juices is dose-dependent and higher than that of ascorbic acid. Antimicrobial activity on other hand revealed that fruit juices inhibit growth inhibitory activity of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, S. epidermidis, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus oralis, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. This observed difference is significant for each juices on the strains (p < 0.001). These results support the use of M. citrifolia in traditional medicine and are the starting points for the development of a new drug to combat both dietary conditions and chronic conditions associated with oxidative stress.

Lignans from &lt;i&gt;Morinda citrifolia&lt;/i&gt; (Noni) Fruit Inhibit Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase &lt;i&gt;in Vitro&lt;/i&gt;

Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has exhibited a variety of biological activities in human clinical trials, indicating that it influences multiple systems of the body. Since the 1990s, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been found to modulate the activity of other organ systems. To investigate noni’s potential impact on the ECS, extracts from freeze-dried noni fruit were evaluated in fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibition assays. The ethyl acetate extract demonstrated the greatest activity against both enzymes. Lignans in this extract also inhibited enzyme activities, with americanin A being the most active in both assays. Americanoic acid and 3,3’-bisdemethylpinoresinol were the next most active compounds. These results suggest that lignans in noni fruit may influence endocannabinoid levels within the body via FAAH and MAGL inhibition. This reveals another set of probable mechanisms of action by which noni juice affects human health.

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Morinda citrifolia&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Noni) Fruit Juice Inhibits Endocannabinoid Degradation Enzymes

Morinda citrifolia (noni) fruit juice has been shown to have a wide variety of potential health benefits in human clinical trials. It may also influence the endocannabinoid system of the body. Since the main ingredient of the product studied in these clinical trials was juice made from noni fruit puree from French Polynesia, it was evaluated for its ability to inhibit the two major endocannabinoid degradation enzymes in vitro. Noni fruit juice inhibited both fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) in a concentration-dependent manner, suggesting that it may help maintain anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels. Samples of the puree were also analyzed for the presence of characteristic phytochemical markers of authentic noni fruit such as scopoletin, rutin, quercetin, deacetylasperulosidic acid and asperulosidic acid, all of which were present. Also present was scandoside, which is reported for the first time as being identified in noni fruit or its juice. Some of these compounds may contribute to the FAAH and MAGL inhibiting activity of noni juice. These results reveal another set of mechanisms by which noni juice possibly supports mental health, maintains joint health, relieves discomfort and modulates the immune system.

The Effects of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Fruit Juice on the Prevention of Stroke by Promoting Production of Nitric Oxide through the Brain of the Spontaneously Hypertensive Stroke Prone (SHRSP) Rats

Morinda citrifolia (Noni) is a traditional folk medicinal plant and has a long history of use as a food and medicine. In order to reveal the effects of Noni fruit juice (NFJ) on stroke prevention, we performed experiments using spontaneously hypertensive stroke prone (SHRSP) rats. NFJ did not change rat body weight, food intake, and water intake. However, both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly decreased after NFJ treatment in SHRSP rats. Furthermore, NFJ significantly increased the survival rate, urinary nitric oxide (NO) concentration was significantly higher in the NFJ group, and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation levels increased in the brain after NFJ treatment. Two pathways regulate eNOS phosphorylation: the insulin-dependent pathway and the insulin-independent pathway. For the insulin-dependent pathway, phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and protein kinase B (Akt) did not change in the NFJ group. For the insulin-independent pathway, expression of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation, liver kinase B 1 (LKB1), and silent information regulator 1 (Sirt1) significantly increased in the brain of SHRSP rats after NFJ treatment. These data suggested that NFJ prevented stroke by improved blood circulation, increased NO production, and elevated eNOS phosphorylation by stimulating the insulin-independent pathway (Sirt1-LKB1-AMPK-eNOS).

The Effect of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruit Juice on the Blood Sugar Level and Other Serum Parameters in Patients with Diabetes Type 2.

