Circulation Speed Research Articles

Optimisation of Urban Logistics Distribution Routing with Time Window

Reasonable optimization of the path can not only reduce unnecessary logistics cost expenditure; efficient circulation speed can also enhance the economic development of the city. In the process of the transformation of the model, it will be directly affected by the change of the importance of logistics enterprises to logistics distribution work. Based on the background of urban logistics, the optimization process of multi-logistics distribution path with time window is comprehensively studied. The relevant theoretical knowledge involved in the distribution link is reviewed, and through the analysis of the existing problems of urban logistics and the vehicle path optimization problem, the heuristic algorithm is used to establish the path optimization model of urban logistics center with time window, which reduces the vehicle transportation cost, thus reducing the total cost of logistics, and at the same time, improves the efficiency of the internal circulation of urban logistics and accelerates the economic development.

Mechanisms controlling haemolymph circulation under resting conditions in the Chagas disease vector Rhodnius prolixus.

Chagas disease vectors can ingest several times their own volume in blood with each meal. This ad libitum feeding causes an intense process of diuresis, inducing the insect to eliminate a large quantity of urine and faeces. To ensure diuresis, the speed of circulation of the haemolymph is increased. The Triatominae circulatory system is quite simple, including the dorsal vessel, which pumps haemolymph in an anterograde direction. The return is caused by peristaltic contractions of the anterior midgut. Triatominae insects can spend several weeks without feeding, meaning that most of the time, the insect is in a resting condition. Although the mechanisms controlling the circulation of the haemolymph during post-prandial diuresis have been largely analysed, the mechanisms controlling it during resting conditions are poorly understood. In this study, we analysed several canonical pathways (i.e. L-type VGCC, GPCR, RyR, IP3R) and a novel system represented by the recently characterized Piezo proteins. Our results show that during the resting condition, haemolymph circulation depends on a cross-talk between myogenic activity, inhibitory and stimulatory cellular messengers, and Piezo proteins. This report also unveils for the first time the existence of a putative Piezo protein in Hemiptera.

Conversations on Meaningful Memes 2024

Internet microformats (short stories, gifs, pics, memes, demotivators, etc.) have a short life compared to “monumental” content, but are characterized by a high speed of circulation and reproduction. Metaphorically, this allows us to designate their life cycle and the specifics of penetration into the information environment, and from there to the consumer, as “virulent”. Memes are short messages, usually combining visual and verbal levels. Their social functions (not to mention cognitive ones), the nature of the impact on the values ​​of generations, the formation and catalysis of worldviews, are usually underestimated. In a dialogic format, representatives of different generations discuss current memes of 2024. The participants in the conversation (authors) talk about what memes broadcast new memes and how they do it. The focus is on corporeality and body representation in memes. The conversations also touch on “peripheral” topics – soviet and post-soviet culture, scandalous events in the media, etc. The dialogues perform at least two functions: first, they are the result of understanding significant microformats and transmitted meanings; second, the texts of the conversations can serve as material for understanding the values ​​of representatives of different generations, understanding patterns and stereotypes of thought. The authors hope that the texts offered to the reader will play at least one of these roles.

Dynamic amplification of rail tracks in high-speed lines: Exploring train effects and impact of ground treatment

When the train circulation speed is much lower than the critical speed of the track-ground system, problems with dynamic amplification effects are purely theoretical. However, the situation can change if a new high-speed line, with a higher operation speed, is planned for a site with soft soils. In such cases, it may be necessary to assess the importance and consequences of the critical speed phenomenon on safety and operational costs of the railway track. A practical measure involving the ground treatment may contribute to an improvement of the system behaviour. This measure is based on replacing a portion of the natural soil with stiffer materials or by employing grouting. The current paper provides numerical evidence as the soil reinforcement significantly improves the dynamic behaviour of the ground-track system. It is also possible to conclude that localized ground reinforcement below the track yields a response similar to extending the reinforcement over a larger area. This conclusion is particularly interesting for engineering practice and for numerical/semi-analytical analysis. The study of the effect of the train geometry on the critical speeds of the train-track system is also carried out. However, the main conclusion is that the definition of the critical speed as the value that induces larger amplification due to the passage of a single load is a conservative approach. Finally, it was observed that an approach based on the calculation of the dispersion curves enhances an adequate estimation of the system’s critical speed.

Ассоциация пролетарских писателей в Саратове как провинциальный эпизод в истории ВАПП

Saratov’s literary process in the New Economy Policy Period was defined by the small regional budget, the slow speed of documentation circulation, and the absence of distinct political guidance from the Party and literary censorship organs up to the mid-1920s, as the themes of the cultural agenda were often chosen by the trade unions. The regional Proletkult became the foundation for the Saratov Association of Proletarian Writers (SAPW). Until the moment the SAPW received the support of the central organs, it did not have sufficient energy for creative and propagandistic activities, which were left to the Proletkult. On gaining this support, the organisation became dependent on the guiding Moscow organs. The search for new ways for proletarian literature revitalised the academic study of literature in Saratov. A new group of literary scholars appeared, which brought new life to Saratov philology. A significant contribution to this was made by G. Lelevich.

Literasi Financial Technology dan Pengenalan Aplikasi Flip.id untuk Meningkatkan Pemberdayaan Warga Pelaku Usaha di Kecamatan Pondok Aren

Financial technology, or FinTech, is an innovation in technology designed to facilitate financial transactions so that they can be carried out practically, easily, and efficiently using computer devices or mobile phones via the internet. Thanks to the wide range of services offered by FinTech, people can enjoy better financial services and speed up business processes by increasing the speed of money circulation, which in turn can boost the communal economy. For example, the recently launched FLIP app makes it easy to transfer between banks without fees, reducing expenses. In Pondok Aren District, South Tangerang, the use of internet networks by business actors is quite common. However, business residents in Pondok Aren sub-district are often limited in understanding finance in today's digital era and lack of use of technology in financial activities. For this reason, we are encouraged to disseminate knowledge through educational programs to the public and business actors about FinTech literacy and the introduction of Flip.id applications, in order to increase the empowerment of business residents in Pondok Aren, Tangsel, in order to develop their business optimally.

Analysis of cooling loads and air circulation in the passenger compartment of the CR400AF fast train trailer car

The air conditioning system is a system that regulates air circulation and air temperature on the train. The temperature standard for fast train passengers is in accordance with Permen No. 7th year 2022 is 22°C - 26°C. To achieve this temperature, a cooling system is needed that is suitable for the cooling load. This research was conducted on the CR400AF fast train trailer car with the aim of knowing the factors that influence cooling loads, calculating and analyzing cooling loads which are used as a reference in determining air conditioning technical specifications, as well as analyzing air circulation that affects air humidity. The data analysis method used is the quantitative data analysis method. This method is carried out by collecting primary and secondary data to be used as a basis for calculations in answering the problem formulation. Data analysis was carried out by calculating the OTTV (Overall Thermal Transfer Value) according to SNI 03-6389-2000, calculating the cooling load using the CLTD (Cooling Load Temperature Difference) method according to SNI 03-6572-2001, and carrying out an air circulation test referring to Permen No. . 7 of 2022. From the results of the analysis and calculations, the OTTV value is 15.6 Watt/m2. Room eligibility standards according to SNI 03-6389-2000 standards are OTTV values not greater than 45 Watt/m2. The internal cooling load is 15,010 W, the external load and ventilation is 22,688.92 W, the total cooling load is added 10% safety factor of 41.47 kW, the cooling capacity of the AC unit based on technical specifications is 45kW. The average value of air flow velocity during the air circulation test is 0.3 m/s. according to Ministerial Regulation No. 7 of 2022 maximum air circulation speed of 0.5 m/s. From several analysis and calculation results, it can be concluded that the passenger space of the CR400AF fast train trailer car is standard and feasible to operate

Compact organ-tissue electrophoresis system (CORES).

