Circulatory Disturbances Research Articles

Effects of benzophenone-3 on the liver and thyroid of adult zebrafish

1. Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), commonly known as oxybenzone, is an organic compound that acts as a sunscreen, protecting the skin from UVA and UVB rays. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of BP-3 on the liver and thyroid using morphological and biochemical approaches. 2. Adult male zebrafish were randomly assigned to three groups, each with three repetitions (n = 10 per group): water control, solvent control (0.01% ethanol), and 1 μg/L of BP-3, using a static exposure system for 96 hours. After the experiment, histopathological analyses of the liver and thyroid were performed, along with histochemical analyses (glycogen) and biochemical evaluations of the antioxidant enzymes Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Catalase (CAT). 3. Exposure to BP-3 resulted in significant histopathological changes in the liver of Danio rerio, increasing the frequency of circulatory disturbances, progressive changes, inflammatory responses, and regressive changes. On the other hand, the thyroid gland did not show any morphological changes during exposure to BP-3, maintaining its typical structure with follicles. There was a significant increase in SOD activity, while CAT showed no changes after 96 hours of exposure. 4. The results obtained demonstrate that exposure to BP-3 causes significant morphophysiological changes in the liver of D. rerio, highlighting not only the negative impacts on the health of these organisms but also the ecotoxicological potential of the substance and its consequences for aquatic biota in contaminated environments.

A Cartilage-Saving Technique for Tragus and Antitragus Fabrication in Auricular Reconstruction.

Background: For auricular reconstruction surgery using autologous costal cartilage, younger patients typically have a limited amount of costal cartilage available. Objective: We introduce a cartilage-saving technique for fabricating the tragus and antitragus, and evaluate its effectiveness based on aesthetic score and complications. Methods: For tragus fabrication, the residual part of the seventh costal cartilage was reoriented by 90° to increase its height and carved into a seagull-shaped structure. The antitragus was constructed by bending the antihelix and stabilizing it on the broadened base frame. Postoperative aesthetic outcomes and complications were documented and analyzed. Results: This study included a total of 658 patients with lobule-type microtia, of whom 356 (54.1%) were male and 302 (45.9%) were female. The average age was 6.5 ± 0.7 years, and the average follow-up period was 13.6 ± 3.5 months. The average aesthetic outcome score was 9.0 ± 0.7. Wound dehiscence at the tragus was seen in four patients, while circulation disturbance at the incisura intertragica area was noted in six patients. Conclusions: This cartilage-sparing technique demonstrated effectiveness in shaping aesthetic tragus and antitragus.

Hypertension is associated with the reduction in epidermal small fibres independently of sural nerve inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects.

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a multifactorial disease associated not only with hyperglycaemia but also with circulatory disturbances such as hypertension. A close interaction between the immune system and hypertension is known. It remains unclear whether the inflammatory response is associated with hypertension in the pathology of human DPN. Autopsied patients were evaluated: 7 non-diabetic patients (nDM), 11 non-diabetic patients with hypertension (nDMHT), 6 patients with diabetes (DM) and 9 patients with hypertension and diabetes (DMHT). Intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) was examined by immunofluorescent staining. Dissected sural nerve (SNs) were morphometrically quantified. Dermal and endoneurial macrophage infiltration was evaluated by double immunostaining using anti-CD68 and anti-CD206 antibodies. IENFD was significantly decreased in DM compared to nDM (p < 0.05) and was further decreased in DMHT (p < 0.05). Myelinated nerve fibre density (MNFD) in the SN was significantly decreased in DM compared with nDM (p < 0.05) and further decreased in DMHT (p < 0.01 vs. DM). The infiltration of CD206-/CD68+ proinflammatory macrophages in the SN was significantly increased in DM compared to nDM (p < 0.05), whilst the number of CD206+/CD68+ anti-inflammatory macrophages was decreased in DM (p < 0.05). Hypertension had no impact on macrophage infiltration. The ratio of CD206- and CD206+ macrophage was negatively correlated with MNFD (r = 0.42, p < 0.05) but not IENFD (r = 0.30, p = 0.09). Dermal CD206+ macrophage infiltration was similar amongst all groups. Diabetes complicated by hypertension significantly increased the total diffusion barrier thickness (p < 0.01 vs. DM). Total diffusion barrier thickness was inversely correlated with both IENFD (r = -0.59, p < 0.01) and MNFD (r =-0.62, p < 0.01). Our results suggest that vascular factors and inflammation might be synergistically involved in pathological changes in human diabetic patients through different mechanisms.

