Circular Representation Research Articles

Similarity visualization of soundscapes in ecology and music

The concept of a soundscape is found in both ecology and music studies. Nature soundscapes and soundscape compositions are analyzed by both disciplines, respectively, to understand their biological diversity and ecosystem functioning and to interpret their compositional structure. A major challenge for both disciplines is visualizing the information embedded in a large variety of soundscapes and to share it with different audiences, from non-professionals to experts. To analyze soundscapes, both disciplines have independently developed similarity visualizations. However, no attempt has been made yet to combine these two fields of research to improve our ecological and musical perception of environmental sounds through shared similarity analysis methods. In this paper, we introduce a new visualization tool, the soundscape chord diagram (SCD), a circular similarity representation method that can be applied to any type of soundscape, either in ecoacoustics or electroacoustic studies. Our approach consists of visualizing spectral similarities between predefined sound segments based on the computation of a β-diversity acoustic index and on automatic clustering. SCDs were tested on two ecoacoustic forest databases and two electroacoustic soundscape compositions. SCDs were performant for the identification of specific acoustic events and highlighted known diel periods for nature soundscapes and written parts for soundscape compositions. This new visualization tool allows us to easily decipher the structure of musical and ecological acoustic data. SCDs could be applied to a large variety of soundscapes and promote their knowledge and preservation. This study opens a new way of investigating soundscapes at the interface between ecology and music, bringing together science and the arts.

Circumplex Models with Multivariate Time Series: An Idiographic Approach

The circumplex model posits a circular representation of affect and some personality traits. There is an increasing need to examine the viability of the circumplex model with multivariate time series data collected on the same individuals due to the development of new data collection methods such as smartphone applications and wearable sensors. Estimating the circumplex model with time series data is more complex than with cross-sectional data because scores at nearby time points tend to be correlated. We adapt Browne’s circumplex model to accommodate time series data. We illustrate the proposed method with an empirical data set of daily affect ratings of an individual over 70 days. We conducted a simulation study to explore the statistical properties of the proposed method. The results show that the method provides more satisfactory confidence intervals and test statistics than a method that treats time series data as if they were cross-sectional data.

An application of DEMATEL and fuzzy DEMATEL to evaluate the interaction of safety management system and cybersecurity management system in automated vehicles

To ensure the safety and security of Automated Vehicles (Avs), the interaction between the Functional Safety (FuSa) and the Cybersecurity (CS) domains needs to be managed systematically. There is a demand to develop effective and structured management systems to support the homologation process. From this motivation, identifying the interaction between the Safety Management System (SMS) and the Cybersecurity Management System (CSMS) is a fundamental aspect and needs to be improved for HAD systems. Hence, the classical Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method and fuzzy DEMATEL are applied to evaluate the influential factors that can impact the safety and security of the HAD systems. This paper proposes a list of influencing factors focusing on the interaction between SMS and CSMS for HAD systems. Additionally, the results of an anonymously conducted survey among experts from industry and research are presented and used as inputs for the methods. This work helps to understand the relationship between influencing factors and provides a simplified, easy-to-visualized, and valuable guide for developing HAD systems. The result of this study shows that the most important influential factor is F13. Moreover, the cause and effect of the factors are illustrated numerically and graphically. The influential factors F1 to F7 are identified as the cause and F8 to F13 are reasoned to effect. Finally, a circular representation of the influential factors and their interaction is presented in this paper.

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Newly Isolated Xanthomonas euvesicatoria-Specific Bacteriophages and Evaluation of Their Biocontrol Potential

Bacteriophages have greatly engaged the attention of scientists worldwide due to the continuously increasing resistance of phytopathogenic bacteria to commercially used chemical pesticides. However, the knowledge regarding phages is still very insufficient and must be continuously expanded. This paper presents the results of the isolation, characterization, and evaluation of the potential of 11 phage isolates as natural predators of a severe phytopathogenic bacterium-Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. Phages were isolated from the rhizosphere of tomato plants with symptoms of bacterial spot. The plaque morphology of all isolates was determined on a X. euvesicatoria lawn via a plaque assay. Three of the isolates were attributed to the family Myoviridae based on TEM micrographs. All phages showed good long-term viability when stored at 4 °C and -20 °C. Three of the phage isolates possessed high stability at very low pH values. Fifty-five-day persistence in a soil sample without the presence of the specific host and a lack of lytic activity on beneficial rhizosphere bacteria were found for the phage isolate BsXeu269p/3. The complete genome of the same isolate was sequenced and analyzed, and, for the first time in this paper, we report a circular representation of a linear but circularly permuted phage genome among known X. euvesicatoria phage genomes.

