Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Research Articles

An Ultraminiature Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With MIM Capacitors

In this letter, an ultraminiature circularly polarized micostrip patch antenna is designed by four metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors. First, four lumped capacitors are added to edge of the conventional microstrip patch antenna to conduct the simulation of the theoretical model for brevity. It is found that the micostrip patch antenna achieves electrically small ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ka</i> <1) when the capacitors are selected carefully. In addition, the axial ratio and the resonance of the antenna can be optimized by the capacitors, which derives an effective method to design a compact circularly polarized antenna. Thus, four MIM capacitors are applied to replace the lumped capacitors to make the antenna physically realizable. A circularly polarized (CP) electrically small mictostrip patch antenna is designed, fabricated and measured to justify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The axial ratio bandwidth and the peak gain of the CP ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ka</i> = 0.495) prototype achieves 0.88% and 4.25 dBiC, respectively. The size of the proposed antenna is only 0.104 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ×0.104 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> .

New circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array design for energy harvesting applications

This paper gives an essential contribution to the energy engineering topic, especially the energy harvesting field. Wireless power transmission (WPT) is one of the most widely used methods in this field recently to generate electricity in a clean way for the environment like the rectenna systems. The main component of the rectenna systems is the microstrip patch antenna (MPA). This is the main reason why this article proposes a novel conception of 1×4 circular polarized MPA array to operate in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band at the resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz for radio frequency energy harvesting (RFEH) systems. The basic MPA element is a square antenna using a center slot and V-slits at the four corners combined with a defected ground structure (DGS) method. This proposed conception is developed in order to improve the antenna’s performance to integrate with a rectifier circuit for the Rectenna systems which are the most used systems in RFEH. The simulation results obtained by CST MWS software and HFSS solver show that this novel design in this paper gives good performances in terms of the reflection coefficient, voltage standing wave ratio, axial ratio, directivity, and gain at 2.45 [GHz]. This developed MPA is suitable for various RFEH applications.

Linearly Polarized Antenna Boosters versus Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antennas for GPS Reception in IoT Devices

GPS has become an attractive feature for geolocalization enabling asset tracking IoT devices. GPS satellite antennas radiate RHCP (right-hand circularly polarized) electromagnetic waves; thus, the typical antenna at the receiver is also RHCP. However, when the orientation of the receiving device is random, linear polarization antennas operate better in terms of TTFF (time to first fix). Through field measurements (urban and field) and considering different positions of the device in a vehicle, an RHCP microstrip patch antenna and a linear non-resonant antenna element called an antenna booster were compared. TTFF averaged for several positions was 7 s better for the linearly polarized antenna booster than for the microstrip RHCP patch antenna. The results demonstrate that the behavior of the linear polarization antenna booster technology is more robust in terms of TTFF to the arbitrary position of the IoT device while keeping a small size and simplicity.sdf

Substrate Dielectric Constant Effects on the Performances of a Metasurface-Based Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents the effects of substrate dielectric constants on the performance characteristics of a circularly polarized (CP) metasurface-based patch antenna. The antenna structure is a modified patch with a step-like truncation sandwiched between a metasurface composed of a 4 × 4 lattices of periodic metallic patches and a ground plane. The effects on the performance variations are evaluated for two principal cases that include a uniform dielectric constant and a nonuniform dielectric constant for the upper and lower substrates of the antenna. Through careful computational analysis, the effects of the substrate dielectric constant on the antenna performance in terms of bandwidth and gain were investigated, and the results demonstrate that the antenna performance improves with a decrease in the substrate dielectric constant. For a uniform substrate material with dielectric constants of εr1 = εr2 = 2.2, the fabricated antenna with an overall size of 54 mm × 54 mm × 3.0 mm (0.76λo × 0.76λo × 0.042λo at 4.24 GHz) demonstrates the following measured performance characteristics: a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 3.75–5.24 GHz (33.14%), a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 3.85–4.64 GHz (18.61%), a radiation efficiency &gt;93%, and a peak gain of 8.96 dBic within the AR bandwidth.

Compact Slotted Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Surface Wave Suppressed Characteristics for WLAN Characteristics

Surface wave propagation in the dielectric substrate is one the dominant factors leading to power loss in microstrip patch antennas. The surface waves are radiated from the edges of the dielectric substrate and does not contribute to the radiation of the antenna. To mitigate this problem discontinuity is required to be introduced in the direction of surface wave propagation. In this paper, surface wave suppressed antenna structures with circularly polarized radiation characteristics have been proposed. A square patch antenna has been designed at 6 GHz. Slotted perturbations for the same patch has been done to achieve compactness and circular polarization in the design. Two variants of the slotted antenna with side patches and PTH pins embedded at specific locations have been presented. For the 1st antenna design the axial ratio bandwidth of 120 GHz, compactness of 32.58 % and gain of 10.5 dB been achieved at resonant frequency of 8.9 GHz. For the 2nd antenna design the axial ratio bandwidth of 110 GHz, compactness of 34.7 % and gain of 9.8 dB been achieved at resonant frequency of 9.2 GHz. The improvement in gain of the proposed designs as compared to simple square patch antenna has been observed to be around 3 - 4 dB.

Design of Coplanar Proximity Coupled Feed Hexagonal Shaped Circular Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

This paper presents a broadband-multiband circularly polarized hexagonal patch antenna. The structure is fed by a unique coplanar hexagonal gap coupled proximity coupled feed with parasitic elements. The antenna is designed using a 14.2×14.2 mm2 FR4 substrate. By introducing hexagonal slot and I slot in the patch, the structure behaves as a multiband antenna with resonating frequencies at 2.76, 5.66 and 11.52 GHz. with 0.2837, 0.4525 and 0.3356 GHz respective bandwidths. By inserting I-shaped slots and rectangular slots in patch and also, I-shaped slots in the ground, the circular polarization is achieved in the L band and C band. The proposed structure was fabricated and tested. The simulated results of the magnitude of S11, radiation patterns and realized gains show good agreement with tested results.&#x0D; HIGHLIGHTS&#x0D; &#x0D; Proposed antenna is single layer broadband multiband circularly polarized hexagonal patch antenna&#x0D; A unique feed technique coplanar hexagonal gap coupled proximity coupled feed with parasitic elements is used&#x0D; The size of the antenna is compact 14.2×14.2 mm2 and resonating frequencies at 2.76, 5.66 and 11. 52 GHz. with 0.2837GHz/28.37%, 0.4525GHz/ 45.23% and 0.3356GHz/33.56%, respective bandwidths and efficiency&#x0D; The antenna is used for WiFi/WiMax application as well as terrestrial communication applications near the costal region or a high humidity environment&#x0D; &#x0D; GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Diamond-Shaped Artificial Ground Structure

This paper presents a broadband circularly polarized patch antenna with an artificial ground structure (AGS), which has rotated rectangular unit cells with respect to the sides of the rectangular ground plane, as a polarizer. A two-element ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) array configuration of the antenna is also presented. The rectangular unit cells are rotated by 45° with respect to the sides of a square dielectric substrate, named a diamond-shaped AGS (DAGS). The overall dimensions of the AGS are smaller than those of the ground plane. The rotated unit cells and the smaller AGS patch dimensions effectively suppress surface wave resonance on the AGS. The proposed antenna achieves a wide 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth in the boresight direction. The proposed design has a flatter gain curve in the operating frequency band compared to that for conventional designs. It is found that the array configuration outperforms the single-element structure.

Erratum to “Broadband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Diamond-Shaped Artificial Ground Structure”

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Compact and High Gain 4 × 4 Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna Array for Next Generation Small Satellite

In this article, a high gain and compact 4 × 4 circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna array is reported for the data transmission of the next-generation small satellite. The radiating element of the circularly polarized antenna array is realized by the conventional model of the patch with truncated corners. A compact two-stage sequential rotational phase feeding is adopted that broadens the operating bandwidth of the 4 × 4 array. A small stub is embedded in the sequential rotational feed, which results in better performance in terms of the S-parameters and sequential phases at the output ports than sequential rotational feed without open stub. A prototype of the array is fabricated and measured. Fulfilling the application requirements of the next-generation small satellites, the array has the left-handed circularly polarized gain of more than 12 dBic with the axial ratio level below 1.5 dB in the ±10∘ angular space with respect to the broadside direction for the whole bandwidth from 8.05 GHz to 8.25 GHz. Moreover, the left-handed circularly polarized gain varies from 15 to 15.5 dBic in the desired band. The radiation patterns are measured; both the co- and X-pol are validated.

