Circulation Of Men Research Articles

Apertura y comprensión del Mediterráneo meridional peninsular al espacio europeo

A la fin du Moyen Age, dans la Méditerranée Sud-Occidentale, convergent des routes, des gens, des marchandises, des nefs, des idées et des techniques novatrices qui, peu à peu, se diffusent à travers ses États riverains avec une intensité inégale. Ses terres, qui sont toujours des fron­tières, surtout maritime (pirates et corsaires), et ses villes portuaires (com­me Alicante) se revitalisent avec le commerce des pays atlantiques (Flan­dres) et la présence d'opérateurs économiques italiens et allemands. Une intense circulation d'hommes (esclaves, arabes et juifs expulsés) et de cul­tures, depuis l’Islam à la Renaissance italienne, avec la découverte de l'im­primerie, nous montre un monde vivant et à la fois refermé sur lui-même, qui continue à regarder davantage vers la Méditerranée que vers l'Atlanti­que.

South Central Andean Area. Social Interaction, Relationship and Genetic Divergence in the Atacama Desert

South Central Andean Area. Social Interaction, Relationship and Genetic Divergence in the Atacama Desert José A. Cocilovo, Héctor H. Varela, Silvia G. Valdano Abstract Social relations and their impact on genetic divergence are analyzed between localities in a key path linking the Argentine Northwest with the Northern Arid of Chile. The study was carried out with 1168 individuals from the sites of Puna de Jujuy, San Pedro de Atacama, Calama, Pisagua and 29 craniometric variables. Discriminant Analysis methods were used for the evaluation of differences between sites and sexes and the reclassification of individuals in another site than the original one. The Fst statistic was calculated to determine the genetic structure and the kinship relationships within and between populations. The Fst value between localities is Fst=0.0825 ± 0.0030. Considering the sexes by site, the observed genotypic variance (Fst=0.1195 ± 0.0037) increased by 45%, compared to the expected variance. The Puna de Jujuy sample showed a greater contribution of outside the region variability, including both sexes, in relation to the remaining sites. The migratory effect between localities depended mainly on the circulation of men and by a smaller proportion, the women. Migration rates estimated between localities vary between 1.8 and 2.8 individuals per generation. Evidence of extinction of kinship by distance between localities is presented. There is also evidence of patterns of matrilocal residence. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jaa.v5n2a5

A review of expression profiling of circulating microRNAs in men with prostate cancer

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in gene regulation and expression. These molecules have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several malignancies. MiRNAs have the potential to be both a tissue- and blood-based biomarker for cancer diagnosis, classification, prognosis and response to treatment. The levels of dysregulated miRNAs in the circulation of individuals make miRNAs an ideal biomarker for the detection of prostate cancer. The present study provides a comprehensive review of the expression profiling of miRNAs in the circulation of men with prostate cancer. Further research is necessary to identify if circulating miRNAs have the potential to be a biomarker for prostate cancer in clinical practice.

The “Discovery” of New Territories Offered to the Jus Communicationis

This work suggests how much human sciences can learn from a booklet almost all cultures know, The Little Prince. It stimulates to read them in their anthropological aspects of behavior facing alterity, highlighting its value without proposing it as educational element to homogenize the different. The reflection is thus focused on the demolishing and lasting effects of European culture during its colonization of American and African people. The contribution ends with Ferraioli and De Vitoria's considerations on a society based on the axiom of the free circulation of men and goods, and the legitimization of thinking given by natural law.

Characterisation of N-glycans bound to IGFBP-3 in sera from healthy adults

Human IGFBP-3 contains three potential N-linked glycosylation sites. Published data concerning the type and saccharide composition of the N-glycans is scarce. The aim of this study was to characterise N-glycans covalently attached to IGFBP-3 from sera of healthy adults (men and women). In order to do that a panel of eight lectins covering broad saccharide specificity was used: agarose-immobilised SNA ( Sambucus nigra agglutinin), Con A (lectin from Canavalia ensiformis), RCA I ( Ricinus communis agglutinin I), PHA-E ( Phaseolus vulgaris erythroagglutinin), PHA-L ( P. vulgaris leukoagglutinin), succinylated WGA (wheat germ agglutinin), ECL ( Erythrina cristagalli lectin) and UEA ( Ulex europaeus agglutinin). IGFBP-3 interacted with SNA, Con A, RCA I, PHA-E and, to a much lesser extent, with PHA-L. These results indicate that human IGFBP-3 bears mostly biantennary complex type N-glycans with a very high content of α-2,6-linked Sia at their termini. Hybrid type and high-mannose type N-glycans are present, as well as a bisecting GlcNAc residue, which may be core fucosylated. N-glycosylation of IGFBP-3 follows the N-glycosylation pattern of major serum proteins. This study represents a ground for the future research of glycosylation pattern of IGFBP-3 from the circulation of men and women diagnosed with different illnesses.

The neuroendocrine physiology of kisspeptin in the human

Kisspeptin is a 54-amino acid peptide, encoded by the KiSS-1 gene, which activates the G protein-coupled receptor GPR54. Recent evidence suggests the kisspeptin/GPR54 system is a key regulator of reproduction. GPR54-deficient mice have abnormal sexual development. Central or peripheral administration of kisspeptin stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis in animal models. This review discusses the evidence that kisspeptin also plays a key role in human reproduction. Inactivating GPR54 mutations cause normosmic hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism in humans. Mutations which increase GPR54 signaling are associated with gonadotrophin-dependent premature puberty. Acute intravenous administration of kisspeptin to healthy human male volunteers potently increased plasma LH levels and significantly increased plasma FSH and testosterone without side effects. Plasma kisspeptin is found at low concentrations in the circulation of men and non-pregnant women, but is markedly increased in pregnancy. The placenta is believed to be the source of these high levels of circulating kisspeptin. The kisspeptin-GPR54 system is also implicated in tumour biology. Consistent with this role, plasma kisspeptin concentrations are elevated in patients with abnormal proliferation of placental tissue (gestational trophoblastic neoplasia or GTN) at presentation and fall after treatment with chemotherapy. The kisspeptin/GPR54 system therefore appears to play an important role in the regulation of reproduction in humans. Kisspeptin represents a novel tool for the manipulation of the HPG axis in humans and plasma kisspeptin may be a novel tumour marker in patients with GTN.

The Circulation of Men and Credit: The Role of the Commenda and the Family Firm in Julfan Society

AbstractThis essay explores the role of a partnership arrangement known as the commenda in Julfan trade during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries by situating it within the context of the "family firm," the basic organizational unit of Julfan commerce. It studies the legal and commercial role of the commenda in Julfan trade and argues that, in the Julfan context as in the context of medieval European and Near Eastern trade, the commenda provided the ideal means for the circulation of merchants, goods, and credit across vast distances. Cette contribution examine le rôle du contrat dit commenda dans les activités menées par les négociants arméniens de Joulfa au cours des dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles en le replaçant dans le cadre de la 'firme familiale' qui fut à la base de l'unité organisationnelle de ce commerce. Le rôle légal et commercial du commenda dans ces activités sera étudié, en soutenant que dans le contexte de Joulfa, tout comme dans celui de l'Europe médiévale et du Proche-Orient, le commenda représentait le moyen idéal facilitant la circulation des commerçants, des biens et du crédit sur de vastes distances.

18th‐Century pacific voyages of discovery, “big science”, and the shaping of an European scientific and technological culture

The European exploration of the Pacific Ocean in the latter half of the eighteenth century is usually presented as part of the Enlightenment's quest for pure knowledge, knowledge which was shared freely in the “Republic of Letters”. In this essay, however, these expeditions are set against the background of a ferocious struggle between western European states to dominate the world, bringing together national political, commercial, military, and learned institutions, showing them to be more akin to today's “big science” than to an activity of free‐minded, autonomous, gentlemen. The holistic approach developed to apprehend “big science” in today's world is thus used to reexamine scientific cooperation as well as the circulation of men, objects, texts (including maps) and ideas in the politico‐economic context of early modern Britain, France and Holland, the relationship between this “big science” and eighteenth‐century, western European society, and how these shaped European scientific culture and identity. The paper ends with some reflections on the contrast between “big scientific” activity in the two periods.

Role of dihydrotestosterone in androgen action

Androgen action differs from that of most hormones in the testosterone, the major androgen secreted from the testes and the most abundant androgen in the circulation of men, is not the principal androgen within target cells. Indeed, abundant evidence indicates that most androgen actions are mediated by the 5alpha-reduced metabolite dihydrotestosterone that is formed in target tissues. The conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone is mediated by two isoenzymes; mutations in the steroid 5alpha-reductase 2 gene cause a rare autosomal-recessive form of male pseudohermaphroditism, and inhibition of this enzyme causes regression of the prostate gland. Dihydrotestosterone binds more tightly to the androgen receptor that does testosterone, but it is not clear whether this property is the sole explanation for its essential role in androgen action. Nor is it clear whether some androgenic effects may be mediated by circulating dihydrotestosterone acting as a hormone.

‘The circulation of men’: Marriage practices and gender relations among the Bajau of Sabah, East Malaysia

(1995). ‘The circulation of men’: Marriage practices and gender relations among the Bajau of Sabah, East Malaysia. Indonesia Circle. School of Oriental & African Studies. Newsletter: Vol. 23, No. 67, pp. 216-248.

Metabolism of testosterone trans-4-n-butylcyclohexyl carboxylate, a high potency androgen, in rodents and primates: in vitro studies.

Testosterone trans-4-n-butylcyclohexyl carboxylate releases continuous physiological levels of testosterone into the circulation of men or monkeys over a period of 8 to 10 weeks from an intramuscular depot and may, therefore, be an agent of choice for androgen replacement therapy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the metabolism of the ester and its side chain. The ester was hydrolysed by blood sera of guinea-pig, rabbit and rat, but not horse or man. It was slowly hydrolysed by rat and cynomolgus liver and the testosterone metabolites androstenedione and androstanediol were formed. Bucyclic acid (trans-4-n-butylcyclohexyl carboxylate) was slowly metabolized to two metabolites, M1 and M2, by cynomolgus liver homogenates. The acid metabolites were analysed by chromatography and mass spectrometry after reaction with diazomethylpyrene to form fluorescent pyrenyl esters. When compared with synthetic compounds using the criteria of chromatographic mobility and mass spectral analysis, the polar metabolite was identified as hydroxy-4-n-butylcyclohexyl carboxylate. The less polar metabolite could not be definitively identified.

Alliance through the Circulation of Men: A System of Name-Assigned Residence

In many societies, names bestowed by kin denote membership in descent groups and thus, indexically, denote rights and statuses that are tied to descent. In such societies, names trace the role of descent in shaping social institutions; for example, marriage and ritual exchange. But, as Maybury-Lewis (1984:6-7) has observed, rights and statuses determined by names can also stand in contrast to those determined by descent group membership. When this occurs, naming does more than simply identify individuals; receipt of names transforms individuals into persons whose social identities augment identities derived from descent alone. This article discusses a naming system in which the idiom of descent is preserved but detached from substance, allowing descent-based rights and statuses to be bestowed upon members of other patrilines through naming. Among the Urat, veridical descent is clearly understood. Through name bestowal, however, all its sociological markers become available for use as tokens of exchange. Since naming typically determines residence, this exchange allows the naming system to emulate a marriage system in important functions, notably the formation of alliances between localities.

The origin of plasma deoxycorticosterone in men and in women during the menstrual cycle.

The in vivo conversion of progesterone (Prog) to deoxycorticosterone (DOC) was determined in the circulation of men and women. Labeled Prog was given by constant infusion under steady state conditions, and plasma Prog and DOC were isolated by column, paper, and high pressure liquid chromatographies. Blood production rates (PR) were calculated from the product of the morning plasma concentrations measured by RIA and the MCR. The DOC MCR was determined using data from our previous study. In men, the Prog and DOC levels were 9.8 ± 2.3 (±SE) and 7.8 ± 0.4 ng/dl, respectively. The Prog, MCR averaging the 105 and 120 min samples, was 1968 ± 132 liters/ day, and the PR was 194 ± 46 /μg. The conversion ratio (CR) was 1.3 ± 0.2%, which, taken together with plasma Prog and DOC levels, indicates that less than 2% of plasma DOC was from Prog in blood. Similar data were found in women in the follicular phase. Plasma levels of Prog and DOC were 8.3 ± 1.0 and 6.4 ± 0.6 ng/dl, respectively. The MCR was 1955 liters/day, t...

The incidence and influence of antisperm antibodies in infertile human couples on sperm-cervical mucus interactions and subsequent fertility

Analysis of serum samples from 698 infertile couples revealed antisperm antibodies present in 16.5% of the men and 21.6% of the women. Overall, 31.1% of the couples possessed at least one individual with positive results. Sperm-immobilized activity was detected in 29.6% of the cervical mucus (CM) samples from 459 women. Reduced sperm penetration of CM was significantly associated with serum titers of antisperm antibodies in both sexes and also with immobilizing activity in CM of women. The incidence of subsequent pregnancy in 376 infertile couples was reduced significantly if one or both partners had antisperm antibodies in serum or in genital tract secretions. The latter was reflected by evaluation of the immobilization, penetration, and shaking phenomenon of sperm in CM.

The influence of gas-mask breathing on the circulation of men: von Hofer, H.: Cardiologia 4: 331, 1940

The influence of gas-mask breathing on the circulation of men: von Hofer, H.: Cardiologia 4: 331, 1940