Background The effect of the daily consumption of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice on the physiological status of patients with diabetes type 2 (DT2) was tested over a period of two months. Methods Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice (NFJ), 2 ml per kg bw per day, was consumed by twenty patients with DT2 after they underwent a standard treatment regimen including carbohydrate reduced diet and treatment with an antidiabetic drug and/or insulin. NFJ consumption started only after no further improvement was achieved. The intake of NFJ was terminated after eight weeks. The fasting blood sugar level was monitored every morning during the entire treatment period. Blood samples were taken before, at, and four and eight weeks after the start of NFJ intake. The analysis of the blood samples included the concentration of blood glucose, HbA1c, C-peptide, hs-CRP, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. Results The consumption of NFJ by 20 patients with DT2 resulted in a significant mean decrease of the morning blood sugar level monitored over a period of eight weeks. While NFJ reduced the blood glucose level in several but not all hyperglycemic patients, it did not cause hypoglycemia in normoglycemic patients. NFJ consumption also reduced the mean HbA1c value significantly (p= 0.033). Significant decreases (p= 0.01) were also achieved for high sensitive CRP values in patients starting with high levels (>2 mg/L), whereas no change was observed in patients with normal values (< 2 mg/L). The level of C-peptide showed a significant mean increase after four weeks of NFJ consumption in those patients who started with low levels (<3 μg/l, p=0.004, N=11) but not in patients with higher levels (> 3 μg/L). Conclusion The daily consumption of NFJ has the potential to regulate elevated blood sugar levels and some other pathological parameters in patients with DT2. NFJ therefore serves as a suitable additive to the diet of diabetic patients.

Effects of short-term consumption of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice on mice intestine, liver and kidney immune modulation

ABSTRACTMorinda citrifolia L. (noni) has been indicated to treat a variety of disorders; however, important aspects surrounding the consumption of products derived from noni still require clarification. We investigated the immune-related effects produced by the consumption of noni fruit juice by C57BL/6 mice. In the intestine, IL-4 and IL-10 levels were reduced following consumption of the fruit juice at a 1:100 dilution. However, when the highest concentrations were administered, IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-12 levels increased in this organ. Similarly, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12, IL-4, IL-23 and IL-10 levels increased in the liver. In the kidney, IL-12 production decreased following consumption of the juice at a 1:100 dilution. In the intestine, only a mild edema was observed followed by the consumption of noni fruit juice at the highest concentrations. Overall, noni fruit juice consumption did not cause any significant disturbances in liver or kidney outside of immune modulation.

Noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) fruit juice reverses age-related decline in neural-immune interactions in the spleens of old F344 rats

Ethnopharmacological relevanceVarious parts of the tropical plant, Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni), have been widely used in traditional medicine in South and Southeast Asia for several centuries. The therapeutic effects of the noni are believed to be mediated through several phytochemicals such as anthraquinones, iridoid, fatty acid glycosides, alcohols, etc. Aim of the studyThe aim of the study is to investigate the effects of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice (noni fruit juice; NFJ) on neural-immune interactions through the involvement of intracellular signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo in the splenic lymphocytes of young and old male F344 rats. Material and methodsIn the in vitro study, splenocytes from young and old F344 rats were isolated and treated with 0.0001–1% concentrations of NFJ for a period of 24h, while in the in vivo study, old F344 rats were orally administered (5ml/kg body weight) with NFJ (5%, 10% and 20%) twice daily for 60 days. After the treatment period, concanavalin A (Con A)-induced lymphocyte proliferation, cytokines (IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-6, and TNF-α) production, expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (p-TH), nerve growth factor (NGF), m-TOR, IκB-α, p-NF-κB (p50 and p65), p-ERK, p-Akt, p-CREB and lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, nitric oxide (NO) production were examined in the splenocytes. ResultsIn vitro NFJ incubation of splenic lymphocytes increased Con A-induced lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, and expression of p-ERK, p-Akt, and p-CREB in young and old rats. In vivo treatment of old rats with NFJ increased lymphoproliferation, IL-2 and IFN-γ production, the expression of p-TH, NGF, and NO production, and suppressed IL-6 production, lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl formation, and the expression of IκB-α and p-NF-κB (p50) in the splenocytes. ConclusionTaken together, these results suggest that Morinda citrifolia fruit juice enhanced neural-immune interactions and cell survival pathways while inhibiting inflammatory processes that may be useful in the treatment of age-associated diseases.