Genome Sequence Resource of Ustilago crameri, a Fungal Pathogen Causing Millet Smut Disease of Foxtail Millet.

Genome Sequence Resource of Ustilago crameri, a Fungal Pathogen Causing Millet Smut Disease of Foxtail Millet.

Mothers Over Nangarhar by Pamela Hart

Reviewed by: Mothers Over Nangarhar by Pamela Hart Tracy Crow (bio) mothers over nangarhar Pamela Hart Sarabande Books https://www.sarabandebooks.org/titles-20192039/mothers-over-nangarhar-pamela-hart 80 pages; Print, $15.95 In 2012, I sent out a call for memoir submissions that would appear in an anthology two years later as Red, White, and True: Stories from Veterans and Families, World War II to Present. The intent for this book had been to create a more circular representation of military service and its cross-generational impact as influenced by combat experiences, moral injury, survivor's guilt, even the lasting impact of military traditions and customs on the psyche. Frankly, the whole idea was little more than a hunch at the time. My editor and writer-friends asked why it was necessary to include the voices of family members. Wouldn't it be easier just to include essays by veterans? Probably. But as a Marine Corps veteran with no military family background and the author of a new military memoir, my curiosity had been stirred years earlier after hearing memoirist and poet Rebecca McClanahan publicly read her poignant essay "Dependent," about the influence her father's Marine Corps service had on her childhood and on her choices made during early adulthood. Until then, I'd never considered that dependents held agency in the genre of military writing. And I knew of no other essays written by military family members. Fortunately, the hunch paid off. Sifting through the flood of submissions from veterans and family members, I kept gravitating toward the family-related essays, reasoning that my personal military experience produced an expected degree of familiarity with the service-related ones. But the heart-wrenching essays penned by spouses, children, and grandchildren—and in most cases never previously shared with anyone—read often like pleas or, dare I say, prayers for forgiveness about what they'd not said, asked, or appreciated regarding their loved one's military service experience. The flames of anger, bitterness, and resentment had been snuffed to barely glowing embers, [End Page 58] thanks to years-long journeys of internal and external exploration across unmapped geography. In the end, thirty-two essays, divided nearly equally between veterans and family members, found their way into Red, White, and True. But … of this I'm certain, looking back—had McClanahan's "Dependent" been a poem rather than an essay, Red, White, and True would have surely included poetry. Such is the history that influenced my reading of Pamela Hart's Mothers Over Nangarhar, winner of the 2017 Kathryn A. Morton Prize in Poetry. In this debut poetry collection, Hart, an artist by training, weaves together literary, political, musical, metaphysical, and geographical references as a way to explore her wandering, maze-like journey as the mother of a son deployed to Afghanistan. For Hart, the process involves "writing backward to figure out forward." Throughout, one cannot escape the undertones of longing for news, of the weight from dread and worry that surely every parent endures when a child has been sent to a war zone. For constructs, Hart employs meditations, photography, news articles, support group meetings, family interviews, and letters. During the collection's first of five parts, she often relies on geographic references in the meditative prose poem "Cities & Signs & War," in which she reveals a relatable yearning to reconcile her son's new environment with her personal surrender: If all cities are Venice and all Venice is memory then where will you be deployed. Will you see Venice in Kabul. … Your M4 over your shoulder. Marco Polo tells Khan the streets are written pages; the city says everything. … The signs are signs of other things. What do I as your mother know of this. Nothing. In another prose poem, "River of Painted Rocks," the inciting incident also intersects memory with place—"Along the Chattahoochee we walk"—and compares her son there as "You were a blond baby" to his now being a soldier. "We don't visit Carson McCuller's home," she writes. "She married a soldier from Fort Benning." In perhaps one of the collection's most compelling poems, "War Games," Hart recalls, "My son's...

Influence of meteorological conditions and topography on the active space of mountain birds assessed by a wave-based sound propagation model.

The active space is a central bioacoustic concept to understand communication networks and animal behavior. Propagation of biological acoustic signals has often been studied in homogeneous environments using an idealized circular active space representation, but few studies have assessed the variations of the active space due to environment heterogeneities and transmitter position. To study these variations for mountain birds like the rock ptarmigan, we developed a sound propagation model based on the parabolic equation method that accounts for the topography, the ground effects, and the meteorological conditions. The comparison of numerical simulations with measurements performed during an experimental campaign in the French Alps confirms the capacity of the model to accurately predict sound levels. We then use this model to show how mountain conditions affect surface and shape of active spaces, with topography being the most significant factor. Our data reveal that singing during display flights is a good strategy to adopt for a transmitter to expand its active space in such an environment. Overall, our study brings new perspectives to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of communication networks.

