Citric Extract Research Articles

Clinical Case: Treatment for a Sarcoid in a Quarter-Mile Horse Using a Citric Extract Adsorbed to a Titanium Nano-Particles

In a quarter-mile horse, a tumor-like mass was presented on the left flank, with a diagnosis of sarcoid. At the beginning, cures were carried out twice a day with natural water, hydrogen peroxide and coumaphos with propoxur as mosquicide and larvicide, observing that there was no favorable regeneration of the tissue and after the surgical removal of the tumoral mass. Treatment with NANOCIT was initiated on the 16th after surgery, a spray with citrus extracts adsorbed to a titanium nanoparticles (NANOCIT) at 12 hours intervals for 15 days, treatment wit NANOCIT promoted an abundant granulation tissue with a termination of the inflammatory process with good cicatrization.

Clinical Case: Treatment for a Sarcoid in a Quarter-Mile Horse Using a Citric Extract Adsorbed to a Titanium Nano-Particles

Clinical Case: Treatment for a Sarcoid in a Quarter-Mile Horse Using a Citric Extract Adsorbed to a Titanium Nano-Particles

Black Queen Cell Disease in Honeybees. Effect of a Citric Extract Adsorbed to a Titanium Nanoparticle

Black Queen Cell Disease in Honeybees. Effect of a Citric Extract Adsorbed to a Titanium Nanoparticle

Effect of Alternative Preservatives on the Quality of Rice Cakes as Halal Food.

The halal food market is steadily increasing. The use of alcohol for any reason is strictly prohibited in halal foods; however, ethanol is widely used as a preservative for commercial rice cakes (tteok). The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of natural substances as alternative preservatives for rice cakes. Four different solutions were tested: distilled water (control), ethanol, grapefruit seed extract (GSE), and a mixture of citric extracts and organic acids (MCO). We investigated the total plate count (TPC), yeast and mold counts, color, texture profile assays (TPA), and sensory evaluation. Significant reductions of 3.65 log CFU were observed in TPC in rice cake treated with MCO solution after 28 days of storage. However, mold and yeast counts were only reduced by ethanol treatment. Among the physical texture properties analysis, hardness was maintained for the 28 days in all samples. The total color difference values (ΔE) revealed no significant color changes in any rice cake compared to the controls. The ethanol-treated rice cake scored the lowest for overall preference and desired hardness.

Effects of Antioxidants on Lipid Stability, Color Parameters, and Aerobic Plate Count of Beef Patties from Steers Fed Distillers Grains

ObjectivesBeef from steers fed distillers grains plus solubles (DGS) is more susceptible to lipid oxidation due to higher deposition of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the lean. Inclusion of antioxidants in ground beef is an efficient strategy to improve lipid stability. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a novel composition of citrus extracts combined with buffered vinegar leads to improved color stability, lower lipid oxidation, and lower microbial loads of ground beef from steers fed distillers grains, when compared to other antioxidants commonly used by the industry.Materials and MethodsA total of 24 crossbred steers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 dietary treatments including CORN, Dry DGS (DDGS), and Modified DGS (MDGS; 8 steers per treatment). Distillers grains diets were formulated with inclusion levels of 40% DM basis. After slaughter, shoulder clods were collected and transferred under refrigeration to the University of Nevada, Reno Meat Quality Laboratory. After 7 d of aging, the M. latissimus dorsi, M. tensor fasciae antibrachii, and approximately 7.6 cm of the caudal part of the M. Triceps brachii were excised from each clod and ground. Ground samples from individual clods were divided into 4 batches that were subsequently treated with 0.3% of ROSEMARY, 0.25% of ACEROLA, and 0.6% of CITRIC (plus buffered vinegar) extracts. A CONTROL batch was formulated without any ingredient. Patties of 11.5 cm diameter were formed and displayed for 6 d. Instrumental color (L*, a*, b*) was recorded daily using a CR-400 Minolta® chroma meter whereas lipid oxidation (TBA), and aerobic plate count (APC) were evaluated on d 0, 3, and 6. The data were analyzed using GLIMMIX procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary NC) whereas animal (dietary treatment) was considered the main plot and antioxidant treatment the sub plot. Color and TBA data were analyzed as repeated measures.ResultsFor all instrumental color parameters, interactions between dietary treatment and day of display, and antioxidant treatment and day of display were observed (P < 0.01). Patties from steers fed DGS were darker than CONTROL samples on d 1 (48.77b, 50.18b, and 51.86a, for DDGS, WDGS, and CORN, respectively), whereas redness (a*) was greater on DGS patties on d 6 (13.20a, 14.67a, and 11.39b, for DDGS, WDGS, and CORN, respectively). Patties treated with ROSEMARY were significantly lighter than all other treatments on d 6 (53.14a, 50.34b, 50.98b, and 51.14b, for ROSEMARY, ACEROLA, CITRIC, and CONTROL respectively), whereas CITRIC samples were the reddest on d 5 and 6 of display. ACEROLA and CITRIC treatments led to similar lipid stability during display, whereas CITRIC samples showed less oxidation on d 6 when compared to CONTROL and ROSEMARY (0.21c, 0.29bc, 0.41b, and 0.90a, for CITRIC, ACEROLA, ROSEMARY, and CONTROL, respectively). Treatment CITRIC inhibited APC growth by 2 log when compared to all other treatments (3.73b, 5.34a, 5.44a, and 5.42a, for CITRIC, ACEROLA, ROSEMARY, and CONTROL, respectively).ConclusionThe inclusion of CITRIC in ground beef improved redness of patties, whereas patties treated ROSEMARY were lighter. ACEROLA and CITRIC extracts provided better lipid stability to ground beef whereas CITRIC was the only ingredient that inhibited bacterial growth, possibly due to its combination with buffered vinegar.