Morinda citrifolia Linn Grown in Sri Lanka: Shelf Life of Fruit Juice

Morinda citrifolia L has been reported to have a broad range of therapeutic effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, antihelmin, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory, and immune enhancing effects. In the present study, shelf life of fruit juice of M. citrifolia grown in Sri Lanka was evaluated in terms of possibility of (a) decomposition of chemical compound/s (b) growth of microbes and (c) organoleptic properties of M. citrifolia juice at the initial stage and after 6 months. Possibility of decomposition of chemical compound/s in M. citrifolia juice was evaluated by means of (a) Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) fingerprint profile and (b) phytochemical classes. Microbiological analysis was done by evaluating the presence or absence of microbes (eg. counts of aerobic bacteria, Staphytococcus aureus, yeast and moulds and Escherichia coli). Organoleptic properties such as color, odour and taste of M. citrifolia juice were checked. Results revealed that intensity of the spots bearing Rf values of 0.45, 0.60, 0.72, 0.80, 0.88 appeared in the TLC at the initial stage retained as similar after 6 months. Phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenols, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins were detected in both initial stage and after 6 months. Further, Escherichia coli, Coliforms and Salmonella were absent at initial stage and after 6 months respectively. Counts of Aerobic bacteria, Staphytococcus aureus, Yeast and Moulds were <1, <100 and <1 respectively in both stages. Organoleptic properties of Noni juice was similar at the initial stage and after 6 months. In conclusion, M. citrifolia fruit juice can be kept at room temperature without any chemical deterioration and microbial contamination for 6 months.

Morinda citrifolia Linn. Reduces Parasite Load and Modulates Cytokines and Extracellular Matrix Proteins in C57BL/6 Mice Infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.

The absence of an effective vaccine and the debilitating chemotherapy for Leishmaniasis demonstrate the need for developing alternative treatments. Several studies conducted with Morinda citrifolia have shown various biological activities, including antileishmanial activity, however its mechanisms of action are unknown. This study aimed to analyze the in vivo activity of M. citrifolia fruit juice (Noni) against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis in C57BL/6 mice. M. citrifolia fruit juice from the Brazilian Amazon has shown the same constitution of other juices produced around the world and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis identified five compounds: deacetylasperulosidic acid, asperulosidic acid, rutin, nonioside B and nonioside C. Daily intragastric treatment with Noni was carried out after 55 days of L. (L.) amazonensis infection in C57BL/6 mice. Parasitic loads, cytokine and extracellular protein matrix expressions of the lesion site were analyzed by qPCR. Histopathology of the lesion site, lymph nodes and liver were performed to evaluate the inflammatory processes. Cytokines and biochemical parameters of toxicity from sera were also evaluated. The Noni treatment at 500 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 60 days decreased the lesion size and parasitic load in the footpad infected with L. (L.) amazonensis. The site of infection also showed decreased inflammatory infiltrates and decreased cytokine expressions for IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-10. On the other hand, Noni treatment enhanced the extracellular matrix protein expressions of collagen IV, fibronectin and laminin in the infected footpad as well collagen I and II, fibronectin and laminin in the mock-infected footpads. No toxicity was observed at the end of treatment. These data show the efficacy of Noni treatment.

Ultrastructural Changes and Death of Leishmania infantum Promastigotes Induced by Morinda citrifolia Linn. Fruit (Noni) Juice Treatment

The search for new treatments against leishmaniasis has increased due to high frequency of drug resistance registered in endemics areas, side effects, and complications caused by coinfection with HIV. Morinda citrifolia Linn., commonly known as Noni, has a rich chemical composition and various therapeutic effects have been described in the literature. Studies have shown the leishmanicidal activity of M. citrifolia; however, its action on the parasite has not yet been elucidated. In this work, we analyzed leishmanicidal activity and ultrastructural changes in Leishmania infantum promastigotes caused by M. citrifolia fruit juice treatment. M. citrifolia fruit extract showed a yield of 6.31% and high performance liquid chromatography identified phenolic and aromatic compounds as the major constituents. IC50 values were 260.5 µg/mL for promastigotes and 201.3 µg/mL for intracellular amastigotes of L. infantum treated with M. citrifolia. Cytotoxicity assay with J774.G8 macrophages showed that M. citrifolia fruit juice was not toxic up to 2 mg/mL. Transmission electron microscopy showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, lipid inclusion, increased exocytosis activity, and autophagosome-like vesicles in L. infantum promastigotes treated with M. citrifolia fruit juice. M. citrifolia fruit juice was active against L. infantum in the in vitro model used here causing ultrastructural changes and has a future potential for treatment against leishmaniasis.

Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Fruit Juice on High Fat Diet Induced Dyslipidemia in Rats.

The medicinal value of Morinda citrifolia L. (commonly known as Noni) has been explored in ancient folk remedies with a wide range of therapeutic utility, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumour, analgesic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory and immune enhancing effects. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of Noni fruit juice on serum lipid profile in high fat diet induced murine model of dyslipidemia. Hyperlipidemia was induced by feeding a cholesterol rich high fat diet for 45 days in wistar albino rats of either sex (n=8). Noni fruit juice administered at 50mg/kg/day and 100mg/kg/day, per oral, was compared with the standard drug Atorvastatin (10mg/kg/day, oral) fed for the latter 30 days. The blood samples were then sent for complete blood lipid profile, after 30 days of treatment. The data presented as mean ± SEM was analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. The p <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The Noni fruit juice treated group showed a significant decrease in the total cholesterol, triglycerides and very low density lipoprotein - Cholesterol at both the doses when compared to the disease control (p<0.05). However, the decrease in the TC (102.75±9.79 mg/dL) and LDL-C (47.87±7.47 mg/dL) levels observed with the noni fruit juice at the 50mg/kg dose employed, failed to show a statistical significance when compared to atorvastatin. The present study provides evidence for the hypolipidemic activity of Noni fruit juice in high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in rats.

