Circular Patch Antenna Research Articles

Design and Development of a Quad mode Circular Millimeter-Wave Patch Antenna for Breast Tumour Size Detection and Localization

In this study, we present the development of an antenna based on millimeter-wave specifically designed for performance in breast tumour detection and localization. A quad – mode circular microstrip antenna is engineered to function at millimeter-wave frequencies of 30 GHz and 40 GHz, focusing on accurate tumor size & location. At 30 GHz and 40 GHz, facilitating effective penetration through breast tissue and enabling precise tumor localization. The differential dielectric characteristics of malignant and normal breast tissues provide the basis for the detection of breast cancers using mm-wave imaging. Using quarter mode circular patch antennas, this method sends and receives pulses that travel through the breast at various points. The tumor's location and size are then determined by receiving the waves from the breast. Due to their strong scattering properties, malignant tumors can be identified by their transfer characteristics in the reflected signals they receive. The study also looks at how the tumor's size and location in relation to the antenna affect detection efficiency. These results suggest that mm wave planar antennas are useful for locating and detecting tiny breast cancers, offering a viable method for breast cancer detection.

The Design and Analysis of circular Patch Antennas with Defective Ground Structures (DGS) for C and X-Band Applications

The Design and Analysis of circular Patch Antennas with Defective Ground Structures (DGS) for C and X-Band Applications

Compact frequency‐reconfigurable circular patch antenna with varactor diode: Design, tuning, and compactness optimization

AbstractIn this study, a frequency‐reconfigurable circular patch antenna with a varactor diode has been presented. The proposed antenna has been designed and investigated in four steps: circular patch antenna (Antenna 1), antenna with double slots (Antenna 2), antenna with quad slots (Antenna 3), and antenna with varactor diode (Antenna 4). The proposed antenna has been made compact with rectangular slots and a hyperabrupt junction tuning varactor diode (SMV1249‐079LF). The proposed antenna has been designed and produced in 32 × 32 × 0.64 mm3 dimensions, approximately 80% minimized compared to a microstrip circular patch antenna operating at 850 MHZ resonance frequency. This frequency‐reconfigurable antenna can perform between the range of 0.85–1.3 GHz frequency with 0–3 V DC voltage tuning of the varactor diode. So, using with the varactor diode, the proposed antenna has obtained a 53% tuning range between 0.85 and 1.3 GHz frequencies. This study offers a different antenna design, compactness, and high tuning ratio compared to previous studies. This frequency reconfigurable antenna can be preferred with its wideband structure in different communications areas and wireless energy transfer systems.

Low SAR Based Modified Circular Patch Antenna for Future Biomedical Applications and Body Area Networks

Low SAR Based Modified Circular Patch Antenna for Future Biomedical Applications and Body Area Networks

A Circular Ring Patch Antenna for Breast Cancer Detection Based on Return Loss and VSWR

Breast cancer is a serious condition that affects women and requires timely identification. Various methods such as magnetic resonance imaging, mammography, digital mammography, and computer-aided detection are used for this purpose. However, these techniques have their drawbacks. To address this issue, a new approach is proposed and detailed in this paper. In this novel method, a circular patch antenna is employed to detect tumors in a breast phantom. The analysis of return loss and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) helps in identifying the presence of tumors. High-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) software is employed to design and simulate the antenna for an ultra-wideband (3.1 – 10.6 GHz) frequency of 5.2 GHz, along with a breast phantom with and without a tumor. The antenna is independently simulated on both the breast phantoms with and without tumors. Rogers RT/duroid 5880 (tm) dielectric material is employed to design the antenna, with overall dimensions of 30 × 20 × 0.8 mm3. It possesses a dielectric constant of 2.2, a tangent loss of 0.02, and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The ring slot and partial ground plane techniques are employed to increase the overall effectiveness of the antenna. The properties of the antenna, such as return loss and VSWR, change when simulated with and without a tumor. The presence of a tumor within the breast is clearly indicated by the alterations in return loss and VSWR. The antenna proposed exhibits remarkable efficacy in the detection of tumors owing to its inconspicuous features, straightforward design, petite dimensions, and ideal impedance matching.