Removal of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis after Hand Washing with Antimicrobial and Nonantimicrobial Soap and Persistence of These Bacteria in Rinsates

Food handlers are important sources of contamination in the agricultural environment. This study was conducted (i) to evaluate the activity of antimicrobial soaps against Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis using a hand washing model with soiled hands and (ii) to determine the survival and persistence of these bacteria in rinsates. Sterilized agricultural soil from tomato and pepper farms was inoculated with E. coli or E. faecalis at 103 or 106 CFU/g. Decontaminated hands were placed in contact with contaminated soil for 2 min and were then washed with soaps with or without antimicrobial compounds (citric extracts, chloroxylenol, triclosan, or chlorhexidine gluconate). As the control, hands were washed with sterile distilled water. The levels of bacteria remaining on the hands and recovered from the rinsates were determined using a membrane filtration method and selective media. Antimicrobial soaps removed levels of E. coli similar to those removed by distilled water and nonantimicrobial soap on hands contaminated with E. coli at 103 CFU/g. However, when hands were contaminated with E. coli at 106 CFU/g, more E. coli was removed with the chlorhexidine gluconate soap. When hands were contaminated with E. faecalis at 103 CFU/g, bacteria were removed more effectively with soaps containing chloroxylenol or chlorhexidine gluconate. When hands were contaminated with E. faecalis at 106 CFU/g, all of the antimicrobial soaps were more effective for removing the bacteria than were distilled water and nonantimicrobial soap. E. coli grew in all of the hand washing rinsates except that containing triclosan, whereas E. faecalis from the 106 CFU/g treatments grew in rinsates containing chlorhexidine gluconate and in the distilled water rinsates. Washing with antimicrobial soap was more effective for reducing bacteria on soiled hands than was washing with water or nonantimicrobial soap. However, persistence or growth of bacteria in these rinsates poses health risks.

In vivo antifungal activity of neem oil and aqueous extracts against leaf spot disease caused by &lt;i&gt;Cercospora abelmoschii&lt;/i&gt; on okra

The cercospora leaf spot, caused by Cercospora abelmoschi Ellis and Everhart, is quite common in okra culture. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of aqueous extracts of neem ( Azadirachta indica A. Juss), citronella ( Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle), eucalyptus ( Eucalyptus grandis L .), ecolife®, A. indica oil and fungicide cercobin 700 PM® in control of cercospora leaf spot on okra in greenhouse. The extracts and neem oil were tested in concentration 10%, the fungicide cercobin 700PM® in dose 2.5 g.l-1, applied 10 days after pathogen inoculation by leaf spray and the citric biomass extract ecolife® in concentration 5.0 ml.l-1, applied 10 days before pathogen inoculation. All treatments, except ecolife®, were effective in controlling cercospora leaf spot and may be recommended as alternatives in agroecological systems. © JASEM Keywords : Abelmoschus esculentus, aqueous extracts, Cercospora abelmoschi, fungicide cercobin and greenhouse.