A Small All-Corners-Truncated Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna on Textile Substrate for Wearable Passive UHF RFID Tags

We present a wearable passive UHF RFID tag based on a circularly polarized (CP) patch antenna on a textile substrate. The antenna miniaturization is based on applying a combination of the cross- and L-shaped slots in the radiator. In conjunction, the right-hand circular polarization is achieved by asymmetrically truncating all four corners of the square-shaped radiator. Despite using a regular low-permittivity textile as the antenna substrate, we downsized the antenna to a 5 cm × 5 cm footprint with the thickness of 4 mm, which is equal to 0.1525 λ × 0.1525 λ × 0.0091 λ, where λ is the free space wavelength at 915 MHz. In the numerical modeling and optimization of the antenna, we used a simplified cuboid-shaped and anatomical human body models. In addition to simulated conventional antenna performance indicators, we introduce spatial coverage as a new parameter for assessing the detection reliability of UHF RFID tags. Finally, we measured a manufactured tag worn in four different configurations on the body. The measured axial ratio value was approximately 2 dB in all cases and the tag provided a high attainable read range of around 5.8 meters for a right-hand CP reader emitting 3.28 W EIRP.

A circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna with enhanced bandwidth based on substrate integrated waveguide techniques

In this article, a circularly polarized (CP) microstrip patch antenna (MPA) is proposed. The antenna adopts a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity and a microstrip patch as the feed structure and the radiator, respectively. In consequence, the patch dominates the radiation and improves the radiation efficiency, while the asymmetric SIW cavity enhances the bandwidth and generates a pair of degenerate modes, which provide the quadrature phase shift that the CP radiation requires. By this mean, the proposed antenna not only brings up a novel feed structure for CP MPA and improves its effective bandwidth, but also circumvent the limitation of the SIW cavity slot antenna, which is low radiation efficiency. Plus, the presented antenna remains the advantages of SIW structure, including high Q factor, high integrate compatibility, and so forth. The antenna was fabricated and measured, and the presented antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth of 12% (from 2.09 to 2.36 GHz), an axial ratio bandwidth of 7.73% (from 2.15 to 2.32 GHz) with a minimum gain of 7.89 dB. The experiment results indicate a good agreement with the simulation.

Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Multimode Resonance

A novel wideband circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna (MPA) with multimode resonance is proposed in this letter. The TM1/2,0 mode, the zeroth-order mode, and the TM1,0 mode are excited by inserting the shorting pins underneath the driven patch and the parasitic patch. Therefore, a wide impedance bandwidth is achieved under triple-mode resonance. By sequentially rotating the triple-mode elements, a circularly polarized MPA is developed with a four-feed network. Additionally, four metallic side walls are employed to obtain desirable radiation performances. For demonstration, a prototype of the proposed antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth is 96% (1.53–4.39 GHz) and 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 86% (1.74–4.36 GHz). Meanwhile, a low profile with the height of 0.037 λ 0 ( λ 0 is the wavelength in free space at the lowest operating frequency) is obtained. Such a wideband, low-profile, and circularly polarized antenna is very promising for modern wireless communication applications.

5.8 GHz Circular Polarized Microstrip Feeding Antenna for Solar Panel Application

Circular polarized microstrip antenna have been proposed to establish connection among distributed solar farms. The base station antenna of each solar farm permits more precise on the targeting the radio signal and usually is placed at the open area or at a height place so that the radio waves to be transmitted will not be interrupted. For this paper, circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna (CPMSA) is designs and being reviewed. The patch antenna is based on low-cost, but lossy, and the substrate is made of Rogers RT 5880 (lossy). It consists of a rectangular radiator patch, which is fed by microstrip transmission line. In order to realized circularly polarized antenna, the patch has undergone some design modification to achieve circular rotation. Some technique is proposed to achieve CP antenna. The results indicate that the antenna that uses micro strip feed line technique yields 8.55 dB directive gain, return loss and axial ratio at -24.4 dB and 2.05 dB respectivel. The resonance frequency of 5.8 GHz is being selected since it is suitable used for point to point communication among distributed solar farms that located far from each others.