Dual‐port circular patch antenna array: Enhancing gain and minimizing cross‐polarization for mm‐wave 5G networks

Dual‐port circular patch antenna array: Enhancing gain and minimizing cross‐polarization for mm‐wave 5G networks

Investigation of circularly polarized MIMO antenna with enhanced isolation for sub-6 GHz application

This article demonstrates the design process for a unique, two-port, circularly polarized (CP) multiple input multiple outputs (MIMO) antenna for fifth-generation (5G) applications operating at sub-6 GHz. The proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna comprises a patch antenna with a distinctive slot and a circular split ring resonator (SRR) at the ground plane. The circular patch antenna’s resonant frequency is moved to a lower frequency by the addition of a circular SRR at the ground plane. Investigating a special slot at the patch antenna can help in the enhancement of circular polarization and bandwidth. A sequence of parasitic elements in the shape of ‘h’ is placed in the space between the two antenna elements for decoupling. The minimum 20 dB inter isolation among the antenna elements in the proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna’s operating band is made possible by these h-shaped parasitic elements. In addition, to ensure the proposed antenna is more reliable for 5G applications at sub-6 GHz, other diversity parameters including Envelop Correlation Co-efficient (ECC), Mean Effective Gain (MEG), Diversity Gain (DG), TARC (Total Active Reflection Co-efficient) and CCL (channel capacity loss) are also calculated . In comparison to existing MIMO systems of the same order, the proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna appears to have the minimum channel capacity loss and excellent diversity performance. The proposed 2-port CP MIMO antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of 3.3 to 3.6 GHz with impedance matching better than 10 dB and has an axial ratio bandwidth of 3.35 to 3.51 GHz with a steady radiation pattern in both planes over the operating frequency bands.

Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna : Design, Simulation, and Analysis For 5G Applications

Microstrip Patch Antennas (MPA) have emerged as a remarkable discovery in the period of miniaturization, despite the fact that advancements in antenna engineering have resulted in the fast growth of communication networks. This work encompasses the design, modelling, and analysis of circular microstrip patch antennas. The resonant frequency of the recommended patch antennas is 9 GHz, which is within the X band range. Ansys HFSS software was used to create them using Rogers RT/duroid 5880 material, which has a dielectric constant of 2.2. Five performance measures were utilized to examine the recommended MPAs: return loss, bandwidth, VSWR, gain, and HPBW. The required information refers to the measurements of return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and half power beamwidth (HPBW). The recommended antennas are ideal for use in radar, wireless, and satellite applications.

Detecting Manufacturing Defects on Printed Circuit Boards Using Metamaterial-Based Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna

In this study, a microstrip circular patch antenna is designed having a metamaterial-based (MTM) ground plane to detect manufacturing defects of short circuits and open circuits on printed circuit boards (PCB). In that regard, PCB specimens of FR-4 as the substrate and copper microstrip lines as the conductive wiring lines are designed and manufactured. Five vertical copper lines printed side by side on the top of the substrate are used to demonstrate the working mechanism of the designed antenna sensor. Two different defect scenarios of open and short circuits with controlled locations are studied to determine variations in the return loss data of the proposed structure. MTM cell structures with cross lines enclosed by an octagon ring are periodically placed as part of the ground plane of the proposed antenna to obtain higher sensitivity of the designed and manufactured sensor. Antenna return loss behaviors in terms of the locations of the faults are employed to prepare a database to detect not only the presence of the faults but also determine their locations. Since the samples to be measured are not irreversibly damaged during the testing process, the proposed design can be considered a non-destructive measurement method to provide information about the type and location of defects with real-time measurement data.

Rotation insensitive implantable wireless power transfer system for medical devices using metamaterial-polarization converter

This article introduces an innovative approach for creating a circular polarization (CP) antenna-based rotation-insensitive implantable wireless power transfer (WPT) system for medical devices. The system is constructed to work in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) frequency band of 902–928 MHz. Initially, a flexible, wide-band, and bio-compatible open-ended CP slot antenna is designed within a single-layer human skin tissue model to serve as the receiving (Rx) element. To form the implantable WPT link, a circular patch antenna is also constructed in the free-space to use as a transmitting (Tx) source. Further, a new metamaterial-polarization converter (MTM-PC) structure is developed and incorporated into the proposed system to enhance the power transfer efficiency (PTE). Furthermore, the rotational phenomenon of the Rx implant has been studied to show how the rotation affects the system’s performance. Moreover, a numerical analysis of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is conducted to confirm compliance with safety regulations and prioritize human safety from electromagnetic exposure. Finally, to validate the introduced concept, prototypes of the different elements of the proposed WPT system were fabricated and tested using skin-mimicking gel and porcine tissue. The measured results confirm the feasibility of the introduced approach, exhibiting improved efficiency due to use of the MTM-PC. The amplitude of the transmission coefficient (|S21|\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$|S_{21}|$$\\end{document}) has improved by 6.94 dB in the simulation, whereas the enhancement of 7.04 dB and 6.76 dB is obtained from the experimental study due to the integration of MTM-PC. As a result, the PTE of the proposed MTM-PC integrated implantable WPT system is increased significantly compared to the system without MTM-PC.