Efficacy of Feeding of Morinda citrifolia Fruit Juice and Lactobacillus acidophilus in Broiler

Efficacy of Feeding of Morinda citrifolia Fruit Juice and Lactobacillus acidophilus in Broiler

Grommune: Morinda citrifolia-based herbal tonic for growth and immunity for commercial broilers

A herbal tonic (Grommune) was prepared from Morinda citrifolia fruit juice and fed to the broilers at various levels viz., 5 ml, 10 ml and 15 ml, and one group was kept as control. The result revealed that highest body weight (3.06 ± 0.10 kg) and better feed conversion ratio (FCR; 2.53) were recorded in the group fed with 15 ml of tonic as compared to the other groups though it was not significantly higher. The humoral immune response revealed significantly higher titre values with increase in level of tonic supplementation. The result indicated that feeding of herbal tonic at the dosage of 15 ml per bird up to 4 weeks and 30 ml per bird up to 8th week of age improved the body weight, FCR and immune competency status of broilers.

Effect of feeding of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice on the biophysical parameters of healthy as well as mastitis-affected cow milk

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of Morinda citrifolia fruit juice on milk characteristics of healthy as well as mastitis-affected dairy cow. A total of 25 adult dairy cows were selected out of which 13 were healthy and 12 were found affected with sub-clinical mastitis. M. citrifolia fruit juice was fed to dairy cow at the rate of 100 ml/day/animal orally. The average pH of the normal milk and mastitis-affected milk was 6.60±0.12 and 7.2±0.17, respectively. The feeding of M. citrifolia juice significantly (p<0.05) lowered the pH of mastitis-affected milk to 6.54±0.07. The EC of mastitis-affected milk lowered significantly (p<0.05) after feeding of M. citrifolia fruit juice. The total bacterial count in the mastitis milk also decreased significantly (p<0.05) from 5.15±0.03×108 to 2.54±0.03×108 cfu/ml after feeding of M. citrifolia juice. Morinda feeding decreased the total protein concentration in the mastitis milk significantly (p<0.05) to 21.13±0.93 µg/ml. It could be concluded that the feeding of M. citrifolia fruit juice to dairy cows showed improvement in the quality and biophysical parameters of milk of mastitis-infected dairy animals.

Preclinical evaluation of antidiabetic activity of noni fruit juice

Diabetes mellitus (DM) currently is a major health problem for the people of the world and it is chronic metabolic disorder/ syndrome and the patients with DM experiences significant morbidity and mortality from micro vascular (Retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy) and macro vascular complications (Heart attack, stroke and peripheral vascular diseases). Because of frustration with conventional medicine and the desire to search for all possible resources to improve the chronic condition, patients with Diabetes mellitus generally adopts Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) to assist them in coping with and controlling the disease. Noni ( Morinda citrifolia L.) is used in Indian system of medicine for the treatment of variety of diseases and enriched with flavonoids, anthraquinone, glycoside and safe herbal drugs. Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has dose dependent activity and it was significant (p<0.001) decrease in blood glucose level at a dose of 1.8 and 3.6 ml/Kg, p.o., twice a day when compared with dexamethasone control. Further triglycerides were decreased in dose dependent manner and high dose has shown significant (p<0.05) decrease when compared to dexamethasone control. Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has not altered the dexamethasone induced catabolic effect. Morinda citrifolia fruit juice at high dose (3.6ml/Kg, p.o., twice a day) was found to be better than rosiglitazone. But at high dose Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has caused liver damage (micro vesicular steatosis) in rats. Morinda citrifolia fruit juice has shown hypoglycemic effect in normal rats. The above results indicate that the fruit juice is usefull in insulin resistance conditions. It was found that Morinda citrifolia fruit juice possesses hypoglycemic activity and can be used in diabetes.

Cancer preventive Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice against the AflatoxinB1-induced genotoxicity in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro.

Cancer preventive Effect of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) fruit juice against the AflatoxinB1-induced genotoxicity in human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro.