Circular Systematic Sampling Research Articles

An Analysis of the Impact of Online Banking on Customer Satisfaction in Commercial Banks Based on the TRA Model (A Case Study of Stanbic Bank Lusaka Main Branch)

The convenience, easy access, and acceptable means of transacting in the customers day-to-day business operations is making more banks’ customers satisfied with their service delivery. However, about 65% of Stanbic bank’s customers do not use the bank’s internet banking services and are dissatisfied with the bank’s customer service delivery. This study analyzed the impact of online banking on customer satisfaction in commercial banks based on the TRA model using Stanbic Bank as a case study. This study employed the cross-sectional study design conducted at Stanbic Bank’s headquarters in Lusaka district targeting bank customers. The sample size for the study was 196. Stratified Sampling was employed, respondents were selected by circular systematic random sampling, and a questionnaire was used to collect data. Kendall’s tau-b correlation was used to determine the relationship between online banking and customer satisfaction of banking services. Binary logistic regression was used to determine the influence of online banking on the outcome variable (customer satisfaction). A weak positive correlation between the use of online banking and customer satisfaction was established [(τb = .169, p = .012)]. Interacting gender of “being male”, having secondary education or below, negative behavioral belief, negative attitude, negative behavioral intention, and none usage of online banking reduces customer satisfaction [(p = .046); (CI: 95%)], [(p = .039); (CI: 95%)], [(p = .019); (CI: 95%)], [(p = .018); (CI: 95%)], [(p = .036); (CI: 95%)] respectively. Therefore, in the quest increase to increase customer satisfaction, the bank needs to consider these parameters in their strategic planning if it is to maintain or grow its customer base.

PENYUSUNAN INDEKS KESADARAN POLITIK DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA

Sebagai agen perubahan, mahasiswa dituntut untuk memiliki kesadaran politik yang baik. Dengan kesadaran politik yang baik maka mahasiswa memiliki kesadaran akan posisinya dalam sebuah tatanan kehidupan bernegara yang lebih lanjut memperkuat sistem demokrasi negara tersebut. Selama ini kesadaran politik diukur melalui tingkat partisipasi pemilu dan indeks demokrasi Indonesia (IDI) khusus aspek hak-hak politik. Pengukuran tersebut merupakan pengukuran tidak langsung yang terkadang menghasilkan tingkat kesadaran politik yang berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu indeks khusus untuk mengukur tingkat kesadaran politik seseorang. Karenanya melalui studi di Politeknik Statistika STIS penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan variabel yang mempengaruhi tingkat kesadaran politik seseorang dan menjelaskan gambaran umum tingkat kesadaran politik mahasiswa Politeknik Statistika STIS menggunakan indeks kesadaran politik (IKP). Pengukuran IKP menggunakan kuesioner yang terdiri 36 item pertanyaan yang mencakup dimensi kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor. Data dikumpulkan pada 4 Juni 2020 dengan unit analisis sebanyak 140 sampel mahasiswa Politeknik Statistika STIS yang diiambil menggunakan metode Stratified Circular Systematic Sampling. Hasil analisis menemukan bahwa tingkat kesadaran politik mahasiswa Politeknik Statistika STIS tergolong sedang atau cukup baik dengan masing-masing dimensi yaitu kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotor secara berurutan termasuk dalam kategori tinggi, rendah, dan tinggi.

Use of jack – Knife technique and unbiased class of product type estimators in circular systematic sampling (C.S.S.) scheme

A general class of product type estimators in C.S.S. scheme is proposed to estimate the population mean of a response variable y. Jack – knife technique pioneered by quenouille (1949, 1956) is applied to make the class unbiased. The explicit expression for sampling variance of the class Tpu is derived to first order (n-1) of approximation. Minimum Variance Unbiased Estimator (M.V.U.E.) in the class Tpu is investigated. An empirical illustration is provided to examine the applicability of the results derived.

A generalized family of estimators for estimating finite population mean in circular systematic sampling (CSS)

This paper aims to discuss the problem of estimating the population mean of the study variable y using information on an auxiliary variable x in circular systematic sampling (CSS) scheme along with the non-response problem. We have suggested a generalized family of estimators for population mean of y based on auxiliary variable x. We have derived the expressions for bias and mean squared error of the proposed family of estimators upto first order of approximation. Optimum conditions are obtained in which the suggested family of estimators has the least mean squared error. It has been shown that the proposed family of estimators is better than usual unbiased estimator, ratio estimator and the regression estimator. An empirical study is provided to show that the suggested family of estimators is better than the ratio and regression estimators.

Unemployment and vulnerable financial situation among recent dental graduates of Kerala, India - Results from a cross-sectional study

Objective: This study aims to examine the current employment characteristics and financial situation of recent dental graduates of Kerala, India, in the context of a drastic rise in the number of dental graduates in the state over the past two decades, following a policy change in dental education at the dawn of the 21st century. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 recent dental graduates selected using circular systematic random sampling from a sampling frame of all dental graduates who graduated in any dental college in Kerala between April 2014 and February 2018 and who have registered at the Kerala State Dental Council. Results: More than two-thirds of the participants were females. Graduates trained from private dental colleges formed the majority. A significant proportion was currently unemployed (27%). The private sector was the predominant employment avenue for the dental graduates (90.9%). A notable proportion of the study participants did not have a regular income (32.1%). The current employment status of the graduates showed a statistically significant difference in proportions according to gender, type of educational institution, and the employment status of the graduates’ male parents. There were significant differences in the current financial situation according to gender, caste, and training background. Conclusion: The study reveals the existence of a high rate of unemployment among the recent dental graduates of Kerala. Their financial situation is indicative of vulnerability and dependent status. These findings have major policy implications for dental training and regulation of dental profession in the country.

Unemployment and vulnerable financial situation among recent dental graduates of Kerala, India - Results from a cross-sectional study

Objective: This study aims to examine the current employment characteristics and financial situation of recent dental graduates of Kerala, India, in the context of a drastic rise in the number of dental graduates in the state over the past two decades, following a policy change in dental education at the dawn of the 21st century. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 recent dental graduates selected using circular systematic random sampling from a sampling frame of all dental graduates who graduated in any dental college in Kerala between April 2014 and February 2018 and who have registered at the Kerala State Dental Council. Results: More than two-thirds of the participants were females. Graduates trained from private dental colleges formed the majority. A significant proportion was currently unemployed (27%). The private sector was the predominant employment avenue for the dental graduates (90.9%). A notable proportion of the study participants did not have a regular income (32.1%). The current employment status of the graduates showed a statistically significant difference in proportions according to gender, type of educational institution, and the employment status of the graduates’ male parents. There were significant differences in the current financial situation according to gender, caste, and training background. Conclusion: The study reveals the existence of a high rate of unemployment among the recent dental graduates of Kerala. Their financial situation is indicative of vulnerability and dependent status. These findings have major policy implications for dental training and regulation of dental profession in the country.

On circular systematic sampling in the presence of linear trend

On circular systematic sampling in the presence of linear trend

Circular versions of systematic sampling in the presence of linear trend

ABSTRACTIn this paper, an alternative approach was employed and derived the explicit expressions of sample mean and its variance for the circular and the diagonal circular systematic schemes since these expressions were unavailable in the existing literature. The study also found the corrected estimator of population mean and average variance under super-population model for these scheme. It further revealed that the circular systematic sampling almost performed better than that of the diagonal circular systematic sampling in both linear and auto-correlated super-population models.

Type D Personality Predicts Poor Medication Adherence in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Six-Month Follow-Up Study.

BackgroundType D personality and medication nonadherence have been shown to be associated with poor health outcomes. Type D personality is associated with poor medication adherence in patients with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. However, the relationship between type D personality and medication adherence in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) remains unknown. This study aims to examine whether type D personality was associated with medication adherence in patients with T2DM.Design and SettingsA follow-up study was conducted in general hospital of the People's Liberation Army in Beijing.Methods412 T2DM patients (205 females), who were recruited by circular systematic random sampling, provided demographic and baseline data about medical information and completed measures of Type D personality. Then, 330 patients went on to complete a self-report measure of medication adherence at the sixth month after baseline data collection. Chi-square test, t tests, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted, as needed.ResultsPatients with type D personality were significantly more likely to have poor medication adherence (p<0.001). Type D personality predicts poor medication adherence before and after controlling for covariates when it was analyzed as a categorical variable. However, the dimensional construct of type D personality was not associated with medication adherence when analyzed as a continuous variable.ConclusionAlthough, as a dimensional construct, type D personality may not reflect the components of the personality associated with poor medication adherence in patients with T2DM, screening for type D personality may help to identify those who are at higher risk of poor medication adherence. Interventions, aiming to improve medication adherence, should be launched for these high-risk patients.

Modified classes of estimators in circular systematic sampling

In this paper we consider the problem of estimation of population mean in circular systematic sampling design along with the non-response problem. For the population mean using auxiliary information three generalized classes of estimators are suggested. The biases and the mean square errors of the suggested classes of estimators are obtained and compared with sample mean, linear regression estimators, [23] estimator and [21] estimators. A numerical study is provided to Show that the proposed classes of estimators based on circular systematic design can be more effi cient than the estimators based on simple random sampling. Moreover, a simulation study is accomplished when some population parameters are assumed to be unknown.

Dropout Rate at Elementary Level in Two Primary Schools of Backward Area, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal: A Comparative Approach

A dropout is considered a student who for any reason other than death leaves school before graduation without transferring to another school. Dropping out of school is a well documented social problem and often present daunting circumstances for adolescents. Dropping out is also associated with delinquency, and low school achievements. The study was conducted in two primary school of Gopiballavpur Circle (west) of Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal. For selection of ‘Schools with lower primary grades only’ within Gopiballavpur Circle (West), Paschim Medinipur, the list of all such schools was first arranged in ascending order on the basis of total enrolment (Grade I-IV). In case the total enrolment in a school was less than 10, it was excluded. With the help of this list, two schools (which are fells into more inaccessible and backward area than other school within circle.) were selected by circular systematic sampling method. However, we have used enrolment records collected from daily attendance book considered for study from both school. The considered data period ranges from 2003 to 2010 (seven academic sessions i.e. 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09 and 2009-10) and the data are continuous without any missing data. Reconstructed cohort method and Coefficient of Internal Efficiency are used for this study to estimates of dropout and promotion rates based on academic years and to find out important reasons of their school leaving /dropping out from school, present activity of those who are not in any school. The results of the study revealed that drop out of pupils from school in rural backward area were reluctance of parents and participation in domestic activities. Another major reason was problem of financial constraints. The parent’s educational status was poor and they did not give much importance to the education of girls as they did to their sons. They perceived that sons support them in their old age.

Modified Systematic Sampling in The Presence of Linear Trend

A new systematic sampling design called “Modified Systematic Sampling (MSS)”, proposed by [2] is more general than Linear Systematic Sampling (LSS) and Circular Systematic Sampling (CSS). In the present paper, this scheme is further extended for populations having a linear trend. Expressions for mean and variance of sample mean are obtained for the population having perfect linear trend among population values. Expression for the average variance is also obtained for super population model. Further, efficiency of MSS with respect to CSS is obtained for different sample size.

Estimation of Population Mean in the Presence of Linear Trend

The present article deals with some methods for estimation of finite populations means in the presence of linear trend among the population values. As a result, we provided a strategy for the selection of sampling interval k for the case of circular systematic sampling, which ensures better estimator for the population mean compared to other choices of the sampling interval. This has been established based on empirical studies. Further we more, applied multiple random starts methods for selecting random samples for the case of linear systematic sampling and diagonal systematic sampling schemes. We also derived the explicit expressions for the variances and their estimates. The relative performances of simple random sampling, linear systematic sampling and diagonal systematic sampling schemes with single and multiple random starts are also assessed based on numerical examples.

A Note on Diagonal Circular Systematic Sampling

Sampath and Varalakshmi (2008) proposed an equal probability scheme called diagonal circular systematic sampling (DCSS) under the conditions stated by Sudhakar (1978). However, it is observed that DCSS does not fulfill the conditions stated by Sudhakar (1978). In this article, we suggest some conditions for DCSS to be applicable using a modification in the theorem proposed by Sengupta and Chattophadyay (1987). Under these conditions one can easily decide when and where DCSS is applicable.

Circular Systematic Sampling in the Presence of Linear Trend

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTThe present article deals with circular systematic sampling for estimation of a finite population mean in the presence of a linear trend among the population values. As a result, the optimum choice for the sampling interval kis obtained for a preassigned fixed sample size n and the population size N. Further, the explicit expression for the variance of a circular systematic sample mean is also obtained. The relative performance of the proposed circular systematic sampling with that of simple random sampling without replacement is assessed for a hypothetical population and also for some natural populations.

A Family of Efficient Estimator in Circular Systematic Sampling

Abstract This paper proposes a family of exponential estimators for estimating the population mean Y of study variable y using an auxiliary variable x in circular systematic sampling design under single and two phase sampling. The expression of the bias and mean square error of proposed class of estimators are derived in general form. It has been shown that the proposed class of estimators are more efficient than ratio, product, regression and other estimators considered here in circular systematic sampling under single and two phase sampling. An empirical study is carried out in support of theoretical study. Keywords: Circular systematic sampling; Efficiency; Ratio estimator; Regression estimator; Two-phase sampling 1. Introduction In sample surveys, the utilization of auxiliary information is frequently acknowledged to higher the accuracy of the estimation of population characteristics under study. The auxiliary data might either be promptly accessible or may be made accessible without much trouble by occupy a part of the survey resources or available from previous experience, census or administrative databases. It is well known that when the auxiliary information is to be used at the estimation stage, the ratio, product and regression methods are widely employed. Many authors including Singh et al. (2007), Shabbir and Gupta (2007), Singh and Kumar (2011), and Sharma and Singh (2013, 2014) suggested estimators using auxiliary variable. The usual systematic sampling design is quite simple and most commonly used in sample survey. Systematic sampling has an advantage of selecting the whole sample with just one random start. In

Some remarks on the traditional way of circular and diagonal circular systematic sampling schemes

ABSTRACTIn this paper, some deficiencies in traditional selection procedure of circular version of systematic sampling schemes are investigated and alternative methods are proposed. We also suggest some rules of thumb for coincidence of units in the sample. The end corrections proposed by Bellhouse and Rao (1975) and Sampath and Varalakshmi (2008) for circular systematic sampling and diagonal circular systematic sampling, respectively, are also modified.

A New Sampling Design for Systematic Sampling

A sampling design called “Modified Systematic Sampling (MSS)” is proposed. In this design each unit has an equal probability of selection. Moreover, it works for both situations: N = nk or N ≠ nk. Consequently, the Linear Systematic Sampling (LSS) and Circular Systematic Sampling (CSS) become special cases of the proposed MSS design.

LÉVY-BASED ERROR PREDICTION IN CIRCULAR SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING

In the present paper, Lévy-based error prediction in circular systematic sampling is developed. A model-based statistical setting as in Hobolth and Jensen (2002) is used, but the assumption that the measurement function is Gaussian is relaxed. The measurement function is represented as a periodic stationary stochastic process X obtained by a kernel smoothing of a Lévy basis. The process X may have an arbitrary covariance function. The distribution of the error predictor, based on measurements in n systematic directions is derived. Statistical inference is developed for the model parameters in the case where the covariance function follows the celebrated p-order covariance model.

Diagonal circular systematic sampling

In this paper a circular version of diagonal systematic sampling has been proposed. The proposed method is compared with the classical circular systematic sampling using natural populations, non-linear populations simulated from well known distributions and a super population model associated with linear trend. Further, Yates corrected estimator is also developed for the proposed sampling method and compared with its analogue under circular systematic sampling with the help of appropriate super population models. Results of the study lead to the conclusion that the proposed method performs better than circular systematic sampling especially for natural populations and populations having non-linear trend.