A Deep Neural Network Based on Circular Representation for Target Detection

Convolutional neural network (CNN) model based on deep learning has excellent performance for target detection. However, the detection effect is poor when the object is circular or tubular because most of the existing object detection methods are based on the traditional rectangular box to detect and recognize objects. To solve the problem, we propose the circular representation structure and RepVGG module on the basis of CenterNet and expand the network prediction structure, thus proposing a high-precision and high-efficiency lightweight circular object detection method RebarDet. Specifically, circular tubular type objects will be optimized by replacing the traditional rectangular box with a circular box. Second, we improve the resolution of the network feature map and the upper limit of the number of objects detected in a single detect to achieve the expansion of the network prediction structure, optimized for the dense phenomenon that often occurs in circular tubular objects. Finally, the multibranch topology of RepVGG is introduced to sum the feature information extracted by different convolution modules, which improves the ability of the convolution module to extract information. We conducted extensive experiments on rebar datasets and used AB-Score as a new evaluation method to evaluate RebarDet. The experimental results show that RebarDet can achieve a detection accuracy of up to 0.8114 and a model inference speed of 6.9 fps while maintaining a moderate amount of parameters, which is superior to other mainstream object detection models and verifies the effectiveness of our proposed method. At the same time, RebarDet’s high precision detection of round tubular objects facilitates enterprise intelligent manufacturing processes.

Mean-field models of populations of quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons with noise on the basis of the circular cumulant approach.

We develop a circular cumulant representation for the recurrent network of quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons subject to noise. The synaptic coupling is global or macroscopically equivalent to it. We assume a Lorentzian distribution of the parameter controlling whether the isolated individual neuron is periodically spiking or excitable. For the infinite chain of circular cumulant equations, a hierarchy of smallness is identified; on the basis of it, we truncate the chain and suggest several two-cumulant neural mass models. These models allow one to go beyond the Ott-Antonsen Ansatz and describe the effect of noise on hysteretic transitions between macroscopic regimes of a population with inhibitory coupling. The accuracy of two-cumulant models is analyzed in detail.

A Simple Visualization Method for Three-Dimensional (3D) Network

The network is a concept that can be seen a lot in many areas of research. It is used to describe and interpret datasets in various fields such as social network, biological network, and metabolic regulation network. As a result, network diagrams appeared in various forms, and methods for visualizing the network information are being developed. In this article, we present a simple method with a weight of information data to visualize the network diagram for the three-dimensional (3D) network. The generic method of network visualization is a circular representation with many intersections. When dealing with a lot of data, the three-dimensional network graphics, which can be rotated, are easier to analyze than the two-dimensional (2D) network. The proposed algorithm focuses on visualizing three factors: the position and size of the nodes and the thickness of the edge between linked nodes. In the proposed method, an objective function is defined, which consists of two parts to locate the nodes: (i) a constraint for given distance, which is the weight of the relationship among all the data, and (ii) the mutual repulsive force among the given nodes. We apply the gradient descent method to minimize the objective function. The size of the nodes and the thickness of the edges are defined by using the weight of each node and the weight between other nodes associated with it, respectively. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm, the relationships of the characters in the two novels are visualized using 3D network diagram.

Metal recovery from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash as a tool of circular economy

Municipal solid waste contains metals in various amounts in many cases. The metals become part of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and can be recovered. The article describes the role of recovered metals in the circular economy based on the analyses of metal recovery, the triple layered business model, and the SWOT analysis. Based on the results of the examination of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, setting them in the strengths-threats quadrant, the positive internal factors (quantified by +1.11) meet the negative factors in the environment (quantified by −0.62). The strength – heavy metal recovery, reduction of toxicity, risk reduction (due to lowering the toxicity), and re-use of process material, where possible, overcome the threats including the sorting of municipal waste in most countries, remediation of empty mines by filling with fly ash, soil, water and air contamination, land take, and social acceptance of the recycled materials for a successful recovery of metals from municipal solid waste incineration fly ash. Yet, not only the economic and environmental view is important but also the social aspect of metal. The circular representation of metal recovery is shown and the questions for the future are outlined.