Digestibilidade de dietas e metabolismo de suínos alimentados com dietas contendo extratos cítricos

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the digestibility of diets, and metabolism of finishing pigs fed diets containing citric extracts. Twelve barrows with average initial weight of 54 kilograms were used. A completely randomized experimental design was used, with two treatments (control diet and control diet + 750mg.kg-1 of a compound of citric extracts, containing ascorbic acid and bioflavonoids) with six replications, and the animal as an experimental unit. The citric extracts did not alter (p>0.05) nitrogen balance, but increased (p<0.05) in 3.56 % the retained energy and in 1.94 % the digestible energy. Pigs fed diets containing citrus extracts had decreased (p<0.05) from 12.9 % in the level of blood cholesterol. The addition of citric extracts in diets for pigs improves the retention of energy, the use of digestible energy and reduces the plasma cholesterol levels.

Controle da antracnose na pós-colheita de bananas-'prata' com produtos alternativos aos agrotóxicos convencionais

Produtos alternativos aos agrotóxicos convencionais foram avaliados no controle da antracnose causada por Colletotrichum musae em pós-colheita de bananas 'Prata' [Musa spp. (AAB)]. Foram utilizados buquês com três frutos, com diâmetro médio de 32 mm a 36 mm, no estádio pré-climatérico, com coloração de casca totalmente verde. Os frutos foram pulverizados com uma suspensão de conídios de C. musae, na concentração de 2,5x10(5) conídios/mL e mantidos em câmara úmida a 25 ºC, por 24 horas. Após esse período, foram pulverizados com as caldas dos produtos alternativos extrato cítrico 'Biogermex', óleo de nim 'Organic Neem' e óleo de alho 'Probinatu', na concentração de 10,0 mL/L, óleo de pimenta-longa e óleo de cravo-da-índia na concentração de 5,0 mL/L e quitosana na concentração de 10,0 mg/mL, além do fungicida Tectoï SC (tiabendazol) na concentração de 0,65 mL/L. Água destilada foi utilizada como tratamento-testemunha. Os frutos tratados com quitosana, óleo de nim e óleo de alho tiveram a severidade da doença reduzida. O óleo de alho foi o produto mais eficiente, com redução também da incidência da doença. A qualidade dos frutos não foi depreciada por nenhum dos tratamentos alternativos nas concentrações utilizadas.

Plant extracts for controlling the post-harvest anthracnose of banana fruit

In banana, fruit rot is incited by Colletotrichum musae which has been the most serious post-harvest disease of immature and mature fruit. The usual control by fungicides prohibited in many countries reduces their commercial value. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of alternative products to the synthetic fungicides. First, berries naturally infected by anthracnose were immersed into Azadirachta indica and citric extracts at 2 and 4% (v/v) for 3 minutes and stored for 11 days under environmental conditions. Next, other berries were immersed into essential oil emulsions of Allium sativum, Copaifera langsdorfii, Cinnamomum zeylanicum and Eugenia caryophyllata at 5% for 3 minutes but stored for 11 days. Berries immersed into distilled water were used as control-treatments. The percentage of disease incidence observed in the control-treatment was similar to the ones observed in the extract of A. indica at 2%. The control-treatment showed disease severity of 75.13% and the percentage of disease control was 20.85%. Fruit immersed into distilled water presented less effectiveness than the ones immersed into citric extracts, which promoted the highest effectiveness. Citric extract at 4% was the most efficient treatment because the disease incidence was 19.44%, the disease severity was 9.34% and the disease control was 90.16%. Less severity and, consequently, more disease control were achieved by immersing the berries into the emulsion of essential oil of A. sativum, followed by treatments with C. langsdorfii, E. caryophyllata and C. zeylanicum.