Low-cost saw/sinus-tooth-shaped circular microstrip patch antenna for in-space and satellite applications

Antennas operating in S and C bands are crucial in space satellite applications due to their high bandwidth, which facilitates the swift transmission of large data volumes from space vehicles to Earth. These bands are less affected by atmospheric disturbances and exhibit lower noise levels, ensuring uninterrupted and reliable communication between spacecraft and Earth centers. They are essential for satellite-based remote sensing, analyzing surface properties, transmitting high-resolution images, scientific data, and other information. Additionally, they are used for spacecraft control and navigation, enabling precise mission operations. This study emphasizes user-friendly production antennas with different geometries and distinct feeding techniques, demonstrating various design implementations using CST Microwave Studio software. Innovative manufacturing methods such as 3D printing PLA substrates and using copper tape for antenna elements were explored to optimize costs and production processes. Precise cutting of antenna radiation geometries was achieved using the Cricut machine. Experimental validation through reflection coefficient (S11) measurements with a handheld vector network analyzer confirmed the practical application of theoretical foundations. The study’s novelty lies in examining unconventional materials like PLA filament for antenna substrates, exploring fractalization theory for enhancing bandwidth, and discussing advancements in material science with flexible filaments like TPU. These contributions offer insights into user-friendly antenna production, innovative manufacturing techniques, and theoretical explorations in antenna design, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of space satellite communication systems.

Isolation enhancement of compact co‐polarized circular patch antennas using embedded series resonator

AbstractAn embedded series resonator for compact co‐polarized circular patch antenna pairs is presented in this paper. With a compact center spacing (CS) of 0.32λ0 and edge spacing (ES) of 0.03λ0 (λ0 is the free‐space wavelength at the center frequency), strong mutual coupling inevitably arises. However, by introducing a cross‐shaped fence and two quarter‐wavelength open‐ended slots onto a circular patch, port isolation of the first proposed antenna pair is significantly enhanced by 25.2 dB within a bandwidth of 6.2%. Moreover, the effectiveness of the embedded series resonator is demonstrated by achieving a wider 20‐dB decoupling bandwidth of 10.4% for the second proposed compact bandwidth‐enhanced antenna pair. For validation, both proposed prototypes are fabricated and measured, showing good agreement between measurements and simulations. To demonstrate the universality, a 1 × 8 patch array with an embedded series resonator can achieve a beam scanning angle of ±70◦ with a gain attenuation of 2.6 dB. Benefiting from compact size, high isolation, and enhanced decoupling bandwidth, the proposed designs hold promising potential for application in multiple‐input multiple‐output system and antenna array.

Circular Patch Antenna with Quintuple Band Operation Design Analysis and Performance Evaluation for Multi-Frequency Applications

Circular Patch Antenna with Quintuple Band Operation Design Analysis and Performance Evaluation for Multi-Frequency Applications

Performance analysis of circular polarization X-band microstrip patch antenna combined with conical horn

Performance analysis of circular polarization X-band microstrip patch antenna combined with conical horn

Design of high gain and wideband circular patch antenna based on DGS for 28 GHz 5G applications

Design of high gain and wideband circular patch antenna based on DGS for 28 GHz 5G applications

Creation of a soft circular patch antenna for bio-medical applications for 5G at frequency 2.45 GHz

In the medical field, efforts are currently focused on the development of devices implanted in the human body, to build a high-performance infrastructure and a working tool adapted to patients' needs. One such implanted device is the pacemaker, which is playing an increasingly important role in today's medicine. Moreover, in the general context of medical activities, we speak of telemedicine. This involves the transmission of medical information (images, reports, recordings) via antennae implanted or fixed on the human body, to obtain a remote diagnosis, specialist advice, constant patient monitoring, and a therapeutic decision. This paper presents a study and design of a circular flexible patch antenna with half-circle-shaped gaps on its sides and a slot on the opposite part of its feed; it is implemented on a bio-sourced type substrate intended for industrial, scientific, and medical applications. In addition, it is fed by microstrip technology, which features notches for impedance matching. In addition, this antenna offers improved performance compared with the literature.

Designing a Novel Hybrid Technique Based on Enhanced Performance Wideband Millimeter-Wave Antenna for Short-Range Communication.

