Circuit Symbol Research Articles

A Sketch Recognition Algorithm Based on Bayesian Network and Convolution Neural Network

Most of the existing sketch recognition algorithms are used to restrict the user’s drawing habits to achieve the stroke grouping and recognition. In order to solve the problem, a new sketch recognition algorithm based on Bayesian network and convolution neural network (CNN) is proposed. First, the input sketch is processed by Gaussian low-pass filter and a smoother stroke can be obtained. The stroke of continuous input is divided, then the Bayesian network and CNN are performed on stroke recognition respectively. The recognition result of Bayesian network is adopted when the reliability of stroke is larger than the threshold, otherwise recognition result of CNN will be adopted. The experiment result shows that the proposed algorithm is effective in circuit symbol recognition. The recognition rate was achieved 80.34% in the drawing process, and the final recognition rate was achieved 93.48%.

Intricate 3D lanthanide–organic frameworks with mixed nodes nets

Three lanthanide–organic frameworks formulated as [Yb 2(1,3-pda) 3(H 2O)] n · nH 2O ( 1) [La 2(2,5-pydc) 3(H 2O) 2] n ( 2) and [La(2,5-pydc)(2,5-Hpydc)(H 2O) 2] n · nH 2O ( 3) (H 21,3-pda=1,3-phenylenediacetic acid, H 22,5-pydc=pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid) have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Both the frameworks of compounds 1 and 2 exhibit intricate 3D architectures which can be simplified as nets with mixed nodes. Compound 1 presents a very complicated net with five types of nodes comprising intersecting (3,4)-connected and CdSO 4 nets. Compound 2 possesses a (4,4,6)-connected net with (4 28 4)(4 46 2) 2(4 96 6) 2 circuit symbol. While compound 3 is a 2D layer based upon carboxyl-bridged La III chains.

A new 6(5).8 topology and a distorted 6(5).8 CdSO4 topology: two new supramolecular isomers of [M2(bdc)2(L)2]n coordination polymers.

We report the crystal structures of two new coordination polymers that have similar composition but, despite having the same circuit symbol and Schläfli notation, different topologies: a novel 3D topology (USF-1) and a CdSO4-like topology.

A new supramolecular isomer of [Zn(nicotinate)2]n: a novel 4(2).8(4) network that is the result of self-assembly of 4-connected nodes.

Self-assembly of Zn(NO3)2 with m-pyridinecarboxylate (nicotinate) under mild conditions affords several products including a novel three-dimensional network [Zn(nicotinate)2]n that has connectivity defined by the circuit symbol 4(2).8(4).

The crystal structure of thornasite, Na12Th3[Si8O19]4(H2O)18: A novel interrupted silicate framework

The crystal structure of thornasite, Na 12 Th 3 [Si 8 O 19 ] 4 (H 2 O) 18 , Z = 6, rhombohedral, a = 29.124(1), c = 17.2602(9) A, V = 12,679.2(9) A 3 , space group R 3 c , has been solved by direct methods, and refined to an agreement index ( R 1) of 5.7% calculated, based on 2266 unique observed reflections collected using Mo K α X-radiation and a CCD-based detector. The structure consists of a new interrupted silicate framework with composition [Si 8 O 19 ] 6− . The framework density is 15.4 atoms per 1000 A 3 , which is typical for microporous aluminosilicate materials. The framework density, together with the presence of a three-dimensional network of channels in the structure, permit thornasite to be designated as a new member of the zeolite structure family. The framework consists of cubic cages and distorted six-membered rings linked via common edges. The circuit symbol is (4 3 14 3 )(4 3 6 2 14) 3 (6.10.12) 3 (6 2 10) 6 . Interruptions of the framework are caused by the presence of Th 4+ cations that are coordinated by eight O atoms. Na + cations and H 2 O groups are located in channels through the structure. The theoretical parent framework for thornasite may be constructed by the insertion of two additional Si atoms in place of one Th atom. The theoretical framework density is 18.0 atoms per 1000 A 3 ; the circuit symbol is (4 3 10 3 )(4 3 6 2 10) 6 (4 3 6 2 8) 3 (4 3 6.8.10) 3 (4 2 6 2 8.10) 3 (4 1 6 3 8.10) 3 .

Schläfli cluster topological analysis of medium range order in paracrystalline amorphous semiconductor models

We show that topologically crystalline regions in computer models of amorphous materials can be identified by examining the Schläfli cluster associated with each atom. The Schläfli cluster contains those atoms that define the Schläfli circuit symbol. Different crystalline topologies that have the same Schläfli circuit symbol may be distinguished by considering the number of atoms in the Schläfli cluster. The diameter of the cubic diamond Schläfli cluster in Ge is ∼0.9 nm, which is typical of the shorter length scales associated with medium range order in amorphous materials. Regions of connected identical Schläfli clusters can be readily identified in models and their combined size provides an intrinsic length scale for describing the medium range order.

A topology-based component extractor for understanding electronic circuit diagrams

An automatic understanding system using the techniques of image processing, pattern recognition, and artificial intelligence has been developed for electronic circuit diagrams. Part of the system is presented to extract three categories of essential components: circuit symbols, characters, and connection lines. Each essential component consists of a set of picture segments which are appropriately detected by a segment tracking algorithm. A heuristic piecewise linear approximation algorithm is proposed to approximate picture segments for primitive recognition. On the basis of topological context, a one-pass manner called the relational best search method applies a depth first search technique uniting a set of specified rules during the traversal of a circuit diagram. This method combines the constituents of each circuit symbol or character into a cluster. All the clusters together with the remaining components are extracted and grouped into the three categories as soon as the traversal is finished. A variety of electronic circuit diagrams have been used for testing the component extractor. So far, the present extractor has shown favorable results.

Double Layers in Astrophysics: Highlights of the 1986 MSFC Symposium

We review the discussions of the Third International Symposium on Double Layers in Laboratory and Space Plasmas. This symposium was held at Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, March 17-19, 1986. The symposium emphasized the applications of double layers in various astrophysical settings. Although the proceedings of the symposium will be published elsewhere, we give the main points of all of the discussions in this report. We also pass along a resolution which was adopted at the symposium to standardize the electrical circuit symbol for a double layer.