Generalized penalty for circular coordinate representation

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Topological Data Analysis (TDA) provides novel approaches that allow us to analyze the geometrical shapes and topological structures of a dataset. As one important application, TDA can be used for data visualization and dimension reduction. We follow the framework of circular coordinate representation, which allows us to perform dimension reduction and visualization for high-dimensional datasets on a torus using persistent cohomology. In this paper, we propose a method to adapt the circular coordinate framework to take into account the roughness of circular coordinates in change-point and high-dimensional applications. To do that, we use a generalized penalty function instead of an <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ L_{2} $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> penalty in the traditional circular coordinate algorithm. We provide simulation experiments and real data analyses to support our claim that circular coordinates with generalized penalty will detect the change in high-dimensional datasets under different sampling schemes while preserving the topological structures.</p>

Syncretism of the New Year’s Greetings Genre: Bilingual Ranking and Strategic Intentions

The article covers issues related to the New Year’s addresses of Vyacheslav Zelimkhanovich Bitarov, the head of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania, and the Anatoly Ilyich Bibilov, President of the Republic of South Ossetia. as the specifics of political communication small form genre. The genre features and cultural and historical characteristics of the New Year’s address of the head of state are identified and described. The study is based on the methodological platforms of genre analysis, approaches to typologization of speech genres, methods of communication strategies analyzing, methods and techniques of cognitive analysis, methods of conceptological analysis, methods of contextual analysis. The authors identified the typologically inherent characteristics in this political discourse genre based on the multidimensional classification criteria. A detailed analysis of the structural and semantic organization of the New Year address has been carried out. Variants of language codes switching are revealed, namely parity messages duplication, summarization in the Ossetian language, circular bilingual representation of the text. An optical mode of ritual appeal, represented by prayer formulas, has been determined. The types of performativity realized through etiquette congratulations and generally accepted wishes, ethnic well-wishes and clichéd fragments of Ossetian toast-prayers are considered. . The basic concepts of the of New Year’s messages cognitive space are described, including ethnospecific Ossetian concepts «куывд»”(kuyvd”), «фарн» (“farn), «бæркад» (“bаrkad”) and universal concepts “values”, “past”, “future”, “achievements”. The originality of the appeal texts targeting is indicated, it consists in the native land – Ossetia (Iriston) personification and the ethnos differentiation into the North and South Ossetians. According to the study results, it was established that the congratulation texts of the North and South Ossetias leaders are generated on the basis of a stable model, which possesses the genre in political discourse institutional features and ethnic features of traditional Ossetian communication.

Gender imbalance in executive management positions at the Mexican National Institutes of Health

BackgroundAround the world, there is a significant difference in the proportion of women with access to leadership in healthcare with respect to men. This article studies gender imbalance and wage gap in managerial, executive, and directive job positions at the Mexican National Institutes of Health.MethodsCohort data were described using a visual circular representation and modeled using a generalized linear model. Analysis of variance was used to assess model significance, and posterior Fisher’s least significant differences were analyzed when appropriate.ResultsThis study demonstrated that there is a gender imbalance distribution among the hierarchical position at the Mexican National Health Institutes and also exposed that the wage gap exists mainly in the (highest or lowest) ranks in hierarchical order.ConclusionsSince the majority of the healthcare workforce is female, Mexican women are still underrepresented in executive and directive management positions at national healthcare organizations.

Comparative Analysis of Flight Search Representations

Visualization has been extensively used in almost all the fields, but unfortunately, there is very little work on the visualization of flight search. The literature discusses only two representations: textual representation and linear representation. In this study, the authors introduce a new form of visualization called circular representation and compare it with the existing visualization techniques. The authors found that each representation has its own merits and demerits. More specifically, they found that users were able to find required flight circular efficiently when using circular representation, while most errors were committed by the user when using textual representation, and users ranked circular representation low in terms of qualitative satisfaction.

A hierarchical multivariate spatio-temporal model for clustered climate data with annual cycles

We introduce a Bayesian multivariate hierarchical framework to estimate a space-time model for a joint series of monthly extreme temperatures and amounts of precipitation. Data are available for 360 monitoring stations over 60 years, with missing data affecting almost all series. Model components account for spatio-temporal correlation and annual cycles, dependence on covariates and between responses. Spatio-temporal dependence is modeled by the nearest neighbor Gaussian process (GP), response multivariate dependencies are represented by the linear model of coregionalization and effects of annual cycles are included by a circular representation of time. The proposed approach allows imputation of missing values and interpolation of climate surfaces at the national level. It also provides a characterization of the so called Italian ecoregions, namely broad and discrete ecologically homogeneous areas of similar potential as regards the climate, physiography, hydrography, vegetation and wildlife. To now, Italian ecoregions are hierarchically classified into 4 tiers that go from 2 Divisions to 35 Subsections and are defined by informed expert judgments. The current climatic characterization of Italian ecoregions is based on bioclimatic indices for the period 1955–2000.