Is platelet-rich plasma as safe as we think?: a case report

BackgroundPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous plasma product in which the concentration of platelets is several times higher than the physiologic level in peripheral blood and is a kind of concentrated form of platelet growth factor. It is widely used in dentistry, sports medicine, dermatology and cosmetology, gynecology and reproductive medicine, and ophthalmology. It has also been used in neurology for pain alleviation and regeneration of neurons. Herein, a 4-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and received PRP subcutaneous injection was presented.Case presentationA 4-year-old patient, who was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis at the age of 3 years old and recovered with severe neurological sequelae despite treatment, received PRP subcutaneous injection in a private center to provide neuronal regeneration. The patient was admitted to our hospital 5 days after PRP with fever, refusal to feed, and decreased urine output. He was intubated due to respiratory distress. Inotropic treatments were initiated when hypotension and circulatory disturbance did not improve despite appropriate intravenous fluid administration. Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteremia was detected. Unfortunately, the patient died despite all interventions.ConclusionIn this case, it should not be ignored that the PRP procedure, which can be performed easily and quickly for various indications in many health institutions today, may be associated with serious side effects that may result in death. PRP injection must be performed in competent hands, following disinfection recommendations.

The Effect of Larger Orthodontic Forces and Movement Types over a Dental Pulp and Neuro-Vascular Bundle of Lower Premolars in Intact Periodontium-A Numerical Analysis.

This numerical analysis of stress distribution in the dental pulp and neuro-vascular bundle (NVB) of lower premolars assessed the ischemic and degenerative-resorptive risks generated by 2 and 4 N during orthodontic movements (rotation, translation, tipping, intrusion and extrusion) in intact periodontium. The numerical analysis was performed on nine intact periodontium 3D models of the second lower premolar of nine patients totaling 90 simulations. In intact periodontium, both forces displayed a similar stress distribution for all five orthodontic movements but different amounts of stress (a doubling for 4 N when compared with 2 N), with the highest values displayed in NVB. In intact periodontium, 2 N and 4 N induced stresses lower than the maximum hydrostatic pressure (MHP) with no ischemic risks for healthy intact teeth. The rotation was seen as the most stressful movement, closely followed by intrusion and extrusion. Translation was quantitatively seen as the least stressful when compared with other movements. Larger orthodontic forces of 2 N and 4 N are safe (with any expected ischemic or resorptive risks) for the dental pulp and NVB of healthy intact teeth and in intact periodontium. Nevertheless, rotation and translation movements can induce localized circulatory disturbances in coronal pulp (i.e., vestibular and proximal sides) generating ischemic and resorptive risks on previously treated teeth (i.e., direct and indirect dental pulp capping). The intrusion and extrusion movements, due to the higher NVB-induced deformation when compared with the other three movements, could trigger circulatory disturbances followed by ischemia on previously traumatized teeth (i.e., occlusal trauma).

Exploring Feature Relationships in Brain Stroke Data Using Polynomial Feature Transformation and Linear Regression Modeling