Electrophoretic tissue clearing has been a commonly used laboratory method since the early twentieth century. Infrastructure for standard procedures has yet to be formed. In particular, control of the heat produced by electrophoresis, the voltage applied to the electrodes, the resistance, and the speed of liquid circulation create difficulty for researchers. We aimed to develop a compact organ electrophoresis system that enables the researcher to have easy, rapid, and inexpensive working opportunities. The system includes an electronic control unit, a liquid tank, a temperature control unit, and an electrophoresis chamber. The control unit software can keep the system stable by using information on temperature and circulation rate received through the sensors using the feedback principle. Corrosion and particle collection are reduced to a minimum as platinum wires are used for electrophoresis electrodes. A temperature control unit can heat and cool via a liquid tank base. The CORES is an all-in-one, easy-to-use solution for electrophoretic tissue clearing. It assures efficient, rapid, and consistent tissue clearing. The system was stable with 72 h of continuous operation. Patent applications and trial version studies for introducing the system to researchers are still in progress.

Самоочищение атмосферного воздуха от пылевых частиц в условиях прибрежного морского климата

The intensity of air pollution depends on the characteristics of pollution sources, distance from the sea, terrain, density of residential buildings and the presence of a green zone. The influence of climatic conditions on the distribution of suspended particulate matter in the atmospheric surface layer of Vladivostok was studied. The aim of the study was to determine the particle size distribution of suspended particulate matter in the atmospheric surface layer and to assess the conditions for self-purification of urban air under the influence of the coastal maritime climate. The assessment of the urban air pollution with suspended particulate matter was carried out in two areas with different levels of pollution. The human breathing zone was examined. The temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind direction and speed at sampling points were determined. We used monitoring of meteorological data (dew point, wind gusts, clouds, fog) from the nearest regional meteorological stations. Statistical processing included the “Canonical Analysis” module. In the polluted area of the city the atmospheric circulation (direction, speed and gusts of wind) greatly affect the distribution of fine-dispersed particles (2.5–10.0 µm) that are hazardous to health. The impact of temperature and humidity conditions is reduced in power. The temperature and humidity regime, atmospheric pressure, cloudiness with frequent fog affect the ultrafine dust spectrum in the slightly polluted island area of the city. The above factors contribute to the enhancement of the nanoparticle nucleation process. Self-purification of the air surface layer from dust particles in both polluted and slightly polluted areas of Vladivostok is associated with the southerly winds. The monsoon maritime climate defines the air purifying in the region. The temperature and humidity regime actively affects the dust disperse composition in both sampling sites. In the island area of the city it determines the content of particles up to 10 µm; in the continental area – fractions of 0.1–50.0 µm.

Hydrochemical Characterisation of Groundwaters in a Crystalline Basement Environment: The Case of Fractured Aquifers in the Poni Watershed in the South-West Region of Burkina Faso, West Africa

The Poni watershed is located in the south-west of Burkina Faso. Its geology is made up of fractured crystalline and crystallophyllian basement, where fractured aquifers are the most exploited for water needs. The aim of this study is to determine the physico-chemical characteristics of the groundwater in the fractured aquifers of the Poni watershed in order to gain a better understanding of the mineralisation processes and hydrochemical properties of the groundwater in these aquifers. To do this, approaches based on the determination of Calcite Saturation Indices (CSI) and Dolomite Saturation Indices (DSI), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and hydrochemical properties show that the majority of groundwater in the basin is undersaturated with respect to carbonates (79.37%) and divided into three families in relation to circulation speed: very slow circulation water (20.63%), slow circulation water (55.56%) and fast circulation water (23.81%). The approaches also show that the mineralisation of groundwater in the basin is governed by the acid hydrolysis of minerals in the surrounding rocks, residence time and surface inputs. They are characterised by calcic and magnesian bicarbonate facies (85.7%), calcic bicarbonate facies (6.35%), sodium and potassium bicarbonate facies (1.59%) and calcic and magnesian sulphate chlorides (6.35%).

Experimental Light Rail Traffic Noise Assessment in a Metropolitan Area

The growth in the utilization and development of rail transport within urban networks is crucial for transitioning towards a more sustainable form of mobility. However, challenges related to discomfort and noise pollution arising from rail traffic must be addressed and mitigated to foster a harmonious coexistence between residents and trains. This study focuses on analyzing an experimental campaign conducted on the surface metropolitan network of Porto to study and identify the frequency content and pressure levels associated with light rail traffic. The presented experimental campaign holds significant relevance as it comprises various and distinct circulation conditions within the railway network, enabling a comprehensive characterization of railway noise. The collected data indicates a noticeable increase in sound pressure levels as the speed of circulation rises, particularly emphasizing the 1/3 octave band centered around 1000 Hz. The choice of tracks with components having a limited capacity for absorbing acoustic energy leads to a significant rise in noise levels compared to track solutions with elements exhibiting excellent acoustic energy absorption. Furthermore, the study highlights a substantial increase in noise levels (10 dBA) associated with small radius curves, even at low speeds. These findings underscore the importance of considering the track characteristics and geometric features in noise assessment within rail networks. Therefore, the insights gained from this experimental campaign contribute significantly to the understanding and comprehensive characterization of railway noise under diverse circulation conditions within the railway network.

РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ КРЕДИТНИМ МУЛЬТИПЛІКАТОРОМ

The author asserts that the credit multiplier of the country’s banking system regulates the growth of the economy and characterizes the level of its development and prove that the limiter and indicator of economic development is the share of value added by production in the aggregate product, which determines the existing technological mode. It is proved that the ratio of nominal GDP to the monetary base of the Central Bank is identical to the product of the credit multiplier and the speed of money circulation that is constant for each technological mode. We consider the industrialized economies, developed economies, and highly developed economies. The marginal zero inflation multiplier is determined, at which real GDP growth stops and a transition to a deflationary crisis occurs. It is established that the Central Bank’s increase in the interest rate to reduce inflation leads to a sharp decrease in the multiplier and lending to production, while credit regulation allows us to reduce inflation by targeting, without changing the interest rate and without reducing lending. A model for regulating the economy with a credit multiplier has been developed using an engineering calculator and Ukraine’s economic recovery in 2024–2025 has been simulated. Keywords: economy, credit regulation, market, balance, labor, capital, money, credit multiplier, interest rate, currency, financial papers, crisis, inflation.

The Saudi Public Dealings with False News, Published on Social Media

Objectives: The study aimed to find out the awareness of the Saudi public about the seriousness of false news published through social networking sites, and how they deal with this news. Methods: The study relied on the descriptive methodology, where the questionnaire tool was used to collect information from the sample members, which were chosen by random probability from the Saudi public. The questionnaire was distributed to groups on Twitter and WhatsApp, and (124) individuals responded. One of the most important questions asked were the true role played by social networking sites in spreading false news, and what are the most important ways in which the public deals with this news. Results: The study found that the majority of respondents agree with a very high degree that social networking sites have increased the speed of spread and circulation of false news. The study concluded that confronting false news with correct facts, data, and information from relevant authorities and jurisdiction helps limit its spread. Conclusions: The study recommended the need to investigate news, and rely on reliable sources to obtain news from social networking sites and not repeat it and re-publish it, only after verifying its authenticity. The need to enact deterrent laws to punish publishers and promoters of false news, benefit from the experiences of other countries at the regional and international levels in the field of combating false news and prevent its dangers.

The Application Analysis of Enterprise Finance and Tax Intelligence Based on RPA Technology --Taking Sinochem International as an Example

With the rapid development of intelligent technology and the strengthening of the trend of economic globalization, the scale of enterprises is gradually expanding, the amount of various financial data is increasing, and the circulation speed is accelerating. At the same time, there are higher requirements for financial and tax processing efficiency. The application of robotic process automation technology in finance and taxation has helped enterprises achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase. This paper first summarizes the development status of robotic process automation technology, analyzes the current application of robotic process automation technology in finance and taxation, and then takes Sinochem International as the object of analysis. Through an in-depth analysis of Sinochem International's application methods of Price water house Coopers RPA and Deloitte RPA, it summarizes its application results and finally puts forward problems and optimization strategies. It will serve as a reference for the further development of robotic process automation technology in finance and taxation and also help enterprises realize the intelligent transformation of finance and taxation.