Alimentação de leitões em creche com dietas contendo ácido ascórbico e bioflavonóides

An experiment was carried out to evaluate the post-weaning performance of piglets fed during 42 days diets with or without citric extracts. Thirty-two weanling piglets were used, with initial average live weight of 6.2 kg (± 0.87), during one period of 42 days. A complete randomized block design was utilized, with two treatments: control diet CD, and CD + 750 mg kg-1 of citric extracts (ascorbic acid + bioflavonoids), with eight replicates and two animals per experimental unit. Final live weight was 4% higher (p 0.05) by the citric extracts. Addition of citric extracts containing bioflavonoids and ascorbic acid in diets can improve piglet post-weaning performance by increasing voluntary feed intake.

Controle de oídio em pepino parternocárpico com produtos alternativos em cultivo protegido

O oídio é a doença mais importante para pepino partenocárpico em cultivo protegido na Região Norte do Paraná, em períodos de baixa umidade. As características desse agrossistema propiciam condições favoráveis ao uso de medidas alternativas para o controle dessa doença. Assim, cinco produtos alternativos foram avaliados para o controle de oídio em pepino partenocárpico, híbrido Hokushin, em cultivo protegido: leite cru de vaca, óleo de nim, acibenzolar-s-metil, extrato aquoso de cama de frango, extrato cítrico (Ecolife® 40) e o fungicida azoxistrobin, nas concentrações (ingrediente ativo por litro de água): 50,0 ml; 5,0 ml; 0,025g; 2,0 ml da diluição 1:2 v/v, e 0,06g, respectivamente. Os melhores resultados foram verificados para o óleo de nim, com eficiência de controle superior a azoxistrobin (36,8 e 27,8 %, respectivamente). Extrato de cama de frango e ecolife apresentaram os piores desempenhos, com eficiência de controle de 6,5 e 10,5%, respectivamente.

Efecto del hipoclorito de sodio y extracto de cítricos en la reducción de la infestación con nematodos gastrointestinales resistentes a antihelmínticos en ovinos de pelo

The study included two experiments. The objective of experiment one was to learn about the in vitro effect of different sodium hypochlorite concentrations and a commercially-available citric extract on the survival of infestant larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes by observation at different time points. With >0.05% sodium hypochlorite concentrations, larvae lost their sheaths in two minutes, while at 1.3% concentration larvae died within one hour. Larval mortality also occurred as late as 12 h after exposure to the concentrations tested of citric extract.

Indução de fitoalexinas em soja e em sorgo e efeito fungitóxico de extratos cítricos sobre Colletotrichum lagenarium e Fusarium semitectum

The widespread application of agrotoxics to control crop diseases and pests has caused the human and environmental contamination problems and the selection of resistant pathogens to these chemical products. Thus, the purpose of this work was, by means of citric extracts, (Ecolife40 commercial product), to assess the antifungal activity, as well as the induction of phytoalexins in soybean and sorghum, in order to develop an alternative method of phytopathogens control. The effect of concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 5000 ppm of citric extract was carried out on Colletotrichum lagenarium and Fusarium semitectum. Besides, the mycelial growth and sporulation, spores germination and dry weight were evaluated. The induction of gliceollins phytoalexins in soybean cotyledons and deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghum mesocotyls was also verified. Through the results obtained, it was verified that citric extract showed antifungal and phytoalexins-inducing activities in all the essays performed. The antimicrobial activity was dosis-dependent, the most efficient being the 5000 ppm of citric extract. The gliceollin accumulation in soybean was greater for the concentration of 5000 ppm of citric extract, while for sorghum, there was a production peak in 100 ppm.

Efeito antimicrobiano de extrato cítrico sobre Ralstonia solanacearum e Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis

The widespread application of agrotoxics to control crop diseases has caused human and environmental contamination problems and also a selection of resistant pathogens to these chemical products. Thus, the aim of this work was, by means of citric extract, (Ecolife40 commercial product), to assess the antibacterial activity. The effect of concentrations of 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 5000 ppm of citric extract was carried out on bacteria Ralstonia solanacearum and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis through observation of the following parameters: inhibition zone, optical density and colony-forming units. Through the obtained results, it was verified that citric extract showed antibacterial activities. The antibacterial activity was dosis-dependent, and it is more efficient at 5000 ppm.