A Cerebral vascular accident, commonly known as a stroke, is a pathological condition that impacts the brain due to the rupture of capillaries. It occurs when there is a disturbance in the typical blood circulation and essential physiological processes of the brain. Stroke prediction plays a crucial role in early diagnosis and intervention, potentially improving patient outcomes. This paper proposes a machine learning model that leverages polynomial feature transformation and linear regression modeling for stroke prediction. The model addresses the challenge of capturing non-linear relationships between features and the target variable while maintaining interpretability. The proposed approach involves preprocessing data by separating categorical and numerical features, applying one-hot encoding to categorical features, and generating polynomial features up to the second degree for numerical features. This tailored preprocessing is facilitated by a Column Transformer. For model development, a machine learning pipeline is constructed, splitting the data into training and testing sets. Despite utilizing polynomial features, linear regression is employed as the final model, allowing for the capture of both linear and non-linear relationships while maintaining interpretability. This work contributes to stroke prediction by offering a balanced approach that considers model complexity and interpretability, showcasing the potential of linear regression with polynomial features for accurate predictions and insights into feature-target relationships. The proposed model exhibited superior performance compared to other existing models, achieving a remarkable testing accuracy of 99.2%.

6436 Adrenal Venous Congestion Clinically Mimicking Carcinoma In A Large Degenerated Adrenocortical Adenoma

Abstract Disclosure: K. Ishiwata: None. S. Suzuki: None. S. Watanabe: None. Y. Yamazaki: None. H. Sasano: None. K. Yokote: None. Introduction: A large heterogenous adrenal tumor is often malignant. Only eight reported cases of adrenal adenoma harboring hemorrhage or venous thrombosis have been reported but their details not. We encountered a case of large degenerated adrenocortical adenoma harboring adrenal venous congestion mimicking adrenocortical carcinoma. Case: Adrenal tumor was incidentally detected in a 71-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis in her regular health check-up. Abdominal CT and MRI demonstrated a heterogenous mass measuring 7.6 cm with peripheral enhancement in the left adrenal gland. [1]3[1]I-adosterol scintigraphy revealed accumulation only in the left tumor margins with no accumulation in [1]8F-FDG-PET scan. Results of endocrinologic evaluation were consistent with subclinical Cushing syndrome. The large size and heterogeneous nature of the mass clinically suggested adrenocortical malignancy, and left laparoscopic adrenalectomy was subsequently performed. The resected left adrenal lesion was encapsulated and measured 6.5 x 6.3 x 5.8 cm appearing almost black and partially yellow on the cut surface. Microscopically, the nodule was composed of SF-1 positive, clear cortical cells with abundant hyaline stroma containing numerous dilated veins with CD31/34-positive endothelial cells, and no foci of necrosis or hemorrhage were detected. The tumor cells above were positive for steroidogenic enzymes including CTP17, HSD3β and CYP11B1 but negative for CYP11B2. Ki-67 labeling index was &amp;lt;2% in the tumor. The criteria of Weiss (0 out of 9) revealed that the tumor was cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenoma. Discussion: In this case, clusters of SF1-positive cortisol producing adrenocortical adenoma cells were present in the hyalinized stroma containing many dilated blood vessels. These findings indicated that those histological features were caused by ischemic degeneration due to intratumoral circulatory disturbance, which clinically simulated adrenocortical carcinoma. Conclusion: We have experienced a very rare case of cortisol-producing adrenocortical adenoma with adrenal venous congestion, resulting in marked enlargement of the lesion. Presentation: 6/3/2024

In-situ CT scan-based analysis of damage evolution of coral reef limestone under cyclic loads

The subtropical hurricane, ocean circulation, and excavation disturbance by deep engineering of island reefs bring many challenges for the insight into the mechanical behaviors of coral reef limestone (CRL) under cyclic loads. This paper investigated the damage characteristics of coral gravel limestone (CGL) under triaxial cyclic loads based on the in-situ computed tomography (CT) technique and digital volume correlation method (DVC). The results suggested that the plastic strain of CGL still existed after unloading in the stage of linear elastic deformation. Crack initiation within the specimen occurred at the stress level of about 0.72, and accelerated damage occurred when the stress level exceeded 0.86. Subsequently, we utilized DVC technique to visualize the evolution process of 3-D strain field under cyclic loads. The strain field of the specimen generated strain release in the locality of crack initiation, and the heterogeneous degree of strain field firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of upper limit pressure. Moreover, the secant modulus exhibits a trend consistent with the heterogeneous degree of strain field. Therefore, we introduced the concept of self-information entropy to characterized the heterogeneous degree of strain field, attempting to describe the process of compression and damage of sample. The evolving relationship between secant modulus and axial strain of CGL under cyclic loads was established based on the heterogeneity of strain field. The proposed model provides promising way to predict secant modulus of porous rock materials based on-site CT testing and in-situ measurement in practical engineering.