This paper presents the design of a performance-improved 4-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna proposed for millimeter-wave applications, especially for short-range communication systems. The antenna exhibits compact size, simplified geometry, and low profile along with wide bandwidth, high gain, low coupling, and a low Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC). Initially, a single-element antenna was designed by the integration of rectangular and circular patch antennas with slots. The antenna is superimposed on a Roger RT/Duroid 6002 with total dimensions of 17 × 12 × 1.52 mm3. Afterward, a MIMO configuration is formed along with a novel decoupling structure comprising a parasitic patch and a Defected Ground Structure (DGS). The parasitic patch is made up of strip lines with a rectangular box in the center, which is filled with circular rings. On the other side, the DGS is made by a combination of etched slots, resulting in separate ground areas behind each MIMO element. The proposed structure not only reduces coupling from -17.25 to -44 dB but also improves gain from 9.25 to 11.9 dBi while improving the bandwidth from 26.5-30.5 GHz to 25.5-30.5 GHz. Moreover, the MIMO antenna offers good performance while offering strong MIMO performance parameters, including ECC, diversity gain (DG), channel capacity loss (CCL), and mean effective gain (MEG). Furthermore, a state-of-the-art comparison is provided that results in the overperforming results of the proposed antenna system as compared to already published work. The antenna prototype is also fabricated and tested to verify software-generated results obtained from the electromagnetic (EM) tool HFSS.

Design of a Circular Micro-strip Patch Antenna for Improved Directivity and Gain of Mobile Communication Base Station

This study presents the design of Circular Micro-strip Patch Antenna (CMPA) for improved directivity and gain of mobile communication base station. The design incorporates a Rogger/5880 substrate material with a permittivity of 2.2, tangent angle of 0.00009 and a substrate height (thickness) of 0.98μm at a frequency of 1.65THz. Diversity Antenna Array Processing (DAAP) and Chebyshev Antenna Array (CAA) methods were used in the design. AutoCAD software and 2D data plotter were used for the diagrams and charts while Maple software was used for simulation. For angles of 0o, 30o, 60o, 90o, 120o, 150o and 180o, the array factors are 7.84dB, 7.85dB, 7.87dB, 7.88dB, 7.87dB, 7.85dB and 7.84db respectively. The results from the design demonstrated a remarkably low side lobe level of 0.01dB, indicating excellent suppression of unwanted radiation in undesired directions. Additionally, the antenna exhibits a Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) of unity, ensuring maximum power transfer efficiency from the source to the load. Furthermore, the antenna shows a high directivity and gain of approximately 9dB, which enhances the signal strength and coverage range. The Half Power Beam-width (HPBW) and First Null Beam-width (FNBW) was measured as 300 and 600 respectively. These parameters depict the angular width of the main radiation beam and the sharpness of the beam pattern’s nulls. In all, the designed CMPA with its CAA based antenna array holds great potential for communication networks and for mobile communication base station, offering enhanced performance in terms of radiation characteristics and signal quality.

Effective Realization of Higher Order Circular Polarized OAM Mode Circular Patch Antenna

Effective Realization of Higher Order Circular Polarized OAM Mode Circular Patch Antenna

Performance analysis of the dual-band trapezoidal antenna array for ultra-wideband application

Designing a wireless transmission system with high data rates, high fidelity, and small size is a tough undertaking that has become more popular in the digital age. One of the most important components of wireless communication systems, such as wireless LANs, mobile WIMAX, and Bluetooth devices, is the design of an efficient antenna system. The new circular slot Trapezoidal patch antenna array, which operates in the ultra wide band frequency range of 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, is introduced in this study. The FR4 substrate on which the antenna system is built has a dielectric constant of 4.4. The CST microwave studio suite is used to develop and analyze the performance of the compact structure patch antenna array. Antenna performance is examined in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 5 GHz. Antenna array resonance frequency is 3.1 GHz. By inserting a quarter wave line between the SMA connection and the micro stripline, 50 ohm impedance matching may be achieved. In comparison to previous studies, the intended antenna array has a minimum VSWR of 1.18, a maximum radiation efficiency of ?4.842 dB, and a directivity of 8.645 dBi. Using network analyzer, the test and simulation data were analyzed. The intended use of the antenna array system is for biomedical imaging and body area networks. Abbreviations: UWB: ultra wideband; EMI: electromagnetic interference; MIMO: multiple input multiple output; WLAN: wireless local area network; VSWR: voltage standing wave ratio; AVA: antipodal vivaldi antenna; DGS: defected ground structure; RF: radio frequency.