Tlaxcala’s ‘redondez’ and the making of new worlds: from global empire to Indian province in Descripción de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala (1581–1585)

Tlaxcala, an indigenous province in New Spain, was an ally to Hernán Cortés and an active participant in the wars of conquest against the Mexica Empire. In their position and identity as Indian conquistadors both during the conquest wars and the colonial period, the Tlaxcalteca nobility sought to defend its lands, interests, and privileges against competing exterior entities and forces. Countering these threats, Tlaxcala appropriated and developed a variety of discourses—heraldry, relaciones de méritos, primordial titles— and ritual practices and performance to defend its territorial and political integrity. This article analyzes another Tlaxcalteca discourse, not yet identified and studied by scholars, in Diego Muñoz Camargo’s Descripción de la ciudad y provincia de Tlaxcala (1581–1585). By proposing the term and concept rhetoric of the sphere, this article examines its use by Muñoz Camargo to articulate a cartographic representation of Tlaxcala’s territory as a circular, enclosed, and immune space. Intimately tied to the world-like nature of Tlaxcala’s circular representation, the article argues, is the assertion, through both text and image, of a nativist revision of conquest and the emergence of a Tlaxcalteca territory and identity.

Collective mode reductions for populations of coupled noisy oscillators

We analyze the accuracy of different low-dimensional reductions of the collective dynamics in large populations of coupled phase oscillators with intrinsic noise. Three approximations are considered: (i) the Ott-Antonsen ansatz, (ii) the Gaussian ansatz, and (iii) a two-cumulant truncation of the circular cumulant representation of the original system's dynamics. For the latter, we suggest a closure, which makes the truncation, for small noise, a rigorous first-order correction to the Ott-Antonsen ansatz, and simultaneously is a generalization of the Gaussian ansatz. The Kuramoto model with intrinsic noise and the population of identical noisy active rotators in excitable states with the Kuramoto-type coupling are considered as examples to test the validity of these approximations. For all considered cases, the Gaussian ansatz is found to be more accurate than the Ott-Antonsen one for high-synchrony states only. The two-cumulant approximation is always superior to both other approximations.

Integration processes during frequency graph comprehension: Performance and eye movements while processing tree maps versus pie charts

SummaryFrequency graph types differ in the way how data are translated into visual representations. We compared 2 visualization methods, a traditional circular representation (pie chart) and a rectangular representation (constant column width tree map), which were hypothesized to differ regarding the cognitive ease of visual comparison processes. Performance was evaluated in tasks involving proportion and comparison judgments under both highly controlled and more realistic circumstances. The results showed performance benefits (in terms of reduced response times or error rates) for rectangular representations. Additional eye movement analyses revealed that this benefit was mainly due to a facilitation of scanning the graph for relevant information. The results suggest that facilitating comparison processes by representing the critical variable in less complex visual dimensions (i.e., straight length with constant orientation instead of surface area or curved length) eventually enhances the efficiency of integration processes during graph comprehension.

Investigation of Different Geometric Representations of Road User Volume and Their Impact on Postencroachment Time

Surrogate safety analysis refers to a large class of methods to evaluate safety at any site without waiting for collisions. A core requirement of any safety analysis method is the calculation of reliable safety indicators, which are mostly computed at a given time with the use of the positions and speeds of the two interacting road users. These positional data can be obtained automatically with video sensors and computer vision techniques. Therefore, automated safety analysis based on video data has gained the interest of safety analysts. However, automatic, video-based methods for surrogate safety analysis generally consider road users as points. Hence, the geometric representation of the road user volume (the outline) can affect the accuracy of the calculated indicators and consequently the safety evaluation. This study investigated geometric representations of road users for the automated computation of safety indicators. In particular, they were compared in the measurement of postencroachment time. This investigation relied on a real-world case study at two sites with two camera configurations, the first with an almost overhead view and the second with a much lower camera angle, which was more common in practice. The results show that representing the road user as a convex hull with extracted features is most accurate, with a root mean square error equal to 0.25 s for computation at the first site with an overhead view. With a lower camera angle, the advantage of that method disappeared and a simpler circular representation with a fixed radius showed the best results.