Assessing risk factors for elevated creatine kinase levels as an indicator of compartment syndrome following laparoscopic or robot-assisted colorectal cancer surgery in the lithotomy-trendelenburg position

BackgroundWell-leg compartment syndrome (WLCS) can occur due to compression and lower limb circulation disturbances caused by the surgical position during the procedure. Although rare, with an incidence of 1 in 3500 surgeries performed in the lithotomy position, it can lead to serious complications. Therefore, prevention and early diagnosis are critical. Symptoms of WLCS, such as leg pain, swelling, paresthesia, and serum creatine kinase (CK) levels are useful for diagnosis. This study aimed to investigate the risk factors for postoperative CK elevation in laparoscopic or robot-assisted colorectal cancer surgery performed in the lithotomy-Trendelenburg position.MethodsPostoperative CK levels were measured in 178 patients who underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted colorectal cancer surgery between February 2022 and March 2023. We compared patient backgrounds, short-term outcomes, and thigh/calf circumferences between patients with CK levels ≥ 250 (n = 62) and those with CK levels < 250 (n = 116). We investigated risk factors for elevated CK levels using both univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsFour patients with CK levels of 22405 U/L, 4685 U/L, 4050 U/L, and 3824 U/L reported symptoms, which improved with conservative treatment. The following independent prognostic factors were identified by multivariate analysis: male sex (odds ratio [OR], 4.403; 95% CI, 1.960 to 9.892), rectal surgery (OR, 2.779; 95% CI, 1.249 to 6.184), continuous head-down position duration ≥ 180 min (OR, 3.523; 95% CI, 1.552 to 7.997), and preoperative calf circumference ≥ 33 cm (OR, 2.482; 95% CI, 1.154 to 5.339).ConclusionsRisk factors for CK elevation after colorectal cancer surgery in the lithotomy position include male sex, rectal surgery, an extended continuous head-down position without position changes, and a larger preoperative calf circumference. This study highlights the potential importance of intraoperative position changes every 3 h for preventing elevated CK levels, although the preventive effect was not specifically examined.

Intrapericardial Teratoma and Associated 3q29 Deletion in a Fetus: Case Report.

Depending on its location, size, and proximity to the cardiac structures, an intrapericardial teratoma may lead to severe circulatory disturbances and even fetal demise. A 34-year-old G2P1 presented at 20w5d with a solid cystic mass in the right thorax of the fetus, originating from the right atrium or lung, with signs of non-immune fetal hydrops, soon resulting in intrauterine fetal death. Detailed post-mortem autopsy revealed signs of hydrops fetalis universalis due to a spherical tumor mass originating from the aortic root. Histologic examination of the tumor showed the characteristic morphology of a teratoma. A 1.6-Mb microdeletion at 3q29 was identified by single nucleotide polymorphism array. This is the first report presenting the diagnosis of an intrapericardial teratoma in a fetus with a microdeletion of 3q29. Intrapericardial teratoma has a poor prognosis and the fetal outcome relies on the development of hydrops. A post-mortem examination is essential in order to make a definitive diagnosis, which underlines the status of the fetal pathologist and the need for interdisciplinary cooperation.

Pathophysiology of syncope: current concepts and their development.

Syncope is a symptom in which transient loss of consciousness occurs as a consequence of a self-limited, spontaneously terminating period of cerebral hypoperfusion. Many circulatory disturbances (e.g. brady- or tachyarrhythmias, reflex cardioinhibition-vasodepression-hypotension) may trigger a syncope or near-syncope episode, and identifying the cause(s) is often challenging. Some syncope may involve multiple etiologies operating in concert, whereas in other cases multiple syncope events may be due to various differing causes at different times. In this communication, we address the current understanding of the principal contributors to syncope pathophysiology including examination of the manner in which concepts evolved, an overview of factors that constitute consciousness and loss of consciousness, and aspects of neurovascular control and communication that are impacted by cerebral hypoperfusion leading to syncope. Emphasis focuses on 1) current understanding of the way transient systemic hypotension impacts brain blood flow and brain function; 2) the complexity and temporal sequence of vascular, humoral, and cardiac factors that may accompany the most common causes of syncope; 3) the range of circumstances and disease states that may lead to syncope; and 4) clinical features associated with syncope and in particular the reflex syncope syndromes.

INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON THE COUPLED HEAT AND MOISTURE TRANSFER THERMAL CALCULATION IN CHINA

ABSTRACT The climate in China varies substantially across its extensive territory. However, the traditional thermal design of buildings is primarily based on pure heat calculation that considers only heat transfer. Therefore, the heat transfer of a building envelope should be clarified under the action of periodic external disturbance circulation. In this study, four different climatic factors were selected for heat transfer simulation, including season, solar radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity. The results indicate that the outdoor relative humidity has a significant impact on the difference between coupled heat and moisture calculation and pure thermal calculation. This influence becomes evident in the cooling conditions in summer but weakens in the winter heating conditions. Accordingly, the meteorological data of 270 cities in China were statistically analyzed using Python programming language. The concept of “cooling high-humidity days” was proposed as a zoning indicator for coupled heat and humidity thermal calculation zoning. The coupled heat and moisture thermal calculation design zoning map of China is provided, which affords the specific calculation method in building thermal design.

CORRECTION OF HEALTH DEVIATIONS CAUSED BY UNFAVORABLE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS USING NON-PHARMACOLOGICAL MEANS

Lack of atmospheric oxygen (exogenous hypoxia) in residents of high mountain areas leads to functional disturbances of blood circulation, blood composition, activity of tissue respiration enzymes and resulting other biochemical abnormalities, causing a number of diseases. And the open mines operating in these regions create an unfavorable ecological environment, contributing to the deepening of functional disorders of the body among the population. Adolescents in this region are also at risk for the development of pathological processes. These risks can be reduced, and diseases can be prevented using non-drug means, using herbs with antihypoxic effects and special breathing exercises.

Severe Circulatory Disturbance in Optic Disc, Retina, and Choroid Following Sub-Tenon Triamcinolone Acetonide Injection for Posterior Scleritis.

To report a rare case of optic disc and chorioretinal vascular occlusions in the right eye following sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA) in an older male patient with scleritis and to discuss the associated risk factors and potential alternative therapies. The medical history and clinical examination, including fundoscopy, fluorescein angiography (FA), and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), were conducted to diagnose and evaluate the extent of vascular occlusion after STTA. An extensive literature review was undertaken to ascertain the associated risks and consider other treatment options for scleritis. Severe circulatory disturbances in the optic disc and chorioretinal regions of the right eye developed after STTA for exacerbated scleritis, as confirmed by FA and ICGA, resulting in a significant decrease in visual acuity. A complex medical history encompassing ophthalmic and systemic health issues may have contributed to this negative outcome. A literature review pointed out the potential complications of STTA and highlighted alternative approaches to scleritis management. Cautious application of STTA in treating scleritis is crucial, especially in patients with pre-existing vascular or ocular conditions. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach and a careful assessment of various treatment options are vital to minimize the risk of severe complications and improve patient outcomes.

Efficacy of Astragalus membranaceus–Carthamus tinctorius in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: Insights from metabolomics and mass spectrometry imaging