Miniaturization of Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna for RFID Reader Applications

This paper presents a Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna (CPMPA) miniaturization with parasitic elements, suitable for UHF RFID systems. The antenna consists of a half E-shaped patch with cuts. A truncated corner patch can generate an additional Circular Polarization (CP) radiation mode and further enhance the axial ratio. Two symmetric cross shaped slots along the horizontal axis of the CPMPA have been embedded, and its dimension optimization has been based on parametric analysis. Thanks to this slotted structure and reduced surface area, good CP quality has been obtained with a 25% overall size reduction. The proposed antenna is lightweight, low profile, simple, and easily produced. The structure’s simulation is made using CST Studio Suite 2014 to compute return loss (S11), gain, and the axial ratio of the antenna while the overall miniaturized antenna’s volume is 77mm×58mm×1.6mm operating at 915MHz.

Designing of Circular Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

Designing of Circular Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

Dual Wide Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Offset Feed

Dual Wide Band Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Offset Feed

A Review Paper on Circular Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

A Review Paper on Circular Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna With Embedded Shielding Package Based on Quarter-Mode Substrate Integrated Waveguide Feed

In this paper, the feasibility of using the half-mode/quarter-mode of a substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW/QMSIW) cavity to feed microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) is explored; based on this, a circularly polarized (CP) MPA fed by the sequential rotation QMSIW cavities is proposed. For more compact and higher integration, the active circuits are packaged inside the microstrip patch antenna. Correspondingly, the QMSIW cavities have also been chamfered, and slots are designed on the upper surface to reduce the influence of the chamfer operation. The SIW cavities introduced an additional resonant mode, which can essentially enhance the bandwidth of the MPAs. The fabricated prototype shows a bandwidth of about 9% (1.42GHz - 1.55GHz) with an average CP gain of 7 dBic. In addition, the adoption of HMSIW/QMSIW cavity excitation allows the microstrip patch antenna to retain a seamless ground plane as well, which facilitates further integration with other components of the communication system by printed circuit board lamination technology.

A Slotted Single Feed Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna with Suppressed Surface Wave Losses for WLAN Applications

The circularly polarized microstrip antenna has been of great importance in WLAN applications. A circularly polarized slotted circular patch antenna with co-axial feed geometry has been designed to meet the requirements. The antenna designed has been slotted at several locations to make it radiate circularly polarized radiation. Two metallic cylindrical vias have been inserted near the two diametric ends of the slot to improve the realized gain of the antenna. The antenna structure is resonating at 6.4 GHz with 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of 200MHz and gain of 9.8dB has been observed.

A Design of Compact Ultrawideband Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna

As it is well known, microstrip patch antennas are commonly used, because they are compact and it is easy to achieve a unidirectional radiation pattern with circular polarization. However, the bandwidth of patch antennas is quite narrow, which limits their use in ultrawideband (UWB) applications. In this communication, a wideband enhancement method based on a multimode analysis of patch antennas is proposed. By adding suitable shorting loads on the patch, the resonance frequency of the higher order modes TM20, TM30, TM40, and TM50 is decreased and combined with the dominant mode (TM10) one. These five modes provide a wide operating band. Using this bandwidth enhancement method, a compact UWB patch antenna with unidirectional radiation pattern and circular polarization is designed. The size of the patch is only $0.5\lambda _{0} \times 0.5\lambda _{0}$ and the height is only $0.1\lambda _{0}$ ( $\lambda _{0}$ is the free space wavelength at the center frequency). The simulation and measured results show that the proposed antenna has a bandwidth of 85% for S11 6 dBic from 2.2 to 5.5 GHz. The proposed design method is suitable for UWB CP patch antenna applications.