Injection strategy – a driver of atmospheric circulation and ozone response to stratospheric aerosol geoengineering

Abstract. Despite offsetting global mean surface temperature, various studies demonstrated that stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) could influence the recovery of stratospheric ozone and have important impacts on stratospheric and tropospheric circulation, thereby potentially playing an important role in modulating regional and seasonal climate variability. However, so far, most of the assessments of such an approach have come from climate model simulations in which SO2 is injected only in a single location or a set of locations. Here we use CESM2-WACCM6 SAI simulations under a comprehensive set of SAI strategies achieving the same global mean surface temperature with different locations and/or timing of injections, namely an equatorial injection, an annual injection of equal amounts of SO2 at 15∘ N and 15∘ S, an annual injection of equal amounts of SO2 at 30∘ N and 30∘ S, and a polar strategy injecting SO2 at 60∘ N and 60∘ S only in spring in each hemisphere. We demonstrate that despite achieving the same global mean surface temperature, the different strategies result in contrastingly different magnitudes of the aerosol-induced lower stratospheric warming, stratospheric moistening, strengthening of stratospheric polar jets in both hemispheres, and changes in the speed of the residual circulation. These impacts tend to maximise under the equatorial injection strategy and become smaller as the aerosols are injected away from the Equator into the subtropics and higher latitudes. In conjunction with the differences in direct radiative impacts at the surface, these different stratospheric changes drive different impacts on the extratropical modes of variability (Northern and Southern Annular modes), including important consequences on the northern winter surface climate, and on the intensity of tropical tropospheric Walker and Hadley circulations, which drive tropical precipitation patterns. Finally, we demonstrate that the choice of injection strategy also plays a first-order role in the future evolution of stratospheric ozone under SAI throughout the globe. Overall, our results contribute to an increased understanding of the fine interplay of various radiative, dynamical, and chemical processes driving the atmospheric circulation and ozone response to SAI and lay the foundation for designing an optimal SAI strategy that could form a basis of future multi-model intercomparisons.

Internet of Things Enabled Smart Water Excellence Observing and Outflow Recognition System

Currently, global water demands are increasing at an alarming rate, largely due to the depletion of resources caused by factors such as water waste, climate change, and urbanization.Unfortunately, conventional water metering schemes are often performed manually by human resources, which can be both cumbersome and ineffective for conservation efforts. To address the shortcomings of the-state-of-the models, this paper introduces an autonomous water quality monitoring system based on IoT technology to optimize water utilization. The proposed system analyzes and monitors the usage of water in the aquatic industry such as circulation speed measurement and optimization of water supply to reduce water waste and encourage conservation. Also, the proposed system uses pH and conductivity sensors to monitor the quality of the water that is delivered to each residence.

Numerical simulation of transient cavitation characteristics of valve-controlled liquid-filled hydrodynamic coupling

In high-power impeller industries, valve-controlled liquid-filled hydrodynamic couplings are widely used in the soft startup of heavy-duty scraper conveyors for mining. However, the water circulation speed in internal flow fields is higher at lower speed ratios, making the hydrodynamic couplings prone to severe cavitation, which further results in severe performance degradation, noise, vibration, or even erosion failure. Meanwhile, because a hydrodynamic coupling is a piece of closed-loop multicomponent turbomachinery, internal transient cavitation flow behavior cannot be easily controlled. To reasonably predict the characteristics of cavitation and its influence on the working performance of the hydrodynamic coupling, a high-quality structured mesh model of the internal flow field for an impeller was established. Considering the periodic structural characteristics of the impeller, a scale-resolving simulation turbulence model was combined with a Rayleigh–Plesset cavitation model to establish a single-cycle hydrodynamic coupling calculation model. The cavitation distribution characteristics and torque transmission of the flow field under different working conditions were obtained, and the effect of cavitation on the soft startup performance was analyzed. The results demonstrated that cavitation in the hydrodynamic coupling mainly occurred under low speed ratios. The degree of cavitation decreased as speed ratio increased. The worst-case scenario for cavitation occurred when the speed ratio was zero. Most of the cavitation bubbles were generated at the tip of the blades, resulting in unstable variation in torque characteristics and deterioration of the working performance of the hydrodynamic coupling. The analysis reveals that the cavitation process in the impeller is highly unstable and periodic, and the cavitation development near the tip of the blades occurs in four stages: birth, growth, separation, and disintegration. The generated steam accumulates in the inner ring of the impeller. Therefore, a method for accurately predicting the cavitation characteristics of hydrodynamic couplings based on high-precision technology is proposed, and a theoretical basis for coupling design and cavitation suppression technology is provided.