BackgroundThe combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Carthamus tinctorius (AC) exhibits significant therapeutic effects in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CIRI). Understanding the metabolic characteristics of brain microregions and disturbances in tissues and systemic circulation is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms of CIRI and the therapeutic benefits of AC. However, in situ metabolic regulation of the complex brain structure has not been adequately studied, and the therapeutic mechanism of AC requires immediate clarification. PurposeThe present study aimed to unveil the specific metabolic reprogramming of CIRI at systemic and microregional levels, identify key metabolic pathways and metabolites, and elucidate the therapeutic mechanisms of AC. MethodsAir flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (AFADESI-MSI), a newly developed technique, was used to investigate metabolites in brain microregions. Hematoxylin-eosin, Nissl, and immunofluorescence staining were performed to visualize the microscopic changes associated with spatial metabolism. A comprehensive metabolomics study was conducted on serum, brain tissue, and microregions, along with neurological assessments, cerebral infarction measurements, and Evans blue experiments, to assess the systemic and local metabolic effects of AC treatment for CIRI. ResultsAC significantly reduced neurological damage, minimized infarct size, and repaired blood–brain barrier damage in CIRI rats. AFADESI-MSI demonstrated that the metabolic imbalance caused by CIRI primarily occurs in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, caudate putamen, thalamus, cerebellar cortex, and fiber tract regions. Significant changes in 16 metabolites were observed in these regions, corresponding to neuron damage, glial cell activation, and neural repair. 20 metabolites from serum and 4 from brain tissue varied significantly with the sham group. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis indicated a close relationship among serum, tissue, and microregional metabolism. CIRI-induced systemic and localized metabolic disorders involve 14 metabolic pathways. AC conferred therapeutic benefits in CIRI by reversing various metabolic imbalances. ConclusionAFADESI-MSI efficiently visualized brain microregion metabolism. Comprehensive metabolomics analysis revealed detailed insights into the specific metabolic reprogramming in CIRI and the therapeutic impacts of AC. AC demonstrated significant clinical potential as an adjunct therapy to existing CIRI treatments.

DOES THE COMBINATION OF ROSMARINUS OFFICINALIS AND CENTELLA ASIATICA NANOEMULSIONS AFFECT BDNF EXPRESSION IN THE GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS MODEL IN ZEBRAFISH LARVAE

Background: Pancreatic β-cells compensate for the increased insulin demand due to increasing glucose levels during pregnancy or in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The enzyme that regulates the rate of gluconeogenesis production is PEPCK. Circulatory and metabolic disturbances in the brain caused by hyperglycemia could affect brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression as an agent for neurodevelopment. Objective: The purpose of this work is to ascertain the impact of combining nanoemulsions of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica on the expression of BDNF and PEPCK. Methods: This study was a true experimental laboratory using zebrafish larvae. The larvae were exposed to 3% glucose and a combination of nanoemulsion extracts. The study sample of zebrafish larvae at 72 hpf (hour post fertilization) was divided into control, glucose, treatment 1, 2, and 3, with the combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsions at 2.5 μg/ml, 5 μg/ml, and 10 μg/ml, respectively. PEPCK and BDNF expression were measured by the real-time PCR method. Results: The expression of PEPCK increased significantly in the glucose group (3.05 ± 0.27). The combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsions significantly decreased PEPCK (p-value 0,001 &lt; 0.05). The BDNF level did not significantly differ (p-value 0.253 &gt;0.05) among groups, but the highest level (1.06 ± 0.60) was gained in the T2 group, which received an embryonic medium (EM), 3% glucose, and the combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsions at 5μg/ml. Conclusion: The combination of Rosmarinus officinalis and Centella asiatica nanoemulsions significantly reduces PEPCK expression but does not affect BDNF expression.

Effects of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), active principle of detergents, on the liver and kidney of zebrafish (Danio rerio)

ABSTRACT Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), a predominant component in detergents, requires an evaluation of its toxicological potential due to its hazardous environmental levels. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicological effects of SDBS on the liver and kidney of male D. rerio. Therefore, we evaluated the toxicological effects of SDBS on the liver and kidney of male D. rerio. The fish were divided into three groups: 0.0 (control), 0.25, and 0.5 mg/L of SDBS with exposure for up to 96 hours. After exposure, histopathological, histochemical (hepatic glycogen content), and biochemical analyses (SOD and CAT enzyme analysis) were performed on both organs. The results showed significant histopathological effects, such as circulatory disturbances and progressive and regressive alterations, leading to an altered histopathological alteration index. SOD and CAT enzymes exhibited prominent changes. Thus, it became clear that the surfactant SDBS can cause serious hepatic and renal problems in D. rerio fish, even with short-term exposure, necessitating more stringent control and regulation in the disposal of this surfactant.

Paracentesis - haemodynamic effects of large-volume paracentesis (LVP)

Introduction: Ascites is one of the manifestations of acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis. Study results in recent years indicate that liver cirrhosis is a systemic inflammation and leads to altered haemodynamics in addition to organ complications. The haemodynamic effects of paracentesis on the disturbed circulation must therefore be reconsidered. Methods: Observational study of 21 patients who underwent haemodynamic and laboratory monitoring before, under and up to 48 hours after paracentesis with albumin substitution using noninvasive haemodynamic monitoring (esCCO TM System®, Nihon Kohden, Japan).

Mixed convection in a variable size cavity: Effect of flexible wall characteristics

Boosting the mixed convection in vented cavities using a moving wall results in a disturbed strong circulation. This study investigates the mitigation of the disturbed circulation to promote the transfer of heat by providing additional size to the circulation. The use of deformable walls with different thicknesses, lengths and modulus of elasticity is suggested for this problem. The top wall of the cavity is adiabatic and moves in the positive direction, and four speeds were studied; 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 times the fluid velocity at the inlet vent. The ratio of the natural to forced convection is controlled by ranging Richardson number by 0.01 ≤ Ri ≤ 100. Three aspect ratios are studied; AR = 0.5 (horizontal cavity), 1 and 2 (tall cavity). The problem is treated numerically using the finite element method. Results indicate that the fluid flow inside the vented square cavity changes from major single vortices into multi vortices at high (Ri = 100). Results affirm that a flexible wall yields a higher Nusselt number than the rigid wall, it's about 12 %, and 20 % for Ri = 0.01 and 10, respectively. A thicker flexible wall augments the Nusselt number for Ri ≤ 10. For specified conditions, the Nusselt number of the horizontal cavity is 17.7 % greater than the tall cavity. The lid speed of uLid = 4 uin exhibits a competent role in raising the Nusselt number for low Richardson number.

Individual and joint associations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) with gallstone disease in adults: A cross-sectional study

Disturbances in the enterohepatic circulation are important biological mechanisms for causing gallstones and also have important effects on the metabolism of Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Moreover, PFAS is associated with sex hormone disorder which is another important cause of gallstones. However, it remains unclear whether PFAS is associated with gallstones. In this study, we used logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), quantile g-computation (qg-comp), Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and subgroup analysis to assess the individual and joint associations of PFAS with gallstones and effect modifiers. We observed that the individual associations of perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDeA) (OR: 0.600, 95% CI: 0.444 to 0.811), perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUA) (OR: 0.630, 95% CI: 0.453 to 0.877), n-perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOS) (OR: 0.719, 95% CI: 0.571 to 0.906), and perfluoromethylheptane sulfonic acid isomers (Sm-PFOS) (OR: 0.768, 95% CI: 0.602 to 0.981) with gallstones were linearly negative. Qg-comp showed that the PFAS mixture (OR: 0.777, 95% CI: 0.514 to 1.175) was negatively associated with gallstones, but the difference was not statistically significant, and PFDeA had the highest negative association. Moreover, smoking modified the association of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) with gallstones. BKMR showed that PFDeA, PFNA, and PFUA had the highest groupPIP (groupPIP = 0.93); PFDeA (condPIP = 0.82), n-perfluorooctanoic acid (n-PFOA) (condPIP = 0.68), and n-PFOS (condPIP = 0.56) also had high condPIPs. Compared with the median level, the joint association of the PFAS mixture with gallstones showed a negative trend; when the PFAS mixture level was at the 70th percentile or higher, they were negatively associated with gallstones. Meanwhile, when other PFAS were fixed at the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, PFDeA had negative associations with gallstones. Our evidence emphasizes that PFAS is negatively associated with gallstones, and more studies are needed in the future to definite the associations of PFAS with gallstones and explore the underlying biological mechanisms.