Comparative analysis of the money supplyand its structures in the national and foreign aspects

The article is devoted to the analysis of the structure and volume of the money supply in Russia and abroad, which was carried out in order to identify compliance with global trends in the development of money circulation. The study of the speed of money circulation and the monetization coefficient allows us to draw a number of conclusions about business activity, the availability of cash settlements and the general state of the economy.

Generalizable Thermal Performance of Ventilated Block Walls and Energy Implication of Substitution for Wood-Frame Walls in Cold-Climate Buildings

Space heating and cooling of buildings is a major contributor to the ascending trend of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A potential solution to reduce the space heating and cooling is to use buildings’ mass for active thermal energy storage (TES). Having air circulation between an active TES and its associated zones can significantly enhance their thermal coupling; however, reported research studies have not focused on this kind of active TES. To that end, this study aimed to evaluate the thermal performance of a ventilated block wall (VBW) in reducing space heating and cooling loads in cold-climate buildings. In this system, air is circulated between a zone and the voided cores of a VBW, where the air exchanges heat with the wall before returning to the zone. To have a generalizable assessment of the system’s performance, typical-day and annual energy analyses were conducted under various boundary conditions and air circulation speeds. The study found that for a typical day with significant temperature fluctuation, a VBW with a 2 m/s air circulation speed throughout the day can lead to 67% more net energy exchange (the sum of thermal energy storage and release) when compared to having no air circulation. The annual analysis compared the energy performance between a VBW and a traditional wood-frame wall in three different cold climates. The results showed that substituting a wood-frame wall with a VBW can reduce space heating and cooling loads by 35.1 kWh/m2 (wall surface area) for a mixed dry–cold climate throughout the year. Having cement plaster as interior finishing can lead to 9% more net energy exchange than having drywall, on average, for all zone air temperature profiles.

Hybrid Digital-Droplet Microfluidic Chip for Applications in Droplet Digital Nucleic Acid Amplification: Design, Fabrication and Characterization

Microfluidic-based platforms have become a hallmark for chemical and biological assays, empowering micro- and nano-reaction vessels. The fusion of microfluidic technologies (digital microfluidics, continuous-flow microfluidics, and droplet microfluidics, just to name a few) presents great potential for overcoming the inherent limitations of each approach, while also elevating their respective strengths. This work exploits the combination of digital microfluidics (DMF) and droplet microfluidics (DrMF) on a single substrate, where DMF enables droplet mixing and further acts as a controlled liquid supplier for a high-throughput nano-liter droplet generator. Droplet generation is performed at a flow-focusing region, operating on dual pressure: negative pressure applied to the aqueous phase and positive pressure applied to the oil phase. We evaluate the droplets produced with our hybrid DMF–DrMF devices in terms of droplet volume, speed, and production frequency and further compare them with standalone DrMF devices. Both types of devices enable customizable droplet production (various volumes and circulation speeds), yet hybrid DMF–DrMF devices yield more controlled droplet production while achieving throughputs that are similar to standalone DrMF devices. These hybrid devices enable the production of up to four droplets per second, which reach a maximum circulation speed close to 1540 µm/s and volumes as low as